See úštras in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for úštras meaning in Proto-Indo-Iranian (5.6kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*úǵtr-o-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *úǵtr-o-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-os",
"alt1": "*uǵ-tḗr ~ *uǵ-trés",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "*uǵ-tḗr ~ *uǵ-trés + *-os",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*weǵ-",
"3": "*tḗr",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "to increase; to be strong"
},
"expansion": "*weǵ- (“to increase; to be strong”) + *-tḗr",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ústr-o-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ústr-o-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-os",
"alt1": "*us-tḗr ~ *us-trés",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "inseminator"
},
"expansion": "*us-tḗr ~ *us-trés (“inseminator”) + *-os",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*wes-",
"3": "*tḗr",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "wet, damp"
},
"expansion": "*wes- (“wet, damp”) + *-tḗr",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ūsros",
"3": "",
"4": "aurochs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ūsros (“aurochs”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ūraz",
"t": "aurochs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ūraz (“aurochs”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; possibly:\n* from Proto-Indo-European *úǵtr-o-s, from *uǵ-tḗr ~ *uǵ-trés + *-os, from *weǵ- (“to increase; to be strong”) + *-tḗr,\n* from Proto-Indo-European *ústr-o-s, from *us-tḗr ~ *us-trés (“inseminator”) + *-os, from *wes- (“wet, damp”) + *-tḗr,\n* or borrowed from a substrate language, perhaps via Proto-Indo-European *ūsros (“aurochs”), compare Proto-Germanic *ūraz (“aurochs”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "úštras",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-āsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "úštra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-āsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "úštram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrāns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "úštraybʰyaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ābʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrāyš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "úštraybʰyaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ābʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "úštraybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrāy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "úštraybʰyaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ābʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "úštraybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrayās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrānam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrānaHm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "úštray",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrayaw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrayšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*úštras m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/úštras",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"camel"
],
"id": "en-úštras-iir-pro-noun-SBJYXpRJ",
"links": [
[
"camel",
"camel"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"buffalo"
],
"id": "en-úštras-iir-pro-noun-GYvsr5xF",
"links": [
[
"buffalo",
"buffalo"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"de:Brian D. Joseph"
],
"word": "úštras"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-Iranian a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian nouns",
"Proto-Indo-Iranian terms with unknown etymologies",
"iir-pro:Mammals"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*úǵtr-o-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *úǵtr-o-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-os",
"alt1": "*uǵ-tḗr ~ *uǵ-trés",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "*uǵ-tḗr ~ *uǵ-trés + *-os",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*weǵ-",
"3": "*tḗr",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "to increase; to be strong"
},
"expansion": "*weǵ- (“to increase; to be strong”) + *-tḗr",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ústr-o-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ústr-o-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-os",
"alt1": "*us-tḗr ~ *us-trés",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "inseminator"
},
"expansion": "*us-tḗr ~ *us-trés (“inseminator”) + *-os",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*wes-",
"3": "*tḗr",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "wet, damp"
},
"expansion": "*wes- (“wet, damp”) + *-tḗr",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ūsros",
"3": "",
"4": "aurochs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ūsros (“aurochs”)",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*ūraz",
"t": "aurochs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ūraz (“aurochs”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; possibly:\n* from Proto-Indo-European *úǵtr-o-s, from *uǵ-tḗr ~ *uǵ-trés + *-os, from *weǵ- (“to increase; to be strong”) + *-tḗr,\n* from Proto-Indo-European *ústr-o-s, from *us-tḗr ~ *us-trés (“inseminator”) + *-os, from *wes- (“wet, damp”) + *-tḗr,\n* or borrowed from a substrate language, perhaps via Proto-Indo-European *ūsros (“aurochs”), compare Proto-Germanic *ūraz (“aurochs”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "iir-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "masculine a-stem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "úštras",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-āsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "úštra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-āsas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "úštram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrāns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "úštraybʰyaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-ābʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrāyš",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrāt",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "úštraybʰyaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ābʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "úštraybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrāy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "úštraybʰyaH",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-ābʰyām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "úštraybʰyas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrasya",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrayās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrānam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrānaHm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "úštray",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrayaw",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "úštrayšu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*úštras m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "iir-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/úštras",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"camel"
],
"links": [
[
"camel",
"camel"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"buffalo"
],
"links": [
[
"buffalo",
"buffalo"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"de:Brian D. Joseph"
],
"word": "úštras"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-Iranian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (372f256 and 664a3bc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.