"wišás" meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian

See wišás in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *wisós. Etymology templates: {{inh|iir-pro|ine-pro|*wisós}} Proto-Indo-European *wisós Head templates: {{head|iir-pro|noun|g=m}} *wišás m Inflection templates: {{iir-decl-noun}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], wišás [nominative, singular], wišā́ [dual, nominative], wišā́ [nominative, plural], -ā́s [nominative, plural], -ā́sas [nominative, plural], wiša [singular, vocative], wišā́ [dual, vocative], wišā́ [plural, vocative], -ā́s [plural, vocative], -ā́sas [plural, vocative], wišám [accusative, singular], wišā́ [accusative, dual], wišā́ns [accusative, plural], wišā́ [instrumental, singular], wišáybʰyaH [dual, instrumental], -ā́bʰyām [dual, instrumental], wišā́yš [instrumental, plural], wišā́t [ablative, singular], wišáybʰyaH [ablative, dual], -ā́bʰyām [ablative, dual], wišáybʰyas [ablative, plural], wišā́y [dative, singular], wišáybʰyaH [dative, dual], -ā́bʰyām [dative, dual], wišáybʰyas [dative, plural], wišásya [genitive, singular], wišáyās [dual, genitive], wišā́nam [genitive, plural], wišā́naHm [genitive, plural], wišáy [locative, singular], wišáyaw [dual, locative], wišáyšu [locative, plural]
  1. poison, venom Tags: masculine, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-wišás-iir-pro-noun-K~M13QJa Categories (other): Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header

Download JSON data for wišás meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (9.6kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*wíṣas"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wíṣas",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wíṣas"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "विष",
            "tr": "víṣa"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: विष (víṣa)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: विष (víṣa)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pi",
            "2": "visa"
          },
          "expansion": "Pali: visa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pali: visa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pra-sau",
            "2": "𑀯𑀺𑀲"
          },
          "expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀲 (visa)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀲 (visa)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "विष",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Hindi: विष (viṣ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hindi: विष (viṣ) (borrowed from Sanskrit)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bn",
            "2": "বিষ"
          },
          "expansion": "Bengali: বিষ (biś)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bengali: বিষ (biś)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*wíšah"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *wíšah",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *wíšah"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ae",
            "2": "𐬬𐬌𐬱𐬀"
          },
          "expansion": "Avestan: 𐬬𐬌𐬱𐬀 (viša)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Avestan: 𐬬𐬌𐬱𐬀 (viša)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fa",
            "2": "ویش",
            "bor": "1",
            "gloss": "virus",
            "tr": "viš"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Persian: ویش (viš, “virus”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Persian: ویش (viš, “virus”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "peo",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Old Persian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Persian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Middle Persian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pal",
            "2": "𐭥(𐭩)𐭱",
            "t": "poison",
            "tr": "w(y)š",
            "ts": "wiš"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Persian: 𐭥(𐭩)𐭱 (w(y)š /⁠wiš⁠/, “poison”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "> Middle Persian: 𐭥(𐭩)𐭱 (w(y)š /⁠wiš⁠/, “poison”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xmn",
            "2": "𐫇𐫏𐫢",
            "t": "poison",
            "tr": "wyš",
            "ts": "wiš"
          },
          "expansion": "Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫇𐫏𐫢 (wyš /⁠wiš⁠/, “poison”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "> Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫇𐫏𐫢 (wyš /⁠wiš⁠/, “poison”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fa",
            "2": "بیش",
            "3": "گش",
            "gloss2": "bile, phlegm; poison",
            "t": "poison",
            "tr": "biš",
            "tr2": "goš"
          },
          "expansion": "Persian: بیش (biš, “poison”), گش (goš, “bile, phlegm; poison”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Persian: بیش (biš, “poison”), گش (goš, “bile, phlegm; poison”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-nur-pro",
            "2": "*wī́ša"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Nuristani: *wī́ša",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Nuristani: *wī́ša (< earlier *wī́sa < *wíHsas)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Northern Nuristani:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bsh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Kamkata-viri:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kamkata-viri:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xvi",
            "2": "víš"
          },
          "expansion": "Kamviri: víš",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kamviri: víš"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bsh-kat",
            "2": "víš"
          },
          "expansion": "Kativiri: víš",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kativiri: víš"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "prn",
            "2": "ǘšu"
          },
          "expansion": "Prasuni: ǘšu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Prasuni: ǘšu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Southern Nuristani:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ask",
            "2": "yós"
          },
          "expansion": "Ashkun: yós",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ashkun: yós"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wbk",
            "2": "viš"
          },
          "expansion": "Waigali: viš",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Waigali: viš"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-pro",
            "2": "*wiša",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "poison, gall, green"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Uralic: *wiša (“poison, gall, green”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Uralic: *wiša (“poison, gall, green”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mrj",
            "2": "ыжар",
            "t": "green"
          },
          "expansion": "Western Mari: ыжар (yžar, “green”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Western Mari: ыжар (yžar, “green”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mhr",
            "2": "ужар",
            "t": "green"
          },
