"gʰr̥dʰás" meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian

See gʰr̥dʰás in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥dʰ-ó-s, from *gʰerdʰ- (“to enclose”). Etymology templates: {{etymon|iir-pro|der|ine-pro>*gʰerdʰ->enclose|id=house}}, {{inh|iir-pro|ine-pro||*gʰr̥dʰ-ó-s}} Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥dʰ-ó-s Head templates: {{head|iir-pro|noun|||||g=m|g2=|g3=|head=|head2=|head3=|head4=|head5=}} *gʰr̥dʰás m Inflection templates: {{iir-decl-noun|g=m}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], gʰr̥dʰás [nominative, singular], gʰr̥dʰā́(w) [dual, nominative], gʰr̥dʰā́s [nominative, plural], gʰr̥dʰā́sas [nominative, plural], gʰŕ̥dʰa [singular, vocative], gʰŕ̥dʰā [dual, vocative], gʰŕ̥dʰāw [dual, vocative], gʰŕ̥dʰās [plural, vocative], gʰŕ̥dʰāsas [plural, vocative], gʰr̥dʰám [accusative, singular], gʰr̥dʰā́(w) [accusative, dual], gʰr̥dʰā́ns [accusative, plural], gʰr̥dʰáH [instrumental, singular], gʰr̥dʰáybʰyā [dual, instrumental], gʰr̥dʰáybʰyām [dual, instrumental], gʰr̥dʰā́yš [instrumental, plural], gʰr̥dʰā́t [ablative, singular], gʰr̥dʰáybʰyā [ablative, dual], gʰr̥dʰáybʰyām [ablative, dual], gʰr̥dʰáybʰyas [ablative, plural], gʰr̥dʰā́y [dative, singular], gʰr̥dʰáybʰyā [dative, dual], gʰr̥dʰáybʰyām [dative, dual], gʰr̥dʰáybʰyas [dative, plural], gʰr̥dʰásya [genitive, singular], gʰr̥dʰáyās [dual, genitive], gʰr̥dʰā́naHam [genitive, plural], gʰr̥dʰáy [locative, singular], gʰr̥dʰáyaw [dual, locative], gʰr̥dʰáyšu [locative, plural]
  1. enclosure Tags: masculine, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-gʰr̥dʰás-iir-pro-noun-le~sxbl9 Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Indo-Iranian terms belonging to the root *gʰardʰ- Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 54 46 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 50 50 Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header: 52 48 Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-Iranian terms belonging to the root *gʰardʰ-: 50 50
  2. house Tags: masculine, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-gʰr̥dʰás-iir-pro-noun-1uIShmIa Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Indo-Iranian terms belonging to the root *gʰardʰ- Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 54 46 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 50 50 Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header: 52 48 Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-Iranian terms belonging to the root *gʰardʰ-: 50 50
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*gr̥dʰás"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥dʰás",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥dʰás"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "गृह",
            "t": "house",
            "tr": "gṛhá"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: गृह (gṛhá, “house”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: गृह (gṛhá, “house”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-ash",
            "2": "*𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀳"
          },
          "expansion": "Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀳 (*garha)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀳 (*garha) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "गेह",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Sanskrit: गेह (geha)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Sanskrit: गेह (geha)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "*गृध",
            "t": "fort"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: *गृध (gṛdha, “fort”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: *गृध (gṛdha, “fort”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pra",
            "2": "𑀕𑀠"
          },
          "expansion": "Prakrit: 𑀕𑀠 (gaḍha)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Prakrit: 𑀕𑀠 (gaḍha) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*gr̥dáh"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥dáh",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥dáh"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ae",
            "2": "𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀",
            "t": "daeva cave"
          },
          "expansion": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (gər^əδa, “daeva cave”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (gər^əδa, “daeva cave”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "peo",
            "2": "*gr̥dah",
            "t": "household slaves"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Persian: *gr̥dah (“household slaves”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Persian: *gr̥dah (“household slaves”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pal",
            "2": "-",
            "t": "the gang, the villeins labouring on the estates of the kings, the satraps, the magnates, etc.; in war their military crew"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Persian: (“the gang, the villeins labouring on the estates of the kings, the satraps, the magnates, etc.; in war their military crew”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Persian: (“the gang, the villeins labouring on the estates of the kings, the satraps, the magnates, etc.; in war their military crew”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pal",
            "sc": "Phlv",
            "sclb": "1",
            "tr": "gʾl",
            "ts": "gāl"
          },
          "expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (gʾl /⁠gāl⁠/)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (gʾl /⁠gāl⁠/)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "akk",
            "2": "𒃼𒁺",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "qardu; gardu"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Akkadian: 𒃼𒁺 (qardu; gardu)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "disputed",
            "2": "more likely from <i class=\"Xsux mention\" lang=\"sux\">𒃼𒁺</i> (/⁠gardu⁠/, “soldier, military personnel, trooper”)"
          },
          "expansion": "(disputed, more likely from 𒃼𒁺 (/⁠gardu⁠/, “soldier, military personnel, trooper”))",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Akkadian: 𒃼𒁺 (qardu; gardu) (disputed, more likely from 𒃼𒁺 (/⁠gardu⁠/, “soldier, military personnel, trooper”))"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "arc",
            "2": "גרדא",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "grdʾ"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Aramaic: גרדא (grdʾ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Aramaic: גרדא (grdʾ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "elx",
            "2": "𒆳𒌨",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "kurtaš"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Elamite: 𒆳𒌨 (kurtaš)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Elamite: 𒆳𒌨 (kurtaš)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fa",
