See támHas in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "támas",
"word": "तमस्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*támHas"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "təmah",
"word": "𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬵"
},
{
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ckb",
"roman": "tem",
"sense": "darkness, fog",
"word": "تەم"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "tam",
"sense": "darkness, blackness, cataract",
"word": "تم"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"sense": "darkness",
"word": "t(w)m"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*támHah"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-pro:*témHos<id:darkness>",
"id": "darkness"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*témHos",
"4": "*témH-os"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *témH-os",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *témH-os ~ *témH-es-os.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "as-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "neuter as-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "támHas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "támHasiH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "támHās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "támHas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "támHasiH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "támHās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "támHas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "támHasiH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "támHās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "támHasaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "támHazbʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "támHazbʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "támHazbʰiš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "támHasas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "támHazbʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "támHazbʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "támHazbʰyas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "támHasay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "támHazbʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "támHazbʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "támHazbʰyas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "támHasas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "támHasHās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "támHasaHam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "támHasi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "támHasHaw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "támHasu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*támHas n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"stem": "s"
},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/támHas",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "dark",
"translation": "dark",
"word": "tamHasás"
},
{
"alt": "contamination with *támHsram",
"english": "darkness",
"translation": "darkness",
"word": "tamHásriH"
},
{
"word": "támHaswāns"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness"
],
"id": "en-támHas-iir-pro-noun-FCcr02HJ",
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "támHas"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "dark",
"translation": "dark",
"word": "tamHasás"
},
{
"alt": "contamination with *támHsram",
"english": "darkness",
"translation": "darkness",
"word": "tamHásriH"
},
{
"word": "támHaswāns"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "támas",
"word": "तमस्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*támHas"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "təmah",
"word": "𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬵"
},
{
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ckb",
"roman": "tem",
"sense": "darkness, fog",
"word": "تەم"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "tam",
"sense": "darkness, blackness, cataract",
"word": "تم"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"sense": "darkness",
"word": "t(w)m"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*támHah"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-pro:*témHos<id:darkness>",
"id": "darkness"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*témHos",
"4": "*témH-os"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *témH-os",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *témH-os ~ *témH-es-os.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "as-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "neuter as-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "támHas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "támHasiH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "támHās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "támHas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "támHasiH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "támHās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "támHas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "támHasiH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "támHās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "támHasaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "támHazbʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "támHazbʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "támHazbʰiš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "támHasas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "támHazbʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "támHazbʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "támHazbʰyas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "támHasay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "támHazbʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "támHazbʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "támHazbʰyas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "támHasas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "támHasHās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "támHasaHam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "támHasi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "támHasHaw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "támHasu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*támHas n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"stem": "s"
},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/támHas",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian as-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian neuter nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *temH-",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"iir-pro:Light"
],
"glosses": [
"darkness"
],
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "támHas"
}
Download raw JSONL data for támHas meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (4.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-11-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-11-01 using wiktextract (1db9922 and 2de17fa). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.