See grā́mas in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*grā́mas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *grā́mas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *grā́mas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ग्राम",
"tr": "grā́ma"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ग्राम (grā́ma)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ग्राम (grā́ma) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*grā́mah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *grā́mah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *grā́mah"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "ӕргъом",
"t": "bundle, bunch, burden"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: ӕргъом (ærǧom, “bundle, bunch, burden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: ӕргъом (ærǧom, “bundle, bunch, burden”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*grā́makah",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *grā́makah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *grā́makah"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Parthian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫃𐫡𐫀𐫖𐫃",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1",
"ts": "grāmag"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫃𐫡𐫀𐫖𐫃 (grʾmg /grāmag/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫃𐫡𐫀𐫖𐫃 (grʾmg /grāmag/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"t": "property, wealth"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (“property, wealth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (“property, wealth”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "glʾmk'",
"ts": "grāmag"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (glʾmk' /grāmag/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (glʾmk' /grāmag/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"tr": "grʾmʾk"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: [script needed] (grʾmʾk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: [script needed] (grʾmʾk)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-nur-pro",
"2": "*grā́ma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Nuristani: *grā́ma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Nuristani: *grā́ma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Nuristani:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Kamkata-viri:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kamkata-viri:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xvi",
"2": "gřóm"
},
"expansion": "Kamviri: gřóm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kamviri: gřóm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh-kat",
"2": "gřúm"
},
"expansion": "Kativiri: gřúm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kativiri: gřúm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prn",
"2": "gam",
"3": "gám"
},
"expansion": "Prasuni: gam, gám",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Prasuni: gam, gám"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Nuristani:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ask",
"2": "gřám"
},
"expansion": "Ashkun: gřám",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ashkun: gřám"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wbk",
"2": "gram"
},
"expansion": "Waigali: gram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Waigali: gram"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(h₂)glem-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(h₂)gróm-o-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)gróm-o-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₂ger-",
"3": "*os",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "deverbal suffix",
"t1": "to gather; flock, herd"
},
"expansion": "*h₂ger- (“to gather; flock, herd”) + *-os (deverbal suffix)",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gromada",
"t": "heap, pile"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gromada (“heap, pile”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "грома́да",
"t": "id"
},
"expansion": "Russian грома́да (gromáda, “id”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)gróm-o-s, from *h₂ger- (“to gather; flock, herd”) + *-os (deverbal suffix). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *gromada (“heap, pile”) (compare Russian грома́да (gromáda, “id”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́mas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́mā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́māw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́mās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́māsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́ma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́mā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́māw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́mās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́māsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́mam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́mā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́māw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́māns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́maH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́maybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́maybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́māyš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́māt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́maybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́maybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́maybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́māy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́maybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́maybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́maybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́masya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́mayās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́mānaHam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́may",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́mayaw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́mayšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "*(H)grā́mas",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*(H)grā́mas m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/grā́mas",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bunch, pile, bundle, collection"
],
"id": "en-grā́mas-iir-pro-noun-Ju0PouIj",
"links": [
[
"bunch",
"bunch"
],
[
"pile",
"pile"
],
[
"bundle",
"bundle"
],
[
"collection",
"collection"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "grā́mas"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*grā́mas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *grā́mas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *grā́mas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ग्राम",
"tr": "grā́ma"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ग्राम (grā́ma)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ग्राम (grā́ma) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*grā́mah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *grā́mah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *grā́mah"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "ӕргъом",
"t": "bundle, bunch, burden"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: ӕргъом (ærǧom, “bundle, bunch, burden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: ӕргъом (ærǧom, “bundle, bunch, burden”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*grā́makah",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *grā́makah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Iranian: *grā́makah"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Parthian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫃𐫡𐫀𐫖𐫃",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1",
"ts": "grāmag"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫃𐫡𐫀𐫖𐫃 (grʾmg /grāmag/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫃𐫡𐫀𐫖𐫃 (grʾmg /grāmag/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"t": "property, wealth"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (“property, wealth”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (“property, wealth”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "glʾmk'",
"ts": "grāmag"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (glʾmk' /grāmag/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (glʾmk' /grāmag/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"tr": "grʾmʾk"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: [script needed] (grʾmʾk)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: [script needed] (grʾmʾk)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-nur-pro",
"2": "*grā́ma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Nuristani: *grā́ma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Nuristani: *grā́ma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Nuristani:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Kamkata-viri:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kamkata-viri:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xvi",
"2": "gřóm"
},
"expansion": "Kamviri: gřóm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kamviri: gřóm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh-kat",
"2": "gřúm"
},
"expansion": "Kativiri: gřúm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kativiri: gřúm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prn",
"2": "gam",
"3": "gám"
},
"expansion": "Prasuni: gam, gám",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Prasuni: gam, gám"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Nuristani:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ask",
"2": "gřám"
},
"expansion": "Ashkun: gřám",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ashkun: gřám"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wbk",
"2": "gram"
},
"expansion": "Waigali: gram",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Waigali: gram"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(h₂)glem-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(h₂)gróm-o-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)gróm-o-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₂ger-",
"3": "*os",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "deverbal suffix",
"t1": "to gather; flock, herd"
},
"expansion": "*h₂ger- (“to gather; flock, herd”) + *-os (deverbal suffix)",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gromada",
"t": "heap, pile"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gromada (“heap, pile”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "грома́да",
"t": "id"
},
"expansion": "Russian грома́да (gromáda, “id”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)gróm-o-s, from *h₂ger- (“to gather; flock, herd”) + *-os (deverbal suffix). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *gromada (“heap, pile”) (compare Russian грома́да (gromáda, “id”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́mas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́mā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́māw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́mās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́māsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́ma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́mā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́māw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́mās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́māsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́mam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́mā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́māw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́māns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́maH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́maybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́maybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́māyš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́māt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́maybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́maybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́maybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́māy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́maybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́maybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́maybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́masya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́mayās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́mānaHam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́may",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́mayaw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "grā́mayšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "*(H)grā́mas",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*(H)grā́mas m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/grā́mas",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(h₂)glem-",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"bunch, pile, bundle, collection"
],
"links": [
[
"bunch",
"bunch"
],
[
"pile",
"pile"
],
[
"bundle",
"bundle"
],
[
"collection",
"collection"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "grā́mas"
}
Download raw JSONL data for grā́mas meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (8.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.