"kneiɣʷēō" meaning in Proto-Italic

See kneiɣʷēō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: From earlier *kneiɣʷējō, from Proto-Indo-European *kneygʷʰ-éh₁y-eti, from *kneygʷʰ- (“to bend, to droop”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *hnīwaną. Etymology templates: {{inh|itc-pro|ine-pro||*kneygʷʰ-éh₁y-eti}} Proto-Indo-European *kneygʷʰ-éh₁y-eti, {{m|ine-pro|*kneygʷʰ-||to bend, to droop}} *kneygʷʰ- (“to bend, to droop”), {{cog|gem-pro|*hnīwaną}} Proto-Germanic *hnīwaną Head templates: {{head|itc-pro|verb|gloss=first-singular present indicative|head=|head2=|head3=|head4=}} *kneiɣʷēō first-singular present indicative Inflection templates: {{itc-conj-2nd|kneiɣʷ|kneiks|knikt}}, {{itc-conj-base|desc=second conjugation stative|futr_actv_impr_2sg=*kneiɣʷētōd|past_pasv_ptcp=*kniktos|perf_indc_1pl=*kneiksomos|perf_indc_1sg=*kneiksai|perf_indc_2pl=*kneiksistes|perf_indc_2sg=*kneiksistai|perf_indc_3pl=*kneiksēri|perf_indc_3sg=*kneikse(d)|pres_actv_impr_2pl=*kneiɣʷēte|pres_actv_impr_2sg=*kneiɣʷē|pres_actv_indc_1pl=*kneiɣʷēmos|pres_actv_indc_1sg=*kneiɣʷēō|pres_actv_indc_2pl=*kneiɣʷētes|pres_actv_indc_2sg=*kneiɣʷēs|pres_actv_indc_3pl=*kneiɣʷēnt|pres_actv_indc_3sg=*kneiɣʷēt|pres_actv_ptcp=*kneiɣʷēnts|pres_actv_subj_1pl=*kneiɣʷēāmos|pres_actv_subj_1sg=*kneiɣʷēām|pres_actv_subj_2pl=*kneiɣʷēātes|pres_actv_subj_2sg=*kneiɣʷēās|pres_actv_subj_3pl=*kneiɣʷēānd|pres_actv_subj_3sg=*kneiɣʷēād|pres_pasv_impr_2sg=*kneiɣʷēzo|pres_pasv_indc_1pl=*kneiɣʷēmor|pres_pasv_indc_1sg=*kneiɣʷēōr|pres_pasv_indc_2pl=*kneiɣʷēm(e?)n(ai?)|pres_pasv_indc_2sg=*kneiɣʷēzo|pres_pasv_indc_3pl=*kneiɣʷēntor|pres_pasv_indc_3sg=*kneiɣʷētor|pres_pasv_subj_1pl=*kneiɣʷēāmor|pres_pasv_subj_1sg=*kneiɣʷēār|pres_pasv_subj_2pl=*kneiɣʷēām(e?)n(ai?)|pres_pasv_subj_2sg=*kneiɣʷēāzo|pres_pasv_subj_3pl=*kneiɣʷēāntor|pres_pasv_subj_3sg=*kneiɣʷēātor|s_vn=*kneiɣʷēzi|tu_vn=*kniktum|type=}}, {{itc-conj-base/core|desc=second conjugation stative|futr_actv_impr_1sg=*kneiɣʷētōd|past_pasv_ptcp=*kniktos|perf_indc_1pl=*kneiksomos|perf_indc_1sg=*kneiksai|perf_indc_2pl=*kneiksistes|perf_indc_2sg=*kneiksistai|perf_indc_3pl=*kneiksēri|perf_indc_3sg=*kneikse(d)|pres_actv_impr_1sg=*kneiɣʷē|pres_actv_impr_2sg=*kneiɣʷēte|pres_actv_indc_1pl=*kneiɣʷēmos|pres_actv_indc_1sg=*kneiɣʷēō|pres_actv_indc_2pl=*kneiɣʷētes|pres_actv_indc_2sg=*kneiɣʷēs|pres_actv_indc_3pl=*kneiɣʷēnt|pres_actv_indc_3sg=*kneiɣʷēt|pres_actv_ptcp=*kneiɣʷēnts|pres_actv_subj_1pl=*kneiɣʷēāmos|pres_actv_subj_1sg=*kneiɣʷēām|pres_actv_subj_2pl=*kneiɣʷēātes|pres_actv_subj_2sg=*kneiɣʷēās|pres_actv_subj_3pl=*kneiɣʷēānd|pres_actv_subj_3sg=*kneiɣʷēād|pres_pasv_impr_1sg=*kneiɣʷēzo|pres_pasv_impr_2sg=|pres_pasv_indc_1pl=*kneiɣʷēmor|pres_pasv_indc_1sg=*kneiɣʷēōr|pres_pasv_indc_2pl=*kneiɣʷēm(e?)n(ai?)|pres_pasv_indc_2sg=*kneiɣʷēzo|pres_pasv_indc_3pl=*kneiɣʷēntor|pres_pasv_indc_3sg=*kneiɣʷētor|pres_pasv_subj_1pl=*kneiɣʷēāmor|pres_pasv_subj_1sg=*kneiɣʷēār|pres_pasv_subj_2pl=*kneiɣʷēām(e?)n(ai?)|pres_pasv_subj_2sg=*kneiɣʷēāzo|pres_pasv_subj_3pl=*kneiɣʷēāntor|pres_pasv_subj_3sg=*kneiɣʷēātor|s_vn=*kneiɣʷēzi|tu_vn=*kniktum}} Forms: kneiɣʷēō first-singular present indicative [canonical], conjugation-2 [table-tags], kneiɣʷēō [active, first-person, indicative, present, singular], kneiɣʷēōr [first-person, indicative, passive, present, singular], kneiɣʷēs [active, indicative, present, second-person, singular], kneiɣʷēzo [indicative, passive, present, second-person, singular], kneiɣʷēt [active, indicative, present, singular, third-person], kneiɣʷētor [indicative, passive, present, singular, third-person], kneiɣʷēmos [active, first-person, indicative, plural, present], kneiɣʷēmor [first-person, indicative, passive, plural, present], kneiɣʷētes [active, indicative, plural, present, second-person], kneiɣʷēm(e?)n [indicative, passive, plural, present, second-person], kneiɣʷēnt [active, indicative, plural, present, third-person], kneiɣʷēntor [indicative, passive, plural, present, third-person], kneiɣʷēām [active, first-person, present, singular, subjunctive], kneiɣʷēār [first-person, passive, present, singular, subjunctive], kneiɣʷēās [active, present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], kneiɣʷēāzo [passive, present, second-person, singular, subjunctive], kneiɣʷēād [active, present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], kneiɣʷēātor [passive, present, singular, subjunctive, third-person], kneiɣʷēāmos [active, first-person, plural, present, subjunctive], kneiɣʷēāmor [first-person, passive, plural, present, subjunctive], kneiɣʷēātes [active, plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], kneiɣʷēām(e?)n [passive, plural, present, second-person, subjunctive], kneiɣʷēānd [active, plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], kneiɣʷēāntor [passive, plural, present, subjunctive, third-person], kneiksai [active, first-person, indicative, perfect, singular], kneiksistai [active, indicative, perfect, second-person, singular], kneikse [active, indicative, perfect, singular, third-person], kneiksed [active, indicative, perfect, singular, third-person], kneiksomos [active, first-person, indicative, perfect, plural], kneiksistes [active, indicative, perfect, plural, second-person], kneiksēri [active, indicative, perfect, plural, third-person], kneiɣʷē [active, imperative, present, second-person, singular], kneiɣʷēzo [imperative, passive, present, second-person, singular], kneiɣʷēte [active, imperative, plural, present, second-person], - [imperative, passive, plural, present, second-person], 2nd + 3rd sing. [future, imperative, plural, second-person], kneiɣʷētōd [active, future, imperative], kneiɣʷēnts [present], kniktos [past], kniktum [tu-derivative], kneiɣʷēzi [s-derivative]
  1. to close one's eyes Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-kneiɣʷēō-itc-pro-verb-om3JmRhz Categories (other): Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header: 71 29
  2. to blink Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-kneiɣʷēō-itc-pro-verb-88ZlJh~7

Download JSON data for kneiɣʷēō meaning in Proto-Italic (10.3kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "*nīveō"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: *nīveō",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: *nīveō"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *konkneiɣʷēō (prefixed form *kon- + *kneiɣʷēō)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "cōnnīveō"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: cōnnīveō",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "nictō"
          },
          "expansion": "nictō",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: cōnnīveō > cōnīveō (prefixed form con- + *nīveō), nictō (from the past participle)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xum",
            "2": "conegos",
            "3": "kunikaz"
          },
          "expansion": "Umbrian: conegos, kunikaz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Umbrian: conegos, kunikaz"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*kneygʷʰ-éh₁y-eti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kneygʷʰ-éh₁y-eti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*kneygʷʰ-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend, to droop"
      },
      "expansion": "*kneygʷʰ- (“to bend, to droop”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*hnīwaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hnīwaną",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier *kneiɣʷējō, from Proto-Indo-European *kneygʷʰ-éh₁y-eti, from *kneygʷʰ- (“to bend, to droop”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *hnīwaną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēō first-singular present indicative",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conjugation-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "itc-conj-2nd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēōr",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēzo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷētor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēmos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēmor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷētes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēm(e?)n",
