See ćákr̥ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śákr̥"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śákr̥",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śákr̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शकृत्",
"tr": "śákṛt"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शकृत् (śákṛt)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शकृत् (śákṛt) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*cákr̥"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *cákr̥",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *cákr̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "سغن",
"t": "dung",
"tr": "saġan"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi: سغن (saġan, “dung”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi: سغن (saġan, “dung”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"t": "dung, manure",
"tr": "slgyn'",
"ts": "sargēn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (slgyn' /sargēn/, “dung, manure”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (slgyn' /sargēn/, “dung, manure”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "سرگین",
"t": "dung",
"tr": "sargēn"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian: سرگین (sargēn, “dung”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Persian: سرگین (sargēn, “dung”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "سِرْجِين",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic: سِرْجِين (sirjīn), سِرْقِين (sirqīn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: سِرْجِين (sirjīn), سِرْقِين (sirqīn)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"tr": "satana"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: [script needed] (satana)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Khotanese: [script needed] (satana) (< *sakan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-nur-pro",
"2": "*cakírta",
"3": "*cakā́na"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Nuristani: *cakírta, *cakā́na",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Nuristani: *cakírta, *cakā́na (< *ćákr̥t ~ *ćaknás)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Nuristani:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Kamkata-viri:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kamkata-viri:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xvi",
"2": "ćíṭ",
"3": "ćṹ"
},
"expansion": "Kamviri: ćíṭ, ćṹ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kamviri: ćíṭ, ćṹ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh-kat",
"2": "ćíṭ",
"3": "ćú"
},
"expansion": "Kativiri: ćíṭ, ćú",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kativiri: ćíṭ, ćú"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prn",
"2": "žiṭe",
"3": "zõ"
},
"expansion": "Prasuni: žiṭe, zõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Prasuni: žiṭe, zõ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Nuristani:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ask",
"2": "gasā̃́"
},
"expansion": "Ashkun: gasā̃́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ashkun: gasā̃́ (< *gā́wā-cakā́na)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wbk",
"2": "ćoṭ"
},
"expansion": "Waigali: ćoṭ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Waigali: ćoṭ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱókʷr̥",
"4": "",
"5": "dung"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱókʷr̥ (“dung”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ḱókʷr̥ (“dung”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ćákr̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćákniH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ćákār",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćákr̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ćákniH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ćákār",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ćákr̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćákniH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ćákār",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćaknáH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakábʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakábʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakábʰiš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćaknás",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakábʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakábʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakábʰyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćaknáy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakábʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakábʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakábʰyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćaknás",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakaHā́s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ćaknáHam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakán",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakáni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakaHáw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakásu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*ćákr̥ n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ćakn",
"altgsg": "1",
"g": "n"
},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ćákr̥",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dung, excrement, faeces"
],
"id": "en-ćákr̥-iir-pro-noun-9NgkJNsB",
"links": [
[
"dung",
"dung"
],
[
"excrement",
"excrement"
],
[
"faeces",
"faeces"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ćákr̥"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*śákr̥"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śákr̥",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śákr̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शकृत्",
"tr": "śákṛt"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: शकृत् (śákṛt)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: शकृत् (śákṛt) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*cákr̥"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *cákr̥",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *cákr̥"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "سغن",
"t": "dung",
"tr": "saġan"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi: سغن (saġan, “dung”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi: سغن (saġan, “dung”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"t": "dung, manure",
"tr": "slgyn'",
"ts": "sargēn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (slgyn' /sargēn/, “dung, manure”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (slgyn' /sargēn/, “dung, manure”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "سرگین",
"t": "dung",
"tr": "sargēn"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian: سرگین (sargēn, “dung”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Persian: سرگین (sargēn, “dung”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "سِرْجِين",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic: سِرْجِين (sirjīn), سِرْقِين (sirqīn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: سِرْجِين (sirjīn), سِرْقِين (sirqīn)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"tr": "satana"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: [script needed] (satana)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Khotanese: [script needed] (satana) (< *sakan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-nur-pro",
"2": "*cakírta",
"3": "*cakā́na"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Nuristani: *cakírta, *cakā́na",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Nuristani: *cakírta, *cakā́na (< *ćákr̥t ~ *ćaknás)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Nuristani:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Kamkata-viri:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kamkata-viri:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xvi",
"2": "ćíṭ",
"3": "ćṹ"
},
"expansion": "Kamviri: ćíṭ, ćṹ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kamviri: ćíṭ, ćṹ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bsh-kat",
"2": "ćíṭ",
"3": "ćú"
},
"expansion": "Kativiri: ćíṭ, ćú",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Kativiri: ćíṭ, ćú"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prn",
"2": "žiṭe",
"3": "zõ"
},
"expansion": "Prasuni: žiṭe, zõ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Prasuni: žiṭe, zõ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Nuristani:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ask",
"2": "gasā̃́"
},
"expansion": "Ashkun: gasā̃́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ashkun: gasā̃́ (< *gā́wā-cakā́na)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wbk",
"2": "ćoṭ"
},
"expansion": "Waigali: ćoṭ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Waigali: ćoṭ"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱókʷr̥",
"4": "",
"5": "dung"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱókʷr̥ (“dung”)",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *ḱókʷr̥ (“dung”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ćákr̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćákniH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ćákār",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćákr̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ćákniH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ćákār",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ćákr̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćákniH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ćákār",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćaknáH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakábʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakábʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakábʰiš",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćaknás",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakábʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakábʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakábʰyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćaknáy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakábʰyā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakábʰyām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakábʰyaH",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćaknás",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakaHā́s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ćaknáHam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakán",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakáni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakaHáw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "ćakásu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*ćákr̥ n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ćakn",
"altgsg": "1",
"g": "n"
},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ćákr̥",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian consonant stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian neuter nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"dung, excrement, faeces"
],
"links": [
[
"dung",
"dung"
],
[
"excrement",
"excrement"
],
[
"faeces",
"faeces"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ćákr̥"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ćákr̥ meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (3dadd05 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.