See Hrawdʰás in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*Hrawdʰás",
"t": "copper"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hrawdʰás (“copper”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hrawdʰás (“copper”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "लोह",
"tr": "lohá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: लोह (lohá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: लोह (lohá)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "loha"
},
"expansion": "Pali: loha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pali: loha"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra-sau",
"2": "𑀮𑁄𑀳"
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀮𑁄𑀳 (loha)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀮𑁄𑀳 (loha)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "लोहा"
},
"expansion": "Hindi: लोहा (lohā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hindi: लोहा (lohā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*Hrawdáh",
"t": "copper, brass"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *Hrawdáh (“copper, brass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *Hrawdáh (“copper, brass”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "رود",
"tr": "rōd"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi: رود (rōd)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi: رود (rōd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫡𐫇𐫔",
"sc": "Mani",
"t": "copper",
"tr": "rōδ"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: 𐫡𐫇𐫔 (rōδ, “copper”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: 𐫡𐫇𐫔 (rōδ, “copper”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "արոյր",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Armenian: արոյր (aroyr)\n→ Armenian: արույր (aruyr) (learned)\n→? Old Georgian: რვალი (rvali) (or directly from Iranian)\nGeorgian: რვალი (rvali)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Armenian: արոյր (aroyr)\n→ Armenian: արույր (aruyr) (learned)\n→? Old Georgian: რვალი (rvali) (or directly from Iranian)\nGeorgian: რვალი (rvali)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"tr": "*rauda"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: [script needed] (*rauda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: [script needed] (*rauda)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xmn",
"2": "rwy",
"t": "copper, brass",
"tr": "rôy"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean Middle Persian: rwy (rôy, “copper, brass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean Middle Persian: rwy (rôy, “copper, brass”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "lwd",
"t": "copper, brass",
"tr": "rôy"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: lwd (rôy, “copper, brass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pahlavi Middle Persian: lwd (rôy, “copper, brass”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"tr": "rwδ",
"ts": "rōδ"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: [script needed] (rwδ /rōδ/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: [script needed] (rwδ /rōδ/)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*h₁rowdʰ-ó-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰ-ó-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₁rewdʰ-",
"3": "*ós",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "deverbal suffix",
"t1": "red"
},
"expansion": "*h₁rewdʰ- (“red”) + *-ós (deverbal suffix)",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*roudos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *roudos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*raudaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *raudaz",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰ-ó-s, from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”) + *-ós (deverbal suffix). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *roudos, Proto-Germanic *raudaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Hrawdʰás",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Hrawdʰám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Hrawdʰásya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Hrawdʰáyās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Hrawdʰáy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*Hrawdʰás m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Hrawdʰás",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"red metal, copper, brass"
],
"id": "en-Hrawdʰás-iir-pro-noun-3Vt-idod",
"links": [
[
"red",
"red"
],
[
"metal",
"metal"
],
[
"copper",
"copper"
],
[
"brass",
"brass"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "Hrawdʰás"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*Hrawdʰás",
"t": "copper"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hrawdʰás (“copper”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hrawdʰás (“copper”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "लोह",
"tr": "lohá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: लोह (lohá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: लोह (lohá)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pi",
"2": "loha"
},
"expansion": "Pali: loha",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pali: loha"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pra-sau",
"2": "𑀮𑁄𑀳"
},
"expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀮𑁄𑀳 (loha)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀮𑁄𑀳 (loha)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "लोहा"
},
"expansion": "Hindi: लोहा (lohā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hindi: लोहा (lohā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*Hrawdáh",
"t": "copper, brass"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *Hrawdáh (“copper, brass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *Hrawdáh (“copper, brass”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "رود",
"tr": "rōd"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi: رود (rōd)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi: رود (rōd)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"2": "𐫡𐫇𐫔",
"sc": "Mani",
"t": "copper",
"tr": "rōδ"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: 𐫡𐫇𐫔 (rōδ, “copper”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: 𐫡𐫇𐫔 (rōδ, “copper”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "արոյր",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Armenian: արոյր (aroyr)\n→ Armenian: արույր (aruyr) (learned)\n→? Old Georgian: რვალი (rvali) (or directly from Iranian)\nGeorgian: რვალი (rvali)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Armenian: արոյր (aroyr)\n→ Armenian: արույր (aruyr) (learned)\n→? Old Georgian: რვალი (rvali) (or directly from Iranian)\nGeorgian: რვალი (rvali)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"tr": "*rauda"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: [script needed] (*rauda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: [script needed] (*rauda)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xmn",
"2": "rwy",
"t": "copper, brass",
"tr": "rôy"
},
"expansion": "Manichaean Middle Persian: rwy (rôy, “copper, brass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Manichaean Middle Persian: rwy (rôy, “copper, brass”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "lwd",
"t": "copper, brass",
"tr": "rôy"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: lwd (rôy, “copper, brass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pahlavi Middle Persian: lwd (rôy, “copper, brass”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"tr": "rwδ",
"ts": "rōδ"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: [script needed] (rwδ /rōδ/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: [script needed] (rwδ /rōδ/)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁rewdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*h₁rowdʰ-ó-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰ-ó-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₁rewdʰ-",
"3": "*ós",
"nocat": "1",
"pos2": "deverbal suffix",
"t1": "red"
},
"expansion": "*h₁rewdʰ- (“red”) + *-ós (deverbal suffix)",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*roudos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *roudos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*raudaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *raudaz",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰ-ó-s, from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”) + *-ós (deverbal suffix). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *roudos, Proto-Germanic *raudaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "Hrawdʰás",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Hrawdʰám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Hrawdʰásya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Hrawdʰáyās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "Hrawdʰáy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*Hrawdʰás m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Hrawdʰás",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁rewdʰ-",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"iir-pro:Metals"
],
"glosses": [
"red metal, copper, brass"
],
"links": [
[
"red",
"red"
],
[
"metal",
"metal"
],
[
"copper",
"copper"
],
[
"brass",
"brass"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "Hrawdʰás"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Hrawdʰás meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (5.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.