See takrám in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*takrám"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *takrám",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *takrám"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तक्र",
"tr": "takrá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: तक्र (takrá)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: तक्र (takrá) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*taxrám",
"alt": "*taxrám ~ *taxlám"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *taxrám ~ *taxlám",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *taxrám ~ *taxlám"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hac",
"2": "تاڵ",
"3": "تاڵ",
"tr": "tāł",
"tr2": "tāła"
},
"expansion": "Gurani: تاڵ (tāł), تاڵ (tāła)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurani: تاڵ (tāł), تاڵ (tāła)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"tr": "tʾhl",
"ts": "taxl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (tʾhl /taxl/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (tʾhl /taxl/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "تلخ",
"t": "bitter",
"tr": "talx"
},
"expansion": "Persian: تلخ (talx, “bitter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: تلخ (talx, “bitter”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "तल्ख़",
"bor": "1",
"t": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindi: तल्ख़ (talx, “bitter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindi: तल्ख़ (talx, “bitter”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tg",
"2": "талх",
"t": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Tajik: талх (talx, “bitter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tajik: талх (talx, “bitter”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "tehl"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: tehl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: tehl, te’l, tal (“bitter”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "تاڵ",
"t": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: تاڵ (tall, “bitter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: تاڵ (tall, “bitter”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdh",
"2": "تیەڵ",
"t": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Southern Kurdish: تیەڵ (tyell, “bitter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Kurdish: تیەڵ (tyell, “bitter”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lki",
"2": "تەڵ",
"t": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Laki: تەڵ (tell, “bitter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Laki: تەڵ (tell, “bitter”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "ta’l",
"t": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: ta’l (“bitter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: ta’l (“bitter”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ténkl̥-",
"4": "*tn̥k-ló-",
"5": "buttermilk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tn̥k-ló- (“buttermilk”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þēl"
},
"expansion": "Old English þēl",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *tn̥k-ló- (“buttermilk”). Compare Old English þēl.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "neuter a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "takrám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "takráy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "takráH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "takrám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "takráy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "takráH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "takrám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "takráy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "takráH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "takrā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "takráybʰyaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ā́bʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "takrā́yš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "takrā́t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "takráybʰyaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ā́bʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "takráybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "takrā́y",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "takráybʰyaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ā́bʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "takráybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "takrásya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "takráyās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "takrā́nam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "takrā́naHm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "takráy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "takráyaw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "takráyšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*takrám n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/takrám",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"buttermilk"
],
"id": "en-takrám-iir-pro-noun-HcG8DYF2",
"links": [
[
"buttermilk",
"buttermilk"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "takrám"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*takrám"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *takrám",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *takrám"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तक्र",
"tr": "takrá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: तक्र (takrá)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: तक्र (takrá) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*taxrám",
"alt": "*taxrám ~ *taxlám"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *taxrám ~ *taxlám",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *taxrám ~ *taxlám"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hac",
"2": "تاڵ",
"3": "تاڵ",
"tr": "tāł",
"tr2": "tāła"
},
"expansion": "Gurani: تاڵ (tāł), تاڵ (tāła)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurani: تاڵ (tāł), تاڵ (tāła)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"tr": "tʾhl",
"ts": "taxl"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (tʾhl /taxl/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (tʾhl /taxl/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "تلخ",
"t": "bitter",
"tr": "talx"
},
"expansion": "Persian: تلخ (talx, “bitter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: تلخ (talx, “bitter”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "तल्ख़",
"bor": "1",
"t": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "→ Hindi: तल्ख़ (talx, “bitter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hindi: तल्ख़ (talx, “bitter”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tg",
"2": "талх",
"t": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Tajik: талх (talx, “bitter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tajik: талх (talx, “bitter”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "tehl"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: tehl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: tehl, te’l, tal (“bitter”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "تاڵ",
"t": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: تاڵ (tall, “bitter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: تاڵ (tall, “bitter”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdh",
"2": "تیەڵ",
"t": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Southern Kurdish: تیەڵ (tyell, “bitter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Kurdish: تیەڵ (tyell, “bitter”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lki",
"2": "تەڵ",
"t": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Laki: تەڵ (tell, “bitter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Laki: تەڵ (tell, “bitter”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "ta’l",
"t": "bitter"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: ta’l (“bitter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: ta’l (“bitter”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ténkl̥-",
"4": "*tn̥k-ló-",
"5": "buttermilk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tn̥k-ló- (“buttermilk”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "þēl"
},
"expansion": "Old English þēl",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *tn̥k-ló- (“buttermilk”). Compare Old English þēl.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "neuter a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "takrám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "takráy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "takráH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "takrám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "takráy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "takráH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "takrám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "takráy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "takráH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "takrā́",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "takráybʰyaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ā́bʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "takrā́yš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "takrā́t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "takráybʰyaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ā́bʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "takráybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "takrā́y",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "takráybʰyaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ā́bʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "takráybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "takrásya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "takráyās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "takrā́nam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "takrā́naHm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "takráy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "takráyaw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "takráyšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*takrám n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/takrám",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian neuter nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"buttermilk"
],
"links": [
[
"buttermilk",
"buttermilk"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "takrám"
}
Download raw JSONL data for takrám meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (6.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (32c88e6 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.