See dʰrúkš in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for dʰrúkš meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (7.8kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*dʰrúk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰrúk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰrúk ~ *druźʰás"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "द्रुह्",
"3": "ध्रुक्",
"pos2": "nom.sg",
"tr": "drúh",
"tr2": "dhrúk"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: द्रुह् (drúh), ध्रुक् (dhrúk, nom.sg)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: द्रुह् (drúh), ध्रुक् (dhrúk, nom.sg)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*drúxš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *drúxš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *drúxš ~ *druǰáh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-old",
"2": "𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬑𐬱",
"3": "𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘𐬋",
"pos": "nom.sg",
"pos2": "gen.abl.sg"
},
"expansion": "Old Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬑𐬱 (druxš, nom.sg), 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘𐬋 (drujō, gen.abl.sg)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬑𐬱 (druxš, nom.sg), 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘𐬋 (drujō, gen.abl.sg)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "druj",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: druj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: druj"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬑𐬱",
"3": "𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘𐬆𐬨",
"4": "𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘𐬋",
"5": "𐬀𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬲𐬄𐬨",
"pos": "nom.sg",
"pos2": "acc.sg",
"pos3": "gen.abl.sg; nom.pl",
"pos4": "gen.pl"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬑𐬱 (druxš, nom.sg), 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘𐬆𐬨 (drujəm, acc.sg), 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘𐬋 (drujō, gen.abl.sg; nom.pl), 𐬀𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬲𐬄𐬨 (adružąm, gen.pl)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬑𐬱 (druxš, nom.sg), 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘𐬆𐬨 (drujəm, acc.sg), 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘𐬋 (drujō, gen.abl.sg; nom.pl), 𐬀𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬲𐬄𐬨 (adružąm, gen.pl)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1",
"t": "demon; she-demon (in Manichaean)",
"ts": "druz, druxš"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Persian: (/druz, druxš/, “demon; she-demon (in Manichaean)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Persian: (/druz, druxš/, “demon; she-demon (in Manichaean)”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫟𐫢",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫟𐫢 (drwxš)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Only in Manichaean texts"
},
"expansion": "(Only in Manichaean texts)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫟𐫢 (drwxš) (Only in Manichaean texts)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "dlwc'"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dlwc')",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dlwc')"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐬛𐬭𐬏𐬲",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Pazend script: 𐬛𐬭𐬏𐬲 (drūž)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pazend script: 𐬛𐬭𐬏𐬲 (drūž)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1",
"t": "demon; she-demon (in Manichaean)",
"ts": "drōž ~ druž, druxš"
},
"expansion": "→ Parthian: (/drōž ~ druž, druxš/, “demon; she-demon (in Manichaean)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Parthian: (/drōž ~ druž, druxš/, “demon; she-demon (in Manichaean)”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫋",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫋 (drwj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫋 (drwj), 𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫟𐫢 (drwxš)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrewgʰ-",
"id": "deceive"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰréwgʰ-s ~ *dʰrugʰ-és"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰréwgʰ-s ~ *dʰrugʰ-és",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰrewgʰ-",
"3": "*s",
"id1": "deceive",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "to deceive, mislead"
},
"expansion": "*dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive, mislead”) + *-s",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Leveled from earlier *dʰráwkš ~ *dʰruǰʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰréwgʰ-s ~ *dʰrugʰ-és, from *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive, mislead”) + *-s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúkš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúkš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúkš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúǰ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúkš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúkš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúǰʰám",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúkš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúkš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúǰʰáH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúgbʰyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúgbʰiš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúǰʰás",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúgbʰyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúgbʰyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúǰʰáy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúgbʰyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúgbʰyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúǰʰás",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúǰʰáwš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúǰʰām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúǰʰí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúǰʰáwš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúkšu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*dʰrúkš f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dʰrúǰʰ",
"ablpl": "dʰrúgbʰyaH",
"g": "mf",
"insdu": "dʰrúgbʰyaH",
"inspl": "dʰrúgbʰiš",
"locpl": "dʰrúkšu",
"nomsg": "dʰrúkš",
"stem": "cons"
},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/dʰrúkš",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lie, falsehood, deceit"
],
"id": "en-dʰrúkš-iir-pro-noun-biWXSAgR",
"links": [
[
"lie",
"lie"
],
[
"falsehood",
"falsehood"
],
[
"deceit",
"deceit"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 69",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian terms belonging to the root *dʰrawǰʰ-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"injury, harm"
],
"id": "en-dʰrúkš-iir-pro-noun-DAt1UgS2",
"links": [
[
"injury",
"injury"
],
[
"harm",