            "2": "کرت",
            "t": "plot, field, patch",
            "tr": "kart"
          },
          "expansion": "Persian: کرت (kart, “plot, field, patch”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Persian: کرت (kart, “plot, field, patch”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xcl",
            "2": "գերդաստան",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "body of servants and captives"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old Armenian: գերդաստան (gerdastan, “body of servants and captives”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "or inherited from Indo-European"
          },
          "expansion": "(or inherited from Indo-European)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old Armenian: գերդաստան (gerdastan, “body of servants and captives”) (or inherited from Indo-European)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-prm-pro",
            "2": "*gɔrt",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "home"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Permic: *gɔrt (“home”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "from an uncertain early Iranian language"
          },
          "expansion": "(from an uncertain early Iranian language)",
          "name": "q"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Permic: *gɔrt (“home”) (from an uncertain early Iranian language) (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "iir-pro",
        "2": "der",
        "3": "ine-pro>*gʰerdʰ->enclose",
        "id": "house"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "iir-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*gʰr̥dʰ-ó-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥dʰ-ó-s",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥dʰ-ó-s, from *gʰerdʰ- (“to enclose”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "iir-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masculine a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰás",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰā́(w)",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰā́s",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰā́sas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰŕ̥dʰa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰŕ̥dʰā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰŕ̥dʰāw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰŕ̥dʰās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰŕ̥dʰāsas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰā́(w)",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰā́ns",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰáH",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰā́yš",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰā́t",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰā́y",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰásya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰáyās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰā́naHam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰáy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰáyaw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰáyšu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "iir-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "head4": "",
        "head5": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*gʰr̥dʰás m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "m"
      },
      "name": "iir-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
  "lang_code": "iir-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/gʰr̥dʰás",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "54 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian terms belonging to the root *gʰardʰ-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "enclosure"
      ],
      "id": "en-gʰr̥dʰás-iir-pro-noun-le~sxbl9",
      "links": [
        [
          "enclosure",
          "enclosure"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "54 46",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian terms belonging to the root *gʰardʰ-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "house"
      ],
      "id": "en-gʰr̥dʰás-iir-pro-noun-1uIShmIa",
      "links": [
        [
          "house",
          "house"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "gʰr̥dʰás"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Indo-Iranian a-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
    "Proto-Indo-Iranian masculine nouns",
    "Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns",
    "Proto-Indo-Iranian terms belonging to the root *gʰardʰ-",
    "Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʰerdʰ-",
    "Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*gr̥dʰás"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥dʰás",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gr̥dʰás"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "गृह",
            "t": "house",
            "tr": "gṛhá"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: गृह (gṛhá, “house”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: गृह (gṛhá, “house”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-ash",
            "2": "*𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀳"
          },
          "expansion": "Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀳 (*garha)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ashokan Prakrit: *𑀕𑀭𑁆𑀳 (*garha) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "गेह",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Sanskrit: गेह (geha)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Sanskrit: गेह (geha)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "*गृध",
            "t": "fort"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: *गृध (gṛdha, “fort”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: *गृध (gṛdha, “fort”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pra",
            "2": "𑀕𑀠"
          },
          "expansion": "Prakrit: 𑀕𑀠 (gaḍha)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Prakrit: 𑀕𑀠 (gaḍha) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*gr̥dáh"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥dáh",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *gr̥dáh"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ae",
            "2": "𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀",
            "t": "daeva cave"
          },
          "expansion": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (gər^əδa, “daeva cave”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Avestan: 𐬔𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (gər^əδa, “daeva cave”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "peo",
