See kŕ̥miš in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kŕ̥miṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kŕ̥miṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kŕ̥miṣ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कृमि",
"tr": "kṛ́mi"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कृमि (kṛ́mi)\nPali: kimi\nPunjabi: ਕਿਰਮ (kiram, “worm, slug, maggot”)\nOdia: କୃମି (krumi)\nBengali: ক্রিমি (krimi)\nBengali: কির্মি (kirmi)\nSinhalese: කිමියා (kimiyā)\n→ Malayalam: കൃമി (kr̥mi)\n→ Tamil: கிருமி (kirumi)\n→ Telugu: క్రిమి (krimi)\n→ Indonesian: keremi\n>? Romani: kirmo, kermo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कृमि (kṛ́mi)\nPali: kimi\nPunjabi: ਕਿਰਮ (kiram, “worm, slug, maggot”)\nOdia: କୃମି (krumi)\nBengali: ক্রিমি (krimi)\nBengali: কির্মি (kirmi)\nSinhalese: කිමියා (kimiyā)\n→ Malayalam: കൃമി (kr̥mi)\n→ Tamil: கிருமி (kirumi)\n→ Telugu: క్రిమి (krimi)\n→ Indonesian: keremi\n>? Romani: kirmo, kermo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*kŕ̥miš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *kŕ̥miš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *kŕ̥miš"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬁"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬁 (kər^əmā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬁 (kər^əmā)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "калм",
"gloss": "worm, small snake"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: калм (kalm, “worm, small snake”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: калм (kalm, “worm, small snake”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "ܟܝܪܡ",
"gloss": "snake",
"tr": "kirm"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: ܟܝܪܡ (kirm, “snake”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: ܟܝܪܡ (kirm, “snake”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "کرم",
"tr": "kirm"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi: کرم (kirm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi: کرم (kirm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "kirm"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: kirm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: kirm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-old",
"2": "*kr̥miš"
},
"expansion": "Old Median: *kr̥miš",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Median: *kr̥miš (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫐𐫡𐫖",
"gloss": "shooting star",
"tr": "kirm"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: 𐫐𐫡𐫖 (kirm, “shooting star”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: 𐫐𐫡𐫖 (kirm, “shooting star”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Zaza-Gurani:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hac",
"2": "کرمی",
"tr": "kirmī"
},
"expansion": "Gurani: کرمی (kirmī)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurani: کرمی (kirmī)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "kermî",
"alt": "kerm(î)",
"tr": "karm(ī)"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: kerm(î) (karm(ī))",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: kerm(î) (karm(ī))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎣𐎼𐎷𐏁",
"ts": "*kármiš"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎣𐎼𐎷𐏁 (k-r-mi-š /*kármiš/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎣𐎼𐎷𐏁 (k-r-mi-š /*kármiš/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"ts": "kirm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (/kirm/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/kirm/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫐𐫡𐫖",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫐𐫡𐫖 (krm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫐𐫡𐫖 (krm)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "klm"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (klm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (klm)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷŕ̥mis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷŕ̥mis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kirmis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kirmis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷrimis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kʷrimis",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *kʷŕ̥mis. Cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *kirmis, Proto-Celtic *kʷrimis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥miš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥miH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mayas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥may",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥miH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mayas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥miH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mīn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-īš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥miH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mibʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mibʰiš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mayš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mibʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mibʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mayay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mibʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mibʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mayš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥myawš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mayām?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mā?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥māw?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥myawš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mišu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*kŕ̥miš m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/kŕ̥miš",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"worm"
],
"id": "en-kŕ̥miš-iir-pro-noun-ua8Xr0~F",
"links": [
[
"worm",
"worm"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kŕ̥miš"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kŕ̥miṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kŕ̥miṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kŕ̥miṣ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कृमि",
"tr": "kṛ́mi"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कृमि (kṛ́mi)\nPali: kimi\nPunjabi: ਕਿਰਮ (kiram, “worm, slug, maggot”)\nOdia: କୃମି (krumi)\nBengali: ক্রিমি (krimi)\nBengali: কির্মি (kirmi)\nSinhalese: කිමියා (kimiyā)\n→ Malayalam: കൃമി (kr̥mi)\n→ Tamil: கிருமி (kirumi)\n→ Telugu: క్రిమి (krimi)\n→ Indonesian: keremi\n>? Romani: kirmo, kermo",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कृमि (kṛ́mi)\nPali: kimi\nPunjabi: ਕਿਰਮ (kiram, “worm, slug, maggot”)\nOdia: କୃମି (krumi)\nBengali: ক্রিমি (krimi)\nBengali: কির্মি (kirmi)\nSinhalese: කිමියා (kimiyā)\n→ Malayalam: കൃമി (kr̥mi)\n→ Tamil: கிருமி (kirumi)\n→ Telugu: క్రిమి (krimi)\n→ Indonesian: keremi\n>? Romani: kirmo, kermo"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*kŕ̥miš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *kŕ̥miš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *kŕ̥miš"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬁"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬁 (kər^əmā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬨𐬁 (kər^əmā)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northeastern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "калм",
"gloss": "worm, small snake"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: калм (kalm, “worm, small snake”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: калм (kalm, “worm, small snake”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"2": "ܟܝܪܡ",
"gloss": "snake",
"tr": "kirm"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: ܟܝܪܡ (kirm, “snake”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: ܟܝܪܡ (kirm, “snake”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "کرم",
"tr": "kirm"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi: کرم (kirm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi: کرم (kirm)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "kirm"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: kirm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: kirm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xme-old",
"2": "*kr̥miš"
},
"expansion": "Old Median: *kr̥miš",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Median: *kr̥miš (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫐𐫡𐫖",
"gloss": "shooting star",
"tr": "kirm"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: 𐫐𐫡𐫖 (kirm, “shooting star”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: 𐫐𐫡𐫖 (kirm, “shooting star”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Zaza-Gurani:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hac",
"2": "کرمی",
"tr": "kirmī"
},
"expansion": "Gurani: کرمی (kirmī)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurani: کرمی (kirmī)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "kermî",
"alt": "kerm(î)",
"tr": "karm(ī)"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: kerm(î) (karm(ī))",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: kerm(î) (karm(ī))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southwestern Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "𐎣𐎼𐎷𐏁",
"ts": "*kármiš"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: 𐎣𐎼𐎷𐏁 (k-r-mi-š /*kármiš/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: 𐎣𐎼𐎷𐏁 (k-r-mi-š /*kármiš/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"ts": "kirm"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (/kirm/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/kirm/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫐𐫡𐫖",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫐𐫡𐫖 (krm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫐𐫡𐫖 (krm)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "klm"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (klm)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (klm)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷŕ̥mis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kʷŕ̥mis",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kirmis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *kirmis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷrimis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kʷrimis",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *kʷŕ̥mis. Cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *kirmis, Proto-Celtic *kʷrimis.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine i-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥miš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥miH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mayas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥may",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥miH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mayas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mim",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥miH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mīn",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-īš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥miH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mibʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mibʰiš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mayš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mibʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mibʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mayay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mibʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mibʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mayš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥myawš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mayām?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mā?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥māw?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥myawš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "kŕ̥mišu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*kŕ̥miš m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/kŕ̥miš",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"iir-pro:Animals"
],
"glosses": [
"worm"
],
"links": [
[
"worm",
"worm"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kŕ̥miš"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kŕ̥miš meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (8.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.