      "roman": "ai?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēnt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēntor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēām",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēār",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēāzo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēād",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēātor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēāmos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēāmor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēātes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēām(e?)n",
      "roman": "ai?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēānd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēāntor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiksai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiksistai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneikse",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiksed",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiksomos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiksistes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiksēri",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēzo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2nd + 3rd sing.",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷētōd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēnts",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kniktos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kniktum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "tu-derivative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēzi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "s-derivative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "verb",
        "gloss": "first-singular present indicative",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "head4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*kneiɣʷēō first-singular present indicative",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kneiɣʷ",
        "2": "kneiks",
        "3": "knikt"
      },
      "name": "itc-conj-2nd"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "desc": "second conjugation stative",
        "futr_actv_impr_2sg": "*kneiɣʷētōd",
        "past_pasv_ptcp": "*kniktos",
        "perf_indc_1pl": "*kneiksomos",
        "perf_indc_1sg": "*kneiksai",
        "perf_indc_2pl": "*kneiksistes",
        "perf_indc_2sg": "*kneiksistai",
        "perf_indc_3pl": "*kneiksēri",
        "perf_indc_3sg": "*kneikse(d)",
        "pres_actv_impr_2pl": "*kneiɣʷēte",
        "pres_actv_impr_2sg": "*kneiɣʷē",
        "pres_actv_indc_1pl": "*kneiɣʷēmos",
        "pres_actv_indc_1sg": "*kneiɣʷēō",
        "pres_actv_indc_2pl": "*kneiɣʷētes",
        "pres_actv_indc_2sg": "*kneiɣʷēs",
        "pres_actv_indc_3pl": "*kneiɣʷēnt",
        "pres_actv_indc_3sg": "*kneiɣʷēt",
        "pres_actv_ptcp": "*kneiɣʷēnts",
        "pres_actv_subj_1pl": "*kneiɣʷēāmos",
        "pres_actv_subj_1sg": "*kneiɣʷēām",
        "pres_actv_subj_2pl": "*kneiɣʷēātes",
        "pres_actv_subj_2sg": "*kneiɣʷēās",
        "pres_actv_subj_3pl": "*kneiɣʷēānd",
        "pres_actv_subj_3sg": "*kneiɣʷēād",
        "pres_pasv_impr_2sg": "*kneiɣʷēzo",
        "pres_pasv_indc_1pl": "*kneiɣʷēmor",
        "pres_pasv_indc_1sg": "*kneiɣʷēōr",
        "pres_pasv_indc_2pl": "*kneiɣʷēm(e?)n(ai?)",
        "pres_pasv_indc_2sg": "*kneiɣʷēzo",
        "pres_pasv_indc_3pl": "*kneiɣʷēntor",
        "pres_pasv_indc_3sg": "*kneiɣʷētor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_1pl": "*kneiɣʷēāmor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_1sg": "*kneiɣʷēār",
        "pres_pasv_subj_2pl": "*kneiɣʷēām(e?)n(ai?)",
        "pres_pasv_subj_2sg": "*kneiɣʷēāzo",
        "pres_pasv_subj_3pl": "*kneiɣʷēāntor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_3sg": "*kneiɣʷēātor",