            "2": "*gr̥dah",
            "t": "household slaves"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Persian: *gr̥dah (“household slaves”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Persian: *gr̥dah (“household slaves”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pal",
            "2": "-",
            "t": "the gang, the villeins labouring on the estates of the kings, the satraps, the magnates, etc.; in war their military crew"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Persian: (“the gang, the villeins labouring on the estates of the kings, the satraps, the magnates, etc.; in war their military crew”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Persian: (“the gang, the villeins labouring on the estates of the kings, the satraps, the magnates, etc.; in war their military crew”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pal",
            "sc": "Phlv",
            "sclb": "1",
            "tr": "gʾl",
            "ts": "gāl"
          },
          "expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (gʾl /⁠gāl⁠/)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (gʾl /⁠gāl⁠/)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "akk",
            "2": "𒃼𒁺",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "qardu; gardu"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Akkadian: 𒃼𒁺 (qardu; gardu)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "disputed",
            "2": "more likely from <i class=\"Xsux mention\" lang=\"sux\">𒃼𒁺</i> (/⁠gardu⁠/, “soldier, military personnel, trooper”)"
          },
          "expansion": "(disputed, more likely from 𒃼𒁺 (/⁠gardu⁠/, “soldier, military personnel, trooper”))",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Akkadian: 𒃼𒁺 (qardu; gardu) (disputed, more likely from 𒃼𒁺 (/⁠gardu⁠/, “soldier, military personnel, trooper”))"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "arc",
            "2": "גרדא",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "grdʾ"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Aramaic: גרדא (grdʾ)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Aramaic: גרדא (grdʾ)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "elx",
            "2": "𒆳𒌨",
            "bor": "1",
            "tr": "kurtaš"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Elamite: 𒆳𒌨 (kurtaš)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Elamite: 𒆳𒌨 (kurtaš)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fa",
            "2": "کرت",
            "t": "plot, field, patch",
            "tr": "kart"
          },
          "expansion": "Persian: کرت (kart, “plot, field, patch”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Persian: کرت (kart, “plot, field, patch”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xcl",
            "2": "գերդաստան",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "body of servants and captives"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Old Armenian: գերդաստան (gerdastan, “body of servants and captives”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "or inherited from Indo-European"
          },
          "expansion": "(or inherited from Indo-European)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Old Armenian: գերդաստան (gerdastan, “body of servants and captives”) (or inherited from Indo-European)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-prm-pro",
            "2": "*gɔrt",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "home"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Proto-Permic: *gɔrt (“home”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "from an uncertain early Iranian language"
          },
          "expansion": "(from an uncertain early Iranian language)",
          "name": "q"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Proto-Permic: *gɔrt (“home”) (from an uncertain early Iranian language) (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "iir-pro",
        "2": "der",
        "3": "ine-pro>*gʰerdʰ->enclose",
        "id": "house"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "iir-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*gʰr̥dʰ-ó-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥dʰ-ó-s",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *gʰr̥dʰ-ó-s, from *gʰerdʰ- (“to enclose”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "iir-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "masculine a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰás",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰā́(w)",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰā́s",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰā́sas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰŕ̥dʰa",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰŕ̥dʰā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰŕ̥dʰāw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰŕ̥dʰās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰŕ̥dʰāsas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰám",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰā́(w)",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰā́ns",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰáH",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰā́yš",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰā́t",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰā́y",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰáybʰyas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰásya",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰáyās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰā́naHam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰáy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰáyaw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʰr̥dʰáyšu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "iir-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "head4": "",
        "head5": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*gʰr̥dʰás m",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "g": "m"
      },
      "name": "iir-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
  "lang_code": "iir-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/gʰr̥dʰás",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "enclosure"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "enclosure",
          "enclosure"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "iir-pro:Buildings"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "house"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "house",
          "house"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "gʰr̥dʰás"
}

Download raw JSONL data for gʰr̥dʰás meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (9.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (92124b4 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.