See tŕ̥nam in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*tŕ̥nam",
"t": "grass"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tŕ̥nam (“grass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tŕ̥nam (“grass”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तृण",
"tr": "tṛ́ṇa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: तृण (tṛ́ṇa)\nDardic:\n⇒ Kashmiri: ٹنکا (tinka)\nNorthwest Pashayi: ٹرین (trīn)\nHelu Prakrit:\nDhivehi: ތިނަ (tina)\nSinhalese: තණ (taṇa)\nMagadhi Prakrit: 𑀢𑀡 (taṇa), 𑀢𑀺𑀡 (tiṇa)\n⇒ Bengali: তিনকা (tinoka, “morsel”)\n⇒ Bihari: तिनका (tinkā, “piece of leaf fiber”)\nMaithili: तनिक (tanik)\nOdia: ଟିଣା (ṭiṇā)\nMaharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑀡 (taṇa), 𑀢𑀺𑀡 (tiṇa)\nKonkani: तण (taṇ)\nMarathi: तण (taṇ)\nPali: tiṇa\nSauraseni Prakrit: 𑀢𑀡 (taṇa), 𑀢𑀺𑀡 (tiṇa)\n⇒ Garhwali: तिण्कु (tiṇku)\nGujarati: તરણ (taraṇ), ત્રણું (traṇũ)\n⇒ Hindi: तिनका (tinkā)\nKumaoni: तिण (tiṇ)\n⇒ Nepali: तेन्द्रो (tendro), त्यान्द्रो (tyāndro)\nPunjabi: ਤਿਣ (tiṇ), ਤਿਣਾ (tiṇā, “piece of leaf”)\nRomani: ćar",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: तृण (tṛ́ṇa)\nDardic:\n⇒ Kashmiri: ٹنکا (tinka)\nNorthwest Pashayi: ٹرین (trīn)\nHelu Prakrit:\nDhivehi: ތިނަ (tina)\nSinhalese: තණ (taṇa)\nMagadhi Prakrit: 𑀢𑀡 (taṇa), 𑀢𑀺𑀡 (tiṇa)\n⇒ Bengali: তিনকা (tinoka, “morsel”)\n⇒ Bihari: तिनका (tinkā, “piece of leaf fiber”)\nMaithili: तनिक (tanik)\nOdia: ଟିଣା (ṭiṇā)\nMaharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑀡 (taṇa), 𑀢𑀺𑀡 (tiṇa)\nKonkani: तण (taṇ)\nMarathi: तण (taṇ)\nPali: tiṇa\nSauraseni Prakrit: 𑀢𑀡 (taṇa), 𑀢𑀺𑀡 (tiṇa)\n⇒ Garhwali: तिण्कु (tiṇku)\nGujarati: તરણ (taraṇ), ત્રણું (traṇũ)\n⇒ Hindi: तिनका (tinkā)\nKumaoni: तिण (tiṇ)\n⇒ Nepali: तेन्द्रो (tendro), त्यान्द्रो (tyāndro)\nPunjabi: ਤਿਣ (tiṇ), ਤਿਣਾ (tiṇā, “piece of leaf”)\nRomani: ćar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-nur-pro",
"2": "*tr̥ná",
"t": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Nuristani: *tr̥ná (“thorn”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Nuristani: *tr̥ná (“thorn”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Nuristani:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Kamkata-viri:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kamkata-viri:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xvi",
"2": "taňí"
},
"expansion": "Kamviri: taňí",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kamviri: taňí"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh-kat",
"2": "taí"
},
"expansion": "Kativiri: taí",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kativiri: taí"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ter-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tŕ̥nom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tŕ̥nom",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *tŕ̥nom, nominalization of *tr̥nós (“sharp, stiff”), from *(s)ter- (“stiff”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "neuter a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "nám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "náy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "náH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "náy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "náH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "nám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "náy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "náH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "náH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "náybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "náybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "nā́yš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nā́t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "náybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "náybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "náybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nā́y",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "náybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "náybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "náybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "násya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "náyās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "nā́naHam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "náy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "náyaw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "náyšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*tŕ̥nam n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/tŕ̥nam",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"blade of grass"
],
"id": "en-tŕ̥nam-iir-pro-noun-iNVYX4ze",
"links": [
[
"blade",
"blade"
],
[
"grass",
"grass"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"grass"
],
"id": "en-tŕ̥nam-iir-pro-noun-9sxbCFth",
"links": [
[
"grass",
"grass"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 12 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 7 75",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "11 4 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"thorn"
],
"id": "en-tŕ̥nam-iir-pro-noun-BJruvsjr",