        "s_vn": "*kneiɣʷēzi",
        "tu_vn": "*kniktum",
        "type": ""
      },
      "name": "itc-conj-base"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "desc": "second conjugation stative",
        "futr_actv_impr_1sg": "*kneiɣʷētōd",
        "past_pasv_ptcp": "*kniktos",
        "perf_indc_1pl": "*kneiksomos",
        "perf_indc_1sg": "*kneiksai",
        "perf_indc_2pl": "*kneiksistes",
        "perf_indc_2sg": "*kneiksistai",
        "perf_indc_3pl": "*kneiksēri",
        "perf_indc_3sg": "*kneikse(d)",
        "pres_actv_impr_1sg": "*kneiɣʷē",
        "pres_actv_impr_2sg": "*kneiɣʷēte",
        "pres_actv_indc_1pl": "*kneiɣʷēmos",
        "pres_actv_indc_1sg": "*kneiɣʷēō",
        "pres_actv_indc_2pl": "*kneiɣʷētes",
        "pres_actv_indc_2sg": "*kneiɣʷēs",
        "pres_actv_indc_3pl": "*kneiɣʷēnt",
        "pres_actv_indc_3sg": "*kneiɣʷēt",
        "pres_actv_ptcp": "*kneiɣʷēnts",
        "pres_actv_subj_1pl": "*kneiɣʷēāmos",
        "pres_actv_subj_1sg": "*kneiɣʷēām",
        "pres_actv_subj_2pl": "*kneiɣʷēātes",
        "pres_actv_subj_2sg": "*kneiɣʷēās",
        "pres_actv_subj_3pl": "*kneiɣʷēānd",
        "pres_actv_subj_3sg": "*kneiɣʷēād",
        "pres_pasv_impr_1sg": "*kneiɣʷēzo",
        "pres_pasv_impr_2sg": "",
        "pres_pasv_indc_1pl": "*kneiɣʷēmor",
        "pres_pasv_indc_1sg": "*kneiɣʷēōr",
        "pres_pasv_indc_2pl": "*kneiɣʷēm(e?)n(ai?)",
        "pres_pasv_indc_2sg": "*kneiɣʷēzo",
        "pres_pasv_indc_3pl": "*kneiɣʷēntor",
        "pres_pasv_indc_3sg": "*kneiɣʷētor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_1pl": "*kneiɣʷēāmor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_1sg": "*kneiɣʷēār",
        "pres_pasv_subj_2pl": "*kneiɣʷēām(e?)n(ai?)",
        "pres_pasv_subj_2sg": "*kneiɣʷēāzo",
        "pres_pasv_subj_3pl": "*kneiɣʷēāntor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_3sg": "*kneiɣʷēātor",
        "s_vn": "*kneiɣʷēzi",
        "tu_vn": "*kniktum"
      },
      "name": "itc-conj-base/core"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Italic",
  "lang_code": "itc-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kneiɣʷēō",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "71 29",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to close one's eyes"
      ],
      "id": "en-kneiɣʷēō-itc-pro-verb-om3JmRhz",
      "links": [
        [
          "close",
          "close"
        ],
        [
          "eye",
          "eye"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to blink"
      ],
      "id": "en-kneiɣʷēō-itc-pro-verb-88ZlJh~7",
      "links": [
        [
          "blink",
          "blink"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kneiɣʷēō"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Italic lemmas",
    "Proto-Italic second conjugation verbs",
    "Proto-Italic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Italic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Italic verbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "*nīveō"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: *nīveō",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: *nīveō"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *konkneiɣʷēō (prefixed form *kon- + *kneiɣʷēō)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "cōnnīveō"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: cōnnīveō",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "nictō"
          },
          "expansion": "nictō",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: cōnnīveō > cōnīveō (prefixed form con- + *nīveō), nictō (from the past participle)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xum",
            "2": "conegos",
            "3": "kunikaz"
          },
          "expansion": "Umbrian: conegos, kunikaz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Umbrian: conegos, kunikaz"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*kneygʷʰ-éh₁y-eti"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kneygʷʰ-éh₁y-eti",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*kneygʷʰ-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend, to droop"
