See -tamas in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*-tamas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-tamas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-tamas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "-तम"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: -तम (-tama)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: -तम (-tama)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*-tamah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *-tamah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *-tamah"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "-𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: -𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀 (-təma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: -𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀 (-təma)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "",
"tr": "-tama"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: [script needed] (-tama)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: [script needed] (-tama)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-twm",
"tr": "-tom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: -twm (-tom)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: -twm (-tom)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tm̥mos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tm̥mos",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-tm̥mos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamans",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamamas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamāy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamamas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamayšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamāš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHaHam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHmas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHmas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHbʰi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamayH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamayH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamayH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-tamas",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-tama"
},
"name": "iir-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/-tamas",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"absolute superlative adjectival suffix."
],
"id": "en--tamas-iir-pro-suffix-LN5r1CUo",
"links": [
[
"absolute superlative",
"absolute superlative#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-taras"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-tamas"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*-tamas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-tamas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-tamas"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "-तम"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: -तम (-tama)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: -तम (-tama)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*-tamah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *-tamah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *-tamah"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "-𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: -𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀 (-təma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: -𐬙𐬆𐬨𐬀 (-təma)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "peo",
"2": "",
"tr": "-tama"
},
"expansion": "Old Persian: [script needed] (-tama)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Persian: [script needed] (-tama)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-twm",
"tr": "-tom"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: -twm (-tom)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: -twm (-tom)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*-tm̥mos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *-tm̥mos",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *-tm̥mos.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tama",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamans",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamamas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamāy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamamas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamayšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamāš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHaHam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHmas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHmas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHsu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaHbʰi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamayH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamayH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamay",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamayH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-tamaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "*-tamas",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-tama"
},
"name": "iir-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/-tamas",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-taras"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Entries with collapsible category trees for nonexistent categories",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian thematic adjectives"
],
"glosses": [
"absolute superlative adjectival suffix."
],
"links": [
[
"absolute superlative",
"absolute superlative#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-tamas"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -tamas meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (6.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (89e900c and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.