See swap- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*swap-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swap-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swap-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्वप्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: स्वप् (svap)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: स्वप् (svap)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*hwápati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *hwápati\nNorthern Kurdish: xew (“sleep”)\nMiddle Persian: hwʾb (xvāb)\nPersian: خواب (xvâb, xâb)\n→ Urdu: خواب (xvāb)\nLurish:\nNorthern Luri: خاو (xāw)\nNahavandi: خۋ (xü)\nBakhtiari: خٱو (xaw)\nSouthern Luri: خٱو (xaw)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *hwápati\nNorthern Kurdish: xew (“sleep”)\nMiddle Persian: hwʾb (xvāb)\nPersian: خواب (xvâb, xâb)\n→ Urdu: خواب (xvāb)\nLurish:\nNorthern Luri: خاو (xāw)\nNahavandi: خۋ (xü)\nBakhtiari: خٱو (xaw)\nSouthern Luri: خٱو (xaw)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swápati"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*swápati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swápati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swápati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa-ved",
"2": "स्वपति",
"tr": "svápati"
},
"expansion": "Vedic Sanskrit: स्वपति (svápati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vedic Sanskrit: स्वपति (svápati)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa-cls",
"2": "स्वपिति",
"tr": "svápiti"
},
"expansion": "Classical Sanskrit: स्वपिति (svápiti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Sanskrit: स्वपिति (svápiti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swápnas (“dream”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ine-pro>*swep->sleep",
"id": "sleep",
"pos": "root",
"text": "-"
},
"expansion": "From Proto-Indo-European *swep-.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *swep-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "root"
},
"expansion": "*swap-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/swap-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sleep, to sleep"
],
"id": "en-swap--iir-pro-root-3aW4Hj9V",
"links": [
[
"sleep",
"sleep"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [
"Entries with etymology texts",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dreaming"
],
"id": "en-swap--iir-pro-root-DslRBi7S",
"links": [
[
"dreaming",
"dreaming"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "swap-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with etymology texts",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian roots",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *swep-",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*swap-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swap-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swap-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्वप्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: स्वप् (svap)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: स्वप् (svap)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*hwápati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *hwápati\nNorthern Kurdish: xew (“sleep”)\nMiddle Persian: hwʾb (xvāb)\nPersian: خواب (xvâb, xâb)\n→ Urdu: خواب (xvāb)\nLurish:\nNorthern Luri: خاو (xāw)\nNahavandi: خۋ (xü)\nBakhtiari: خٱو (xaw)\nSouthern Luri: خٱو (xaw)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *hwápati\nNorthern Kurdish: xew (“sleep”)\nMiddle Persian: hwʾb (xvāb)\nPersian: خواب (xvâb, xâb)\n→ Urdu: خواب (xvāb)\nLurish:\nNorthern Luri: خاو (xāw)\nNahavandi: خۋ (xü)\nBakhtiari: خٱو (xaw)\nSouthern Luri: خٱو (xaw)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swápati"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*swápati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swápati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swápati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa-ved",
"2": "स्वपति",
"tr": "svápati"
},
"expansion": "Vedic Sanskrit: स्वपति (svápati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Vedic Sanskrit: स्वपति (svápati)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa-cls",
"2": "स्वपिति",
"tr": "svápiti"
},
"expansion": "Classical Sanskrit: स्वपिति (svápiti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Sanskrit: स्वपिति (svápiti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*swápnas (“dream”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ine-pro>*swep->sleep",
"id": "sleep",
"pos": "root",
"text": "-"
},
"expansion": "From Proto-Indo-European *swep-.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *swep-.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "root"
},
"expansion": "*swap-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/swap-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sleep, to sleep"
],
"links": [
[
"sleep",
"sleep"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dreaming"
],
"links": [
[
"dreaming",
"dreaming"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "swap-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for swap- meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (2.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (813e02a and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.