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tŕ̥nam"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian neuter nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)ter-",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*tŕ̥nam",
"t": "grass"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tŕ̥nam (“grass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *tŕ̥nam (“grass”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "तृण",
"tr": "tṛ́ṇa"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: तृण (tṛ́ṇa)\nDardic:\n⇒ Kashmiri: ٹنکا (tinka)\nNorthwest Pashayi: ٹرین (trīn)\nHelu Prakrit:\nDhivehi: ތިނަ (tina)\nSinhalese: තණ (taṇa)\nMagadhi Prakrit: 𑀢𑀡 (taṇa), 𑀢𑀺𑀡 (tiṇa)\n⇒ Bengali: তিনকা (tinoka, “morsel”)\n⇒ Bihari: तिनका (tinkā, “piece of leaf fiber”)\nMaithili: तनिक (tanik)\nOdia: ଟିଣା (ṭiṇā)\nMaharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑀡 (taṇa), 𑀢𑀺𑀡 (tiṇa)\nKonkani: तण (taṇ)\nMarathi: तण (taṇ)\nPali: tiṇa\nSauraseni Prakrit: 𑀢𑀡 (taṇa), 𑀢𑀺𑀡 (tiṇa)\n⇒ Garhwali: तिण्कु (tiṇku)\nGujarati: તરણ (taraṇ), ત્રણું (traṇũ)\n⇒ Hindi: तिनका (tinkā)\nKumaoni: तिण (tiṇ)\n⇒ Nepali: तेन्द्रो (tendro), त्यान्द्रो (tyāndro)\nPunjabi: ਤਿਣ (tiṇ), ਤਿਣਾ (tiṇā, “piece of leaf”)\nRomani: ćar",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: तृण (tṛ́ṇa)\nDardic:\n⇒ Kashmiri: ٹنکا (tinka)\nNorthwest Pashayi: ٹرین (trīn)\nHelu Prakrit:\nDhivehi: ތިނަ (tina)\nSinhalese: තණ (taṇa)\nMagadhi Prakrit: 𑀢𑀡 (taṇa), 𑀢𑀺𑀡 (tiṇa)\n⇒ Bengali: তিনকা (tinoka, “morsel”)\n⇒ Bihari: तिनका (tinkā, “piece of leaf fiber”)\nMaithili: तनिक (tanik)\nOdia: ଟିଣା (ṭiṇā)\nMaharastri Prakrit: 𑀢𑀡 (taṇa), 𑀢𑀺𑀡 (tiṇa)\nKonkani: तण (taṇ)\nMarathi: तण (taṇ)\nPali: tiṇa\nSauraseni Prakrit: 𑀢𑀡 (taṇa), 𑀢𑀺𑀡 (tiṇa)\n⇒ Garhwali: तिण्कु (tiṇku)\nGujarati: તરણ (taraṇ), ત્રણું (traṇũ)\n⇒ Hindi: तिनका (tinkā)\nKumaoni: तिण (tiṇ)\n⇒ Nepali: तेन्द्रो (tendro), त्यान्द्रो (tyāndro)\nPunjabi: ਤਿਣ (tiṇ), ਤਿਣਾ (tiṇā, “piece of leaf”)\nRomani: ćar"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-nur-pro",
"2": "*tr̥ná",
"t": "thorn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Nuristani: *tr̥ná (“thorn”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Nuristani: *tr̥ná (“thorn”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Nuristani:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Kamkata-viri:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kamkata-viri:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xvi",
"2": "taňí"
},
"expansion": "Kamviri: taňí",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kamviri: taňí"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh-kat",
"2": "taí"
},
"expansion": "Kativiri: taí",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kativiri: taí"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)ter-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*tŕ̥nom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tŕ̥nom",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *tŕ̥nom, nominalization of *tr̥nós (“sharp, stiff”), from *(s)ter- (“stiff”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "neuter a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "nám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "náy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "náH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "náy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "náH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "nám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "náy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "náH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "náH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "náybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "náybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "nā́yš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nā́t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "náybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "náybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "náybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "nā́y",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "náybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "náybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "náybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "násya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "náyās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "nā́naHam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "náy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "náyaw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "náyšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*tŕ̥nam n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "n"
},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/tŕ̥nam",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"blade of grass"
],
"links": [
[
"blade",
"blade"
],
[
"grass",
"grass"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"grass"
],
"links": [
[
"grass",
"grass"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"thorn"
],
"links": [
[
"thorn",
"thorn"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "tŕ̥nam"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tŕ̥nam meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (6.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.