"harm"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dʰrúkš"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-Iranian consonant stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian feminine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms belonging to the root *dʰrawǰʰ-",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰrewgʰ- (deceive)",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*dʰrúk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰrúk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dʰrúk ~ *druźʰás"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "द्रुह्",
"3": "ध्रुक्",
"pos2": "nom.sg",
"tr": "drúh",
"tr2": "dhrúk"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: द्रुह् (drúh), ध्रुक् (dhrúk, nom.sg)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: द्रुह् (drúh), ध्रुक् (dhrúk, nom.sg)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*drúxš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *drúxš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *drúxš ~ *druǰáh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-old",
"2": "𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬑𐬱",
"3": "𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘𐬋",
"pos": "nom.sg",
"pos2": "gen.abl.sg"
},
"expansion": "Old Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬑𐬱 (druxš, nom.sg), 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘𐬋 (drujō, gen.abl.sg)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬑𐬱 (druxš, nom.sg), 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘𐬋 (drujō, gen.abl.sg)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "druj",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: druj",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: druj"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬑𐬱",
"3": "𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘𐬆𐬨",
"4": "𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘𐬋",
"5": "𐬀𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬲𐬄𐬨",
"pos": "nom.sg",
"pos2": "acc.sg",
"pos3": "gen.abl.sg; nom.pl",
"pos4": "gen.pl"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬑𐬱 (druxš, nom.sg), 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘𐬆𐬨 (drujəm, acc.sg), 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘𐬋 (drujō, gen.abl.sg; nom.pl), 𐬀𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬲𐬄𐬨 (adružąm, gen.pl)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬑𐬱 (druxš, nom.sg), 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘𐬆𐬨 (drujəm, acc.sg), 𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬘𐬋 (drujō, gen.abl.sg; nom.pl), 𐬀𐬛𐬭𐬎𐬲𐬄𐬨 (adružąm, gen.pl)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1",
"t": "demon; she-demon (in Manichaean)",
"ts": "druz, druxš"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Persian: (/druz, druxš/, “demon; she-demon (in Manichaean)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Persian: (/druz, druxš/, “demon; she-demon (in Manichaean)”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫟𐫢",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫟𐫢 (drwxš)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Only in Manichaean texts"
},
"expansion": "(Only in Manichaean texts)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫟𐫢 (drwxš) (Only in Manichaean texts)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "dlwc'"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dlwc')",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dlwc')"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "𐬛𐬭𐬏𐬲",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Pazend script: 𐬛𐬭𐬏𐬲 (drūž)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pazend script: 𐬛𐬭𐬏𐬲 (drūž)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1",
"t": "demon; she-demon (in Manichaean)",
"ts": "drōž ~ druž, druxš"
},
"expansion": "→ Parthian: (/drōž ~ druž, druxš/, “demon; she-demon (in Manichaean)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Parthian: (/drōž ~ druž, druxš/, “demon; she-demon (in Manichaean)”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫋",
"sc": "Mani",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫋 (drwj)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫋 (drwj), 𐫅𐫡𐫇𐫟𐫢 (drwxš)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrewgʰ-",
"id": "deceive"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*dʰréwgʰ-s ~ *dʰrugʰ-és"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰréwgʰ-s ~ *dʰrugʰ-és",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰrewgʰ-",
"3": "*s",
"id1": "deceive",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "to deceive, mislead"
},
"expansion": "*dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive, mislead”) + *-s",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Leveled from earlier *dʰráwkš ~ *dʰruǰʰás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰréwgʰ-s ~ *dʰrugʰ-és, from *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive, mislead”) + *-s.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúkš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúkš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúkš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúǰ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúkš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúkš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúǰʰám",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúkš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúkš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúǰʰáH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúgbʰyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúgbʰiš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúǰʰás",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúgbʰyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúgbʰyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúǰʰáy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúgbʰyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúgbʰyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúǰʰás",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúǰʰáwš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúǰʰām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúǰʰí",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúǰʰáwš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrúkšu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*dʰrúkš f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dʰrúǰʰ",
"ablpl": "dʰrúgbʰyaH",
"g": "mf",
"insdu": "dʰrúgbʰyaH",
"inspl": "dʰrúgbʰiš",
"locpl": "dʰrúkšu",
"nomsg": "dʰrúkš",
"stem": "cons"
},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/dʰrúkš",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lie, falsehood, deceit"
],
"links": [
[
"lie",
"lie"
],
[
"falsehood",
"falsehood"
],
[
"deceit",
"deceit"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"injury, harm"
],
"links": [
[
"injury",
"injury"
],
[
"harm",
"harm"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dʰrúkš"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (1b9bfc5 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.