See swápnas in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*swápnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swápnas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swápnas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्वप्न",
"tr": "svápna"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: स्वप्न (svápna)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: स्वप्न (svápna) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*hwáfnah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *hwáfnah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *hwáfnah"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬥𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬥𐬀 (xᵛafna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬥𐬀 (xᵛafna)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hac",
"2": "وەرم",
"t": "dream, sleep",
"ts": "warm"
},
"expansion": "Gurani: وەرم (werm /warm/, “dream, sleep”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurani: وەرم (werm /warm/, “dream, sleep”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os-dig",
"2": "фун"
},
"expansion": "Digor Ossetian: фун (fun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Digor Ossetian: фун (fun)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os-iro",
"2": "фын"
},
"expansion": "Iron Ossetian: фын (fyn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Iron Ossetian: фын (fyn)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"tr": "hvana"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: [script needed] (hvana)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: [script needed] (hvana)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "xewn",
"t": "dream",
"ts": "xawn"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: xewn (/xawn/, “dream”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: xewn (/xawn/, “dream”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"t": "dream, sleep",
"tr": "xwmn",
"ts": "xwamn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (xwmn /xwamn/, “dream, sleep”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (xwmn /xwamn/, “dream, sleep”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "همن",
"3": "هومن",
"t": "dream; sleep",
"tr": "human",
"tr2": "hawman ~ huwman ~ hōman"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian: همن (human, “dream; sleep”), هومن (hawman ~ huwman ~ hōman)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "only in Zoroastrian texts"
},
"expansion": "(only in Zoroastrian texts)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Classical Persian: همن (human, “dream; sleep”), هومن (hawman ~ huwman ~ hōman) (only in Zoroastrian texts)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"t": "sleep",
"tr": "xwmr",
"ts": "xwamr"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: [script needed] (xwmr /xwamr/, “sleep”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: [script needed] (xwmr /xwamr/, “sleep”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "siy",
"2": "فرم",
"t": "sleep",
"tr": "färm"
},
"expansion": "Sivandi: فرم (färm, “sleep”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sivandi: فرم (färm, “sleep”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "hewn",
"t": "dream, sleep",
"ts": "hawn"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: hewn (/hawn/, “dream, sleep”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: hewn (/hawn/, “dream, sleep”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ine-pro>*swépnos>sleep",
"id": "sleep",
"text": "-",
"tree": "++"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *swep-\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *swépnos\nProto-Indo-Iranian *swápnas\nFrom Proto-Indo-European *swépnos.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *swep-\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *swépnos\nProto-Indo-Iranian *swápnas\nFrom Proto-Indo-European *swépnos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnāw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnāsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swápna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnāw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnāsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnāw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnāns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnaybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnaybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnāyš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnaybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnaybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnaybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnāy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnaybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnaybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnaybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnayās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnānaHam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnayaw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnayšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*swápnas m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/swápnas",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sleep, sleeping"
],
"id": "en-swápnas-iir-pro-noun-gWknKIGf",
"links": [
[
"sleep",
"sleep"
],
[
"sleeping",
"sleeping"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 88",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 91",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dreaming"
],
"id": "en-swápnas-iir-pro-noun-DslRBi7S",
"links": [
[
"dreaming",
"dreaming"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "swápnas"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with etymology texts",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with etymology trees",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *swep-",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*swápnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swápnas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swápnas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "स्वप्न",
"tr": "svápna"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: स्वप्न (svápna)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: स्वप्न (svápna) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*hwáfnah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *hwáfnah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *hwáfnah"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬥𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬥𐬀 (xᵛafna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬟𐬥𐬀 (xᵛafna)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hac",
"2": "وەرم",
"t": "dream, sleep",
"ts": "warm"
},
"expansion": "Gurani: وەرم (werm /warm/, “dream, sleep”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurani: وەرم (werm /warm/, “dream, sleep”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os-dig",
"2": "фун"
},
"expansion": "Digor Ossetian: фун (fun)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Digor Ossetian: фун (fun)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os-iro",
"2": "фын"
},
"expansion": "Iron Ossetian: фын (fyn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Iron Ossetian: фын (fyn)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"tr": "hvana"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: [script needed] (hvana)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: [script needed] (hvana)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "xewn",
"t": "dream",
"ts": "xawn"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: xewn (/xawn/, “dream”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: xewn (/xawn/, “dream”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"t": "dream, sleep",
"tr": "xwmn",
"ts": "xwamn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (xwmn /xwamn/, “dream, sleep”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (xwmn /xwamn/, “dream, sleep”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "همن",
"3": "هومن",
"t": "dream; sleep",
"tr": "human",
"tr2": "hawman ~ huwman ~ hōman"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian: همن (human, “dream; sleep”), هومن (hawman ~ huwman ~ hōman)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "only in Zoroastrian texts"
},
"expansion": "(only in Zoroastrian texts)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Classical Persian: همن (human, “dream; sleep”), هومن (hawman ~ huwman ~ hōman) (only in Zoroastrian texts)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"t": "sleep",
"tr": "xwmr",
"ts": "xwamr"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: [script needed] (xwmr /xwamr/, “sleep”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: [script needed] (xwmr /xwamr/, “sleep”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "siy",
"2": "فرم",
"t": "sleep",
"tr": "färm"
},
"expansion": "Sivandi: فرم (färm, “sleep”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sivandi: فرم (färm, “sleep”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "hewn",
"t": "dream, sleep",
"ts": "hawn"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: hewn (/hawn/, “dream, sleep”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: hewn (/hawn/, “dream, sleep”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "inh",
"3": "ine-pro>*swépnos>sleep",
"id": "sleep",
"text": "-",
"tree": "++"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *swep-\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *swépnos\nProto-Indo-Iranian *swápnas\nFrom Proto-Indo-European *swépnos.",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *swep-\nProto-Indo-European *-nós\nProto-Indo-European *swépnos\nProto-Indo-Iranian *swápnas\nFrom Proto-Indo-European *swépnos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnāw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnāsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swápna",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnāw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnāsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnāw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnāns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnaybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnaybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnāyš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnaybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnaybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnaybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnāy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnaybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnaybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnaybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnayās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnānaHam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnayaw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "swápnayšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*swápnas m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/swápnas",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"sleep, sleeping"
],
"links": [
[
"sleep",
"sleep"
],
[
"sleeping",
"sleeping"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"dreaming"
],
"links": [
[
"dreaming",
"dreaming"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "swápnas"
}
Download raw JSONL data for swápnas meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (7.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (074e7de and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.