          "expansion": "Eastern Mari: ужар (užar, “green”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Eastern Mari: ужар (užar, “green”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-mdv-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Mordvinic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "myv",
            "2": "ожо",
            "t": "yellow"
          },
          "expansion": "Erzya: ожо (ožo, “yellow”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Erzya: ожо (ožo, “yellow”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-prm-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Permic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Permic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Komi:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "koi",
            "2": "веж"
          },
          "expansion": "Komi-Permyak: веж (vež)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Komi-Permyak: веж (vež)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kpv",
            "2": "веж"
          },
          "expansion": "Komi-Zyrian: веж (vež)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Komi-Zyrian: веж (vež)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "udm",
            "2": "вож"
          },
          "expansion": "Udmurt: вож (vož)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Udmurt: вож (vož)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-fin-pro",
            "2": "*viha",
            "3": "*viherä",
            "t": "poison",
            "t2": "green"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Finnic: *viha (“poison”), *viherä (“green”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Finnic: *viha (“poison”), *viherä (“green”) (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "iir-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wisós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wisós",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *wisós.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "iir-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masculine a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišás",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ā́s",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ā́sas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wiša",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ā́s",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ā́sas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišā́ns",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišáybʰyaH",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ā́bʰyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišā́yš",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišā́t",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišáybʰyaH",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ā́bʰyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišáybʰyas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišā́y",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišáybʰyaH",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ā́bʰyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišáybʰyas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišásya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišáyās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišā́nam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišā́naHm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišáy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišáyaw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišáyšu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "iir-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "*wišás m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "iir-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
  "lang_code": "iir-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/wišás",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "poison, venom"
      ],
      "id": "en-wišás-iir-pro-noun-K~M13QJa",
      "links": [
        [
          "poison",
          "poison"
        ],
        [
          "venom",
          "venom"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "wišás"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*wíṣas"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wíṣas",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wíṣas"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "विष",
            "tr": "víṣa"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: विष (víṣa)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: विष (víṣa)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pi",
            "2": "visa"
          },
          "expansion": "Pali: visa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pali: visa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pra-sau",
            "2": "𑀯𑀺𑀲"
          },
          "expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀲 (visa)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀲 (visa)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "विष",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Hindi: विष (viṣ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Hindi: विष (viṣ) (borrowed from Sanskrit)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bn",
            "2": "বিষ"
          },
          "expansion": "Bengali: বিষ (biś)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Bengali: বিষ (biś)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*wíšah"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *wíšah",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *wíšah"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ae",
            "2": "𐬬𐬌𐬱𐬀"
          },
          "expansion": "Avestan: 𐬬𐬌𐬱𐬀 (viša)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Avestan: 𐬬𐬌𐬱𐬀 (viša)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fa",
            "2": "ویش",
            "bor": "1",
            "gloss": "virus",
            "tr": "viš"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Persian: ویش (viš, “virus”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Persian: ویش (viš, “virus”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "peo",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Old Persian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Persian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Middle Persian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pal",
            "2": "𐭥(𐭩)𐭱",
            "t": "poison",
            "tr": "w(y)š",
            "ts": "wiš"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Persian: 𐭥(𐭩)𐭱 (w(y)š /⁠wiš⁠/, “poison”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "> Middle Persian: 𐭥(𐭩)𐭱 (w(y)š /⁠wiš⁠/, “poison”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xmn",
            "2": "𐫇𐫏𐫢",
            "t": "poison",
            "tr": "wyš",
            "ts": "wiš"
          },
          "expansion": "Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫇𐫏𐫢 (wyš /⁠wiš⁠/, “poison”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "> Manichaean Middle Persian: 𐫇𐫏𐫢 (wyš /⁠wiš⁠/, “poison”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fa",
            "2": "بیش",
            "3": "گش",
            "gloss2": "bile, phlegm; poison",
