See HáštraH in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*HáṣṭraH"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HáṣṭraH",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HáṣṭraH"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अष्ट्रा",
"tr": "áṣṭrā"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अष्ट्रा (áṣṭrā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अष्ट्रा (áṣṭrā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*HáštraH"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *HáštraH",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *HáštraH"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬁"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬁 (aštrā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬁 (aštrā)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"tr": "ʾštl",
"ts": "aštar"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (ʾštl /aštar/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (ʾštl /aštar/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "From earlier *HáĉtraH"
},
"expansion": "(From earlier *HáĉtraH)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Ugric: *oćtɜrɜ (From earlier *HáĉtraH):"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Mansi:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mns-nor",
"tr": "ɔ̄śtər"
},
"expansion": "Northern Mansi: [script needed] (ɔ̄śtər)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Mansi: [script needed] (ɔ̄śtər)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "ostor"
},
"expansion": "Hungarian: ostor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hungarian: ostor"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂eǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*h₂éǵ-tro-m",
"5": "instrument of propelling"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵ-tro-m (“instrument of propelling”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Feminine of **Háštram, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵ-tro-m (“instrument of propelling”), from *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "aH-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "HáštraH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Háštray",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "Háštray",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Háštray",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Háštray",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "HáštrayaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "HáštrayaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "HáštrayaHm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "HáštraHsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*HáštraH f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/HáštraH",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"whip (for driving cattle)"
],
"id": "en-HáštraH-iir-pro-noun-GmbBmPn2",
"links": [
[
"whip",
"whip"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"goad"
],
"id": "en-HáštraH-iir-pro-noun-FDww~hYt",
"links": [
[
"goad",
"goad"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "HáštraH"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian aH-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian feminine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂eǵ-",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*HáṣṭraH"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HáṣṭraH",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HáṣṭraH"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अष्ट्रा",
"tr": "áṣṭrā"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अष्ट्रा (áṣṭrā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अष्ट्रा (áṣṭrā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*HáštraH"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *HáštraH",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *HáštraH"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬁"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬁 (aštrā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬀𐬱𐬙𐬭𐬁 (aštrā)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"tr": "ʾštl",
"ts": "aštar"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (ʾštl /aštar/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (ʾštl /aštar/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "From earlier *HáĉtraH"
},
"expansion": "(From earlier *HáĉtraH)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Ugric: *oćtɜrɜ (From earlier *HáĉtraH):"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Mansi:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mns-nor",
"tr": "ɔ̄śtər"
},
"expansion": "Northern Mansi: [script needed] (ɔ̄śtər)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Mansi: [script needed] (ɔ̄śtər)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "ostor"
},
"expansion": "Hungarian: ostor",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hungarian: ostor"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂eǵ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*h₂éǵ-tro-m",
"5": "instrument of propelling"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵ-tro-m (“instrument of propelling”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Feminine of **Háštram, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂éǵ-tro-m (“instrument of propelling”), from *h₂eǵ- (“to drive”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "aH-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "HáštraH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Háštray",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "Háštray",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Háštray",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Háštray",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "HáštrayaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "HáštrayaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "HáštrayaHm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "HáštraHsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*HáštraH f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/HáštraH",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"whip (for driving cattle)"
],
"links": [
[
"whip",
"whip"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"goad"
],
"links": [
[
"goad",
"goad"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "HáštraH"
}
Download raw JSONL data for HáštraH meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (4.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.