See pʰáynas in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"alt": "*pʰáynas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pʰáynas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pʰáynas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "फेन",
"g": "m,n",
"t": "foam",
"tr": "phéna"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: फेन m or n (phéna, “foam”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: फेन m or n (phéna, “foam”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*fáynah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *fáynah",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *fáynah (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)poH(y)-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)pHóy-(m)no-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)pHóy-(m)no-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)poH(y)-",
"3": "*-mn̥",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "*(s)poH(y)- + *-mn̥",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)pHóy-(m)no-s, likely rebuilt from an n-stem, perhaps mn-stem *(s)péHi-mn̥ ~ *(s)pHi-mén-s, from *(s)poH(y)- + *-mn̥.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynāw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynāsas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáyna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynāw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynāsas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynāw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynāns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynaybʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynaybʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynāyš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynāt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynaybʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynaybʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynaybʰyas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynāy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynaybʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynaybʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynaybʰyas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynasya",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynayās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynānaHam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynayaw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynayšu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*pʰáynas m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/pʰáynas",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"foam, froth"
],
"id": "en-pʰáynas-iir-pro-noun-wJk6eQaN",
"links": [
[
"foam",
"foam"
],
[
"froth",
"froth"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"saliva, mucus"
],
"id": "en-pʰáynas-iir-pro-noun-Q9uG34ab",
"links": [
[
"saliva",
"saliva"
],
[
"mucus",
"mucus"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Mate Kapović"
],
"word": "pʰáynas"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)poH(y)-",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"alt": "*pʰáynas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pʰáynas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pʰáynas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "फेन",
"g": "m,n",
"t": "foam",
"tr": "phéna"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: फेन m or n (phéna, “foam”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: फेन m or n (phéna, “foam”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*fáynah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *fáynah",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *fáynah (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)poH(y)-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)pHóy-(m)no-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)pHóy-(m)no-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*(s)poH(y)-",
"3": "*-mn̥",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "*(s)poH(y)- + *-mn̥",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(s)pHóy-(m)no-s, likely rebuilt from an n-stem, perhaps mn-stem *(s)péHi-mn̥ ~ *(s)pHi-mén-s, from *(s)poH(y)- + *-mn̥.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynāw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynāsas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáyna",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynāw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynāsas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynāw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynāns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynaybʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynaybʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynāyš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynāt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynaybʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynaybʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynaybʰyas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynāy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynaybʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynaybʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynaybʰyas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynasya",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynayās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynānaHam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynay",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynayaw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pʰáynayšu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*pʰáynas m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/pʰáynas",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"foam, froth"
],
"links": [
[
"foam",
"foam"
],
[
"froth",
"froth"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"saliva, mucus"
],
"links": [
[
"saliva",
"saliva"
],
[
"mucus",
"mucus"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Mate Kapović"
],
"word": "pʰáynas"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pʰáynas meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (5.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (45c4a21 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.