See akris in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "ācer"
},
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"sense": "sharply",
"word": "akrid"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂eḱ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂eḱrós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱrós",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱrós, with an unexpected change to i-stem declension. According to De Vaan, the shift to the i-stem may have occurred due to the analogy of *okris. However, the explanation for the initial long vowel in Latin is still unclear. The linguist Frank Heidermanns argues that the term emerged from the affixation of *-is to a noun *akros. According to Heidermanns, who reconstructs the term as *ākris, the lengthening of the initial vowel is reflective of the alternation found in terms such as *sakros and *sākris.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "akrjōs",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "akrisemos",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "itc-decl-adj-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "akris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "akris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "akre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "akrim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akrim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akreis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akreis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akrjes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akrei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akrei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akrei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akrīd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akrīd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akrīd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akrei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akrei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akrei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akrēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akrēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akrjā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akrēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "akrēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "akrjā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "akrins",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akrins",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akrjā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akrjom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akrjom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akrjom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akriβos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akriβos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akriβos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akriβos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akriβos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akriβos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akriβos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akriβos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akriβos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "comparative",
"4": "*akrjōs",
"5": "superlative",
"6": "*akrisemos"
},
"expansion": "*akris (comparative *akrjōs, superlative *akrisemos)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "akr"
},
"name": "itc-decl-adj-i"
},
{
"args": {
"abl_pl_f": "*akriβos",
"abl_pl_m": "*akriβos",
"abl_pl_n": "*akriβos",
"abl_sg_f": "*akrīd",
"abl_sg_m": "*akrīd",
"abl_sg_n": "*akrīd",
"acc_pl_f": "*akrins",
"acc_pl_m": "*akrins",
"acc_pl_n": "*akrjā",
"acc_sg_f": "*akrim",
"acc_sg_m": "*akrim",
"acc_sg_n": "*akre",
"dat_pl_f": "*akriβos",
"dat_pl_m": "*akriβos",
"dat_pl_n": "*akriβos",
"dat_sg_f": "*akrei",
"dat_sg_m": "*akrei",
"dat_sg_n": "*akrei",
"gen_pl_f": "*akrjom",
"gen_pl_m": "*akrjom",
"gen_pl_n": "*akrjom",
"gen_sg_f": "*akreis",
"gen_sg_m": "*akreis",
"gen_sg_n": "*akrjes",
"loc_pl_f": "*akriβos",
"loc_pl_m": "*akriβos",
"loc_pl_n": "*akriβos",
"loc_sg_f": "*akrei",
"loc_sg_m": "*akrei",
"loc_sg_n": "*akrei",
"nom_pl_f": "*akrēs",
"nom_pl_m": "*akrēs",
"nom_pl_n": "*akrjā",
"nom_sg_f": "*akris",
"nom_sg_m": "*akris",
"nom_sg_n": "*akre",
"type": "i-stem",
"voc_pl_f": "*akrēs",
"voc_pl_m": "*akrēs",
"voc_pl_n": "*akrjā",
"voc_sg_f": "*akris",
"voc_sg_m": "*akris",
"voc_sg_n": "*akre"
},
"name": "itc-decl-adj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/akris",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sharp"
],
"id": "en-akris-itc-pro-adj-Yy6TAjiG",
"links": [
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sour-tasting"
],
"id": "en-akris-itc-pro-adj-ZkcSlc8F",
"links": [
[
"sour",
"sour"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "akris"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Italic adjectives",
"Proto-Italic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Italic i-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Italic lemmas",
"Proto-Italic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Italic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eḱ-"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "ācer"
},
{
"lang": "Oscan",
"lang_code": "osc",
"sense": "sharply",
"word": "akrid"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂eḱ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂eḱrós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱrós",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eḱrós, with an unexpected change to i-stem declension. According to De Vaan, the shift to the i-stem may have occurred due to the analogy of *okris. However, the explanation for the initial long vowel in Latin is still unclear. The linguist Frank Heidermanns argues that the term emerged from the affixation of *-is to a noun *akros. According to Heidermanns, who reconstructs the term as *ākris, the lengthening of the initial vowel is reflective of the alternation found in terms such as *sakros and *sākris.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "akrjōs",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "akrisemos",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "itc-decl-adj-i",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "akris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "akris",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "akre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "akrim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akrim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akre",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akreis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akreis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akrjes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akrei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akrei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akrei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akrīd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akrīd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akrīd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akrei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akrei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akrei",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "akrēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akrēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akrjā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akrēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "akrēs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "akrjā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "akrins",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akrins",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akrjā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akrjom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akrjom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akrjom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akriβos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akriβos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akriβos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akriβos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akriβos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akriβos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akriβos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akriβos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "akriβos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "comparative",
"4": "*akrjōs",
"5": "superlative",
"6": "*akrisemos"
},
"expansion": "*akris (comparative *akrjōs, superlative *akrisemos)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "akr"
},
"name": "itc-decl-adj-i"
},
{
"args": {
"abl_pl_f": "*akriβos",
"abl_pl_m": "*akriβos",
"abl_pl_n": "*akriβos",
"abl_sg_f": "*akrīd",
"abl_sg_m": "*akrīd",
"abl_sg_n": "*akrīd",
"acc_pl_f": "*akrins",
"acc_pl_m": "*akrins",
"acc_pl_n": "*akrjā",
"acc_sg_f": "*akrim",
"acc_sg_m": "*akrim",
"acc_sg_n": "*akre",
"dat_pl_f": "*akriβos",
"dat_pl_m": "*akriβos",
"dat_pl_n": "*akriβos",
"dat_sg_f": "*akrei",
"dat_sg_m": "*akrei",
"dat_sg_n": "*akrei",
"gen_pl_f": "*akrjom",
"gen_pl_m": "*akrjom",
"gen_pl_n": "*akrjom",
"gen_sg_f": "*akreis",
"gen_sg_m": "*akreis",
"gen_sg_n": "*akrjes",
"loc_pl_f": "*akriβos",
"loc_pl_m": "*akriβos",
"loc_pl_n": "*akriβos",
"loc_sg_f": "*akrei",
"loc_sg_m": "*akrei",
"loc_sg_n": "*akrei",
"nom_pl_f": "*akrēs",
"nom_pl_m": "*akrēs",
"nom_pl_n": "*akrjā",
"nom_sg_f": "*akris",
"nom_sg_m": "*akris",
"nom_sg_n": "*akre",
"type": "i-stem",
"voc_pl_f": "*akrēs",
"voc_pl_m": "*akrēs",
"voc_pl_n": "*akrjā",
"voc_sg_f": "*akris",
"voc_sg_m": "*akris",
"voc_sg_n": "*akre"
},
"name": "itc-decl-adj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/akris",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sharp"
],
"links": [
[
"sharp",
"sharp"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"sour-tasting"
],
"links": [
[
"sour",
"sour"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "akris"
}
Download raw JSONL data for akris meaning in Proto-Italic (6.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Italic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-10-01 using wiktextract (c8bd62c and a979ada). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.