      },
      "expansion": "*kneygʷʰ- (“to bend, to droop”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*hnīwaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hnīwaną",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier *kneiɣʷējō, from Proto-Indo-European *kneygʷʰ-éh₁y-eti, from *kneygʷʰ- (“to bend, to droop”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *hnīwaną.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēō first-singular present indicative",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "conjugation-2",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "itc-conj-2nd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēōr",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēzo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷētor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēmos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēmor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷētes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēm(e?)n",
      "roman": "ai?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēnt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēntor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēām",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēār",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēās",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēāzo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēād",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēātor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēāmos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēāmor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēātes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēām(e?)n",
      "roman": "ai?",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēānd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēāntor",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiksai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiksistai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneikse",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiksed",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiksomos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiksistes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiksēri",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "perfect",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēzo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "passive",
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēte",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "present",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2nd + 3rd sing.",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "future",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷētōd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "future",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēnts",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kniktos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kniktum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "tu-derivative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kneiɣʷēzi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "s-derivative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "verb",
        "gloss": "first-singular present indicative",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "head4": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*kneiɣʷēō first-singular present indicative",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kneiɣʷ",
        "2": "kneiks",
        "3": "knikt"
      },
      "name": "itc-conj-2nd"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "desc": "second conjugation stative",
        "futr_actv_impr_2sg": "*kneiɣʷētōd",
        "past_pasv_ptcp": "*kniktos",
        "perf_indc_1pl": "*kneiksomos",
        "perf_indc_1sg": "*kneiksai",
        "perf_indc_2pl": "*kneiksistes",
        "perf_indc_2sg": "*kneiksistai",
