"ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH" meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*ȷ́iźʰwáH"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́iźʰwáH",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́iźʰwáH"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "जिह्वा",
            "3": "जुहू",
            "tr": "jihvā́",
            "tr2": "juhū́"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: जिह्वा (jihvā́), जुहू (juhū́)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: जिह्वा (jihvā́), जुहू (juhū́) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*hižwáH"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *hižwáH",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *hižwáH (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-nur-pro",
            "2": "*diȷ́ū́",
            "3": "*duȷ́ū́"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Nuristani: *diȷ́ū́, *duȷ́ū́",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Nuristani: *diȷ́ū́, *duȷ́ū́"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Northern Nuristani:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bsh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Kamkata-viri:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kamkata-viri:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xvi",
            "2": "díć"
          },
          "expansion": "Kamviri: díć",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kamviri: díć"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bsh-kat",
            "2": "díz"
          },
          "expansion": "Kativiri: díz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kativiri: díz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "prn",
            "2": "luzúk"
          },
          "expansion": "Prasuni: luzúk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Prasuni: luzúk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Southern Nuristani:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ask",
            "2": "žū́"
          },
          "expansion": "Ashkun: žū́",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ashkun: žū́ (< earlier *dəjū́)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "iir-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "iir-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*ǵʰi-ǵʰwH-eh₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰi-ǵʰwH-eh₂",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "iir-pro",
        "2": "*ȷ́ʰwáyati"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰwáyati",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Doubtfully from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s > *dn̥ȷ́ʰwáHs > *diȷ́ʰwáHs > *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáHs > *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH.\nAnother hypothesis, that is more phonologically sound, is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰi-ǵʰwH-eh₂, a reduplicated noun from *ǵʰewH- (“to invoke”) (whence Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰwáyati). As described by Grassmann's law, in PII the initial consonant loses its aspiration due to the next one being aspirated. Avestan displays dissimilation from an earlier *zizuuā. Reduplicated nouns in PIE are also not unprecedented; note the very common *kʷékʷlos (“wheel”). However, Nuristani evidence (especially from Kamkata-viri and Prasun) points to an earlier preform *diȷ́ʰwáH, which may point to the original Proto-Indo-European word albeit with some remodeling. A similar shift from *diǵʰ- to jih- in Sanskrit is exhibited by जिह्म (jihmá).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "iir-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aH-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaH",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰway",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰway",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰway",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰway",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwayaH",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰyā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰiš",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwayaHs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰyā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰyas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwayaHy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰyā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰyas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwayaHs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwāyās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHnām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwayaH",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwayaHm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwāyaw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHsu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "iir-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "head4": "",
        "head5": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "iir-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
  "lang_code": "iir-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Avestan terms in nonstandard scripts",
          "parents": [
            "Terms in nonstandard scripts",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "tongue"
      ],
      "id": "en-ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH-iir-pro-noun-snFSEtk5",
      "links": [
        [
          "tongue",
          "tongue"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*ȷ́iźʰwáH"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́iźʰwáH",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́iźʰwáH"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "जिह्वा",
            "3": "जुहू",
            "tr": "jihvā́",
            "tr2": "juhū́"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: जिह्वा (jihvā́), जुहू (juhū́)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: जिह्वा (jihvā́), जुहू (juhū́) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*hižwáH"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *hižwáH",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *hižwáH (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-nur-pro",
            "2": "*diȷ́ū́",
            "3": "*duȷ́ū́"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Nuristani: *diȷ́ū́, *duȷ́ū́",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Nuristani: *diȷ́ū́, *duȷ́ū́"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Northern Nuristani:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bsh",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Kamkata-viri:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kamkata-viri:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xvi",
            "2": "díć"
          },
          "expansion": "Kamviri: díć",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kamviri: díć"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "bsh-kat",
            "2": "díz"
          },
          "expansion": "Kativiri: díz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Kativiri: díz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "prn",
            "2": "luzúk"
          },
          "expansion": "Prasuni: luzúk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Prasuni: luzúk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Southern Nuristani:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ask",
            "2": "žū́"
          },
          "expansion": "Ashkun: žū́",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ashkun: žū́ (< earlier *dəjū́)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "iir-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "iir-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*ǵʰi-ǵʰwH-eh₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰi-ǵʰwH-eh₂",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "iir-pro",
        "2": "*ȷ́ʰwáyati"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰwáyati",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Doubtfully from Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s > *dn̥ȷ́ʰwáHs > *diȷ́ʰwáHs > *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáHs > *ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH.\nAnother hypothesis, that is more phonologically sound, is from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰi-ǵʰwH-eh₂, a reduplicated noun from *ǵʰewH- (“to invoke”) (whence Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰwáyati). As described by Grassmann's law, in PII the initial consonant loses its aspiration due to the next one being aspirated. Avestan displays dissimilation from an earlier *zizuuā. Reduplicated nouns in PIE are also not unprecedented; note the very common *kʷékʷlos (“wheel”). However, Nuristani evidence (especially from Kamkata-viri and Prasun) points to an earlier preform *diȷ́ʰwáH, which may point to the original Proto-Indo-European word albeit with some remodeling. A similar shift from *diǵʰ- to jih- in Sanskrit is exhibited by जिह्म (jihmá).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "iir-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "aH-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaH",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰway",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰway",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰway",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰway",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwayaH",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰyā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰiš",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwayaHs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰyā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰyas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwayaHy",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰyā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰyām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHbʰyas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwayaHs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwāyās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHnām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwayaH",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwayaHm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwāyaw",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwaHsu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "iir-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "head4": "",
        "head5": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "iir-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
  "lang_code": "iir-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Avestan terms in nonstandard scripts",
        "Proto-Indo-Iranian aH-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Indo-Iranian feminine nouns",
        "Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
        "Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns",
        "Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
        "iir-pro:Anatomy"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "tongue"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tongue",
          "tongue"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH"
}