See gʰr̥dʰás in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ashokan Prakrit",
"lang_code": "inc-ash",
"roman": "*garha",
"word": "*𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀳"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "geha",
"word": "गेह"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "gṛhá",
"sense": "house",
"word": "गृह"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Prakrit",
"lang_code": "pra",
"roman": "gaḍha",
"word": "𑀕𑀠"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "*gṛdha",
"sense": "fort",
"word": "*गृध"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*gr̥dʰás"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "gər^əδa",
"sense": "daeva cave",
"word": "𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Book Pahlavi script",
"lang_code": "pal-Latn",
"word": "gʾl"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aramaic",
"lang_code": "arc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "grdʾ",
"word": "גרדא"
}
],
"lang": "Akkadian",
"lang_code": "akk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "qardu; gardu",
"word": "𒃼𒁺"
},
{
"lang": "Elamite",
"lang_code": "elx",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kurtaš",
"word": "𒆳𒌨"
}
],
"lang": "Old Persian",
"lang_code": "peo",
"sense": "household slaves",
"word": "*gr̥dah"
},
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "kart",
"sense": "plot, field, patch",
"word": "کرت"
},
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "gerdastan",
"sense": "body of servants and captives",
"word": "գերդաստան"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Permic",
"lang_code": "urj-prm-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"sense": "home",
"word": "*gɔrt"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*gr̥dáh"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "der",
"3": "ine-pro>*gʰerdʰ->enclose",
"id": "house"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*gʰr̥dʰ-ó-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥dʰ-ó-s",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥dʰ-ó-s, from *gʰerdʰ- (“to enclose”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰás",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰā́(w)",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰā́s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰā́sas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰŕ̥dʰa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰŕ̥dʰā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰŕ̥dʰāw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰŕ̥dʰās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰŕ̥dʰāsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰā́(w)",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰā́ns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰáH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰā́yš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰā́t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰā́y",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰásya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰáyās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰā́naHam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰáy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰáyaw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰáyšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*gʰr̥dʰás m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/gʰr̥dʰás",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian terms belonging to the root *gʰardʰ-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"enclosure"
],
"id": "en-gʰr̥dʰás-iir-pro-noun-le~sxbl9",
"links": [
[
"enclosure",
"enclosure"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "52 48",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian terms belonging to the root *gʰardʰ-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"house"
],
"id": "en-gʰr̥dʰás-iir-pro-noun-1uIShmIa",
"links": [
[
"house",
"house"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gʰr̥dʰás"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms belonging to the root *gʰardʰ-",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰerdʰ-",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ashokan Prakrit",
"lang_code": "inc-ash",
"roman": "*garha",
"word": "*𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀳"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "geha",
"word": "गेह"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "gṛhá",
"sense": "house",
"word": "गृह"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Prakrit",
"lang_code": "pra",
"roman": "gaḍha",
"word": "𑀕𑀠"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "*gṛdha",
"sense": "fort",
"word": "*गृध"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*gr̥dʰás"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "gər^əδa",
"sense": "daeva cave",
"word": "𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Book Pahlavi script",
"lang_code": "pal-Latn",
"word": "gʾl"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aramaic",
"lang_code": "arc",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "grdʾ",
"word": "גרדא"
}
],
"lang": "Akkadian",
"lang_code": "akk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "qardu; gardu",
"word": "𒃼𒁺"
},
{
"lang": "Elamite",
"lang_code": "elx",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "kurtaš",
"word": "𒆳𒌨"
}
],
"lang": "Old Persian",
"lang_code": "peo",
"sense": "household slaves",
"word": "*gr̥dah"
},
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "kart",
"sense": "plot, field, patch",
"word": "کرت"
},
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "gerdastan",
"sense": "body of servants and captives",
"word": "գերդաստան"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Permic",
"lang_code": "urj-prm-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"sense": "home",
"word": "*gɔrt"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*gr̥dáh"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "der",
"3": "ine-pro>*gʰerdʰ->enclose",
"id": "house"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*gʰr̥dʰ-ó-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥dʰ-ó-s",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥dʰ-ó-s, from *gʰerdʰ- (“to enclose”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰás",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰā́(w)",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰā́s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰā́sas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰŕ̥dʰa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰŕ̥dʰā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰŕ̥dʰāw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰŕ̥dʰās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰŕ̥dʰāsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰā́(w)",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰā́ns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰáH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰā́yš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰā́t",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰā́y",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰásya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰáyās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰā́naHam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰáy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰáyaw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰr̥dʰáyšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*gʰr̥dʰás m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/gʰr̥dʰás",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"enclosure"
],
"links": [
[
"enclosure",
"enclosure"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"iir-pro:Buildings"
],
"glosses": [
"house"
],
"links": [
[
"house",
"house"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gʰr̥dʰás"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gʰr̥dʰás meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (6.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.