        "perf_indc_3pl": "*kneiksēri",
        "perf_indc_3sg": "*kneikse(d)",
        "pres_actv_impr_2pl": "*kneiɣʷēte",
        "pres_actv_impr_2sg": "*kneiɣʷē",
        "pres_actv_indc_1pl": "*kneiɣʷēmos",
        "pres_actv_indc_1sg": "*kneiɣʷēō",
        "pres_actv_indc_2pl": "*kneiɣʷētes",
        "pres_actv_indc_2sg": "*kneiɣʷēs",
        "pres_actv_indc_3pl": "*kneiɣʷēnt",
        "pres_actv_indc_3sg": "*kneiɣʷēt",
        "pres_actv_ptcp": "*kneiɣʷēnts",
        "pres_actv_subj_1pl": "*kneiɣʷēāmos",
        "pres_actv_subj_1sg": "*kneiɣʷēām",
        "pres_actv_subj_2pl": "*kneiɣʷēātes",
        "pres_actv_subj_2sg": "*kneiɣʷēās",
        "pres_actv_subj_3pl": "*kneiɣʷēānd",
        "pres_actv_subj_3sg": "*kneiɣʷēād",
        "pres_pasv_impr_2sg": "*kneiɣʷēzo",
        "pres_pasv_indc_1pl": "*kneiɣʷēmor",
        "pres_pasv_indc_1sg": "*kneiɣʷēōr",
        "pres_pasv_indc_2pl": "*kneiɣʷēm(e?)n(ai?)",
        "pres_pasv_indc_2sg": "*kneiɣʷēzo",
        "pres_pasv_indc_3pl": "*kneiɣʷēntor",
        "pres_pasv_indc_3sg": "*kneiɣʷētor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_1pl": "*kneiɣʷēāmor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_1sg": "*kneiɣʷēār",
        "pres_pasv_subj_2pl": "*kneiɣʷēām(e?)n(ai?)",
        "pres_pasv_subj_2sg": "*kneiɣʷēāzo",
        "pres_pasv_subj_3pl": "*kneiɣʷēāntor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_3sg": "*kneiɣʷēātor",
        "s_vn": "*kneiɣʷēzi",
        "tu_vn": "*kniktum",
        "type": ""
      },
      "name": "itc-conj-base"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "desc": "second conjugation stative",
        "futr_actv_impr_1sg": "*kneiɣʷētōd",
        "past_pasv_ptcp": "*kniktos",
        "perf_indc_1pl": "*kneiksomos",
        "perf_indc_1sg": "*kneiksai",
        "perf_indc_2pl": "*kneiksistes",
        "perf_indc_2sg": "*kneiksistai",
        "perf_indc_3pl": "*kneiksēri",
        "perf_indc_3sg": "*kneikse(d)",
        "pres_actv_impr_1sg": "*kneiɣʷē",
        "pres_actv_impr_2sg": "*kneiɣʷēte",
        "pres_actv_indc_1pl": "*kneiɣʷēmos",
        "pres_actv_indc_1sg": "*kneiɣʷēō",
        "pres_actv_indc_2pl": "*kneiɣʷētes",
        "pres_actv_indc_2sg": "*kneiɣʷēs",
        "pres_actv_indc_3pl": "*kneiɣʷēnt",
        "pres_actv_indc_3sg": "*kneiɣʷēt",
        "pres_actv_ptcp": "*kneiɣʷēnts",
        "pres_actv_subj_1pl": "*kneiɣʷēāmos",
        "pres_actv_subj_1sg": "*kneiɣʷēām",
        "pres_actv_subj_2pl": "*kneiɣʷēātes",
        "pres_actv_subj_2sg": "*kneiɣʷēās",
        "pres_actv_subj_3pl": "*kneiɣʷēānd",
        "pres_actv_subj_3sg": "*kneiɣʷēād",
        "pres_pasv_impr_1sg": "*kneiɣʷēzo",
        "pres_pasv_impr_2sg": "",
        "pres_pasv_indc_1pl": "*kneiɣʷēmor",
        "pres_pasv_indc_1sg": "*kneiɣʷēōr",
        "pres_pasv_indc_2pl": "*kneiɣʷēm(e?)n(ai?)",
        "pres_pasv_indc_2sg": "*kneiɣʷēzo",
        "pres_pasv_indc_3pl": "*kneiɣʷēntor",
        "pres_pasv_indc_3sg": "*kneiɣʷētor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_1pl": "*kneiɣʷēāmor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_1sg": "*kneiɣʷēār",
        "pres_pasv_subj_2pl": "*kneiɣʷēām(e?)n(ai?)",
        "pres_pasv_subj_2sg": "*kneiɣʷēāzo",
        "pres_pasv_subj_3pl": "*kneiɣʷēāntor",
        "pres_pasv_subj_3sg": "*kneiɣʷēātor",
        "s_vn": "*kneiɣʷēzi",
        "tu_vn": "*kniktum"
      },
      "name": "itc-conj-base/core"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Italic",
  "lang_code": "itc-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kneiɣʷēō",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to close one's eyes"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "close",
          "close"
        ],
        [
          "eye",
          "eye"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to blink"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "blink",
          "blink"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "kneiɣʷēō"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Italic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.