            "t": "poison",
            "tr": "biš",
            "tr2": "goš"
          },
          "expansion": "Persian: بیش (biš, “poison”), گش (goš, “bile, phlegm; poison”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Persian: بیش (biš, “poison”), گش (goš, “bile, phlegm; poison”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-nur-pro",
            "2": "*wī́ša"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Nuristani: *wī́ša",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Nuristani: *wī́ša (< earlier *wī́sa < *wíHsas)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Northern Nuristani:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bsh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Kamkata-viri:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kamkata-viri:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xvi",
            "2": "víš"
          },
          "expansion": "Kamviri: víš",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kamviri: víš"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bsh-kat",
            "2": "víš"
          },
          "expansion": "Kativiri: víš",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kativiri: víš"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "prn",
            "2": "ǘšu"
          },
          "expansion": "Prasuni: ǘšu",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Prasuni: ǘšu"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Southern Nuristani:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ask",
            "2": "yós"
          },
          "expansion": "Ashkun: yós",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ashkun: yós"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wbk",
            "2": "viš"
          },
          "expansion": "Waigali: viš",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Waigali: viš"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-pro",
            "2": "*wiša",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "poison, gall, green"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Uralic: *wiša (“poison, gall, green”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Uralic: *wiša (“poison, gall, green”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mrj",
            "2": "ыжар",
            "t": "green"
          },
          "expansion": "Western Mari: ыжар (yžar, “green”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Western Mari: ыжар (yžar, “green”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "mhr",
            "2": "ужар",
            "t": "green"
          },
          "expansion": "Eastern Mari: ужар (užar, “green”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Eastern Mari: ужар (užar, “green”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-mdv-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Mordvinic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Mordvinic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "myv",
            "2": "ожо",
            "t": "yellow"
          },
          "expansion": "Erzya: ожо (ožo, “yellow”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Erzya: ожо (ožo, “yellow”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-prm-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Permic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Permic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Komi:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "koi",
            "2": "веж"
          },
          "expansion": "Komi-Permyak: веж (vež)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Komi-Permyak: веж (vež)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kpv",
            "2": "веж"
          },
          "expansion": "Komi-Zyrian: веж (vež)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Komi-Zyrian: веж (vež)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "udm",
            "2": "вож"
          },
          "expansion": "Udmurt: вож (vož)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Udmurt: вож (vož)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-fin-pro",
            "2": "*viha",
            "3": "*viherä",
            "t": "poison",
            "t2": "green"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Finnic: *viha (“poison”), *viherä (“green”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Finnic: *viha (“poison”), *viherä (“green”) (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "iir-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*wisós"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wisós",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *wisós.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "iir-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masculine a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišás",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ā́s",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ā́sas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wiša",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ā́s",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ā́sas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišā́ns",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišā́",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišáybʰyaH",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ā́bʰyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišā́yš",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišā́t",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišáybʰyaH",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ā́bʰyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišáybʰyas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišā́y",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišáybʰyaH",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ā́bʰyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišáybʰyas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišásya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišáyās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišā́nam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišā́naHm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišáy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišáyaw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wišáyšu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "iir-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "*wišás m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "iir-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
  "lang_code": "iir-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/wišás",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Indo-Iranian a-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
        "Proto-Indo-Iranian masculine nouns",
        "Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns",
        "Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "poison, venom"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "poison",
          "poison"
        ],
        [
          "venom",
          "venom"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "wišás"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (1b9bfc5 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.