See wéh₁itis in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*wīˀtis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wīˀtis\nEast Baltic:\nLithuanian: vytìs (“twig”)\nProto-Slavic: *vitь (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wīˀtis\nEast Baltic:\nLithuanian: vytìs (“twig”)\nProto-Slavic: *vitь (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*weitis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *weitis",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *weitis (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*wiþiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *wiþiz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *wiþiz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*wītis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *wītis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *wītis"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vītis"
},
"expansion": "Latin: vītis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: vītis"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἰτέα",
"gloss": "willow"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἰτέα (itéa, “willow”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἰτέα (itéa, “willow”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "գի",
"t": "juniper"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: գի (gi, “juniper”)\nArmenian: (literary) գի (gi), (Zeitun) գՙէ (gʻē), (Pingan) գՙի (gʻi, “cypress”)\n→ Georgian: გია (gia)\n⇒ Old Armenian: *գիհենի (*giheni) (with the botanical suffix -ենի (-eni))\nArmenian: կէ՛նի (kḗni) — Lori, կէ՛նէ (kḗnē) — Karabakh, իգէ՛նէ (igḗnē) — Karadagh",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: գի (gi, “juniper”)\nArmenian: (literary) գի (gi), (Zeitun) գՙէ (gʻē), (Pingan) գՙի (gʻi, “cypress”)\n→ Georgian: გია (gia)\n⇒ Old Armenian: *գիհենի (*giheni) (with the botanical suffix -ենի (-eni))\nArmenian: կէ՛նի (kḗni) — Lori, կէ՛նէ (kḗnē) — Karabakh, իգէ՛նէ (igḗnē) — Karadagh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ccs-pro",
"2": "*ɣwiw-",
"bor": "1",
"t": "juniper",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Kartvelian: *ɣwiw- (“juniper”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Kartvelian: *ɣwiw- (“juniper”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*waytasás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *waytasás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *waytasás"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*waytasás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *waytasás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *waytasás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वेतस",
"3": "वेत्र",
"4": "वैतस",
"gloss": "Calamus rotang or another kind of similar reed",
"gloss2": "a big kind of Calamus",
"tr": "vetasá",
"tr2": "vétra",
"tr3": "vaitasá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: वेतस (vetasá, “Calamus rotang or another kind of similar reed”), वेत्र (vétra, “a big kind of Calamus”), वैतस (vaitasá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: वेतस (vetasá, “Calamus rotang or another kind of similar reed”), वेत्र (vétra, “a big kind of Calamus”), वैतस (vaitasá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*waytaháh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *waytaháh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *waytaháh"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬌",
"t": "willow"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬌 (vaēti, “willow”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬌 (vaēti, “willow”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hawramî: ۋیکۆڵ (ʋīkɔł, “willow”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: bî (“willow”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Kurdish: بی (bî, “willow”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Kurdish: ڤێ (vê, “willow”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "",
"gloss": "willow",
"tr": "wyt",
"ts": "wēd"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (wyt /wēd/, “willow”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (wyt /wēd/, “willow”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "بید",
"tr": "bid"
},
"expansion": "Persian: بید (bid)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: بید (bid)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "bîd",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Northern Kurdish: bîd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Northern Kurdish: bîd"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ossetian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Digor: уедагӕ (wedagæ), едагӕ (edagæ, “root”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Iron: уи́даг (wídag)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "وله",
"gloss": "willow",
"tr": "wala"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: وله (wala, “willow”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: وله (wala, “willow”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "vîyale",
"t": "willow"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: vîyale (“willow”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: vîyale (“willow”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*weh₁y-",
"3": "*-tis",
"pos2": "abstract or action suffix",
"t1": "to twine, wind"
},
"expansion": "*weh₁y- (“to twine, wind”) + *-tis (abstract or action suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *weh₁y- (“to twine, wind”) + *-tis (abstract or action suffix).\nThe reconstruction of the underlying root is heavily debated. Beekes, De Vaan, and Derksen all reconstruct *weh₁i-, each using the oblique, zero-grade stem (*uh₁i-ti-) as the etymon for the Hellenic, Italic, and Balto-Slavic branches respectively. Fortson agrees that the oblique, zero-grade stems of many nouns in *-tis and *-tus were generalized in Indo-Aryan, Hellenic, and many other branches. Other examples include:\n* *bʰértis > *bʰŕ̥tis → Old Armenian բարդ (bard), Celtic *britis (Old Irish brith, Middle Welsh bryd), Germanic *burþiz, Italic *forts (Latin fors), Sanskrit भृति (bhr̥tí)\n* *pértus > *pŕ̥tus → Celtic *ɸritus (Brythonic *rrɨd), Germanic *furduz, Iranian *pr̥tuš (Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬎 (pər^ətu)), Italic *portus\nMatasović instead reconstructs *weyh₁-, pointing out that, in Celtic, a laryngeal is lost after the diphthong -ey- and before a consonant (/eyHC/ → /eyC/) and also that -ey- regularly becomes -ē-. However, given the evidence of other Celtic nouns derived from *-tis and *-tus (*bʰértis > *britis, *ǵéwstus > *gustus, *pértus > *ɸritus), Celtic also appears to favor the zero-grade for these nouns, making the reconstruction *wéyh₁tis untenable. It is unclear whether *uh₁ítis regularly gives Celtic *wētis, but *wih₁-, the zero-grade of *weyh₁-, certainly would not.\nThe LIV in turn reconstructs *wyeh₁- for the verbs meaning “to wrap, twine” (Latin vieō, Sanskrit व्ययति (vyáyati), Slavic *viti); though De Vaan rejects this proposal.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "wéh₁itis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wéh₁itih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "wéh₁itih₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "wéh₁iteyes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wéh₁iti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wéh₁itih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wéh₁itih₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wéh₁iteyes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wéh₁itim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wéh₁itih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "wéh₁itih₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "wéh₁itims",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "uh₁itéys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "uh₁itéyoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "uh₁itéys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "uh₁itímos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "uh₁itéyey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "uh₁itímos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "uh₁itéy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uh₁itḗy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "uh₁itísu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "uh₁itíh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "uh₁itímis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*wéh₁itis f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wéh₁iti",
"2": "uh₁itéy",
"ac": "proterokinetic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wéh₁itis",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "uh₁itus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "82 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "92 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-tis",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"that which twines or bends"
],
"id": "en-wéh₁itis-ine-pro-noun-eDZ0UYNh",
"links": [
[
"twines",
"twines"
],
[
"bends",
"bends"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"branch, switch"
],
"id": "en-wéh₁itis-ine-pro-noun-zd~Blxr3",
"links": [
[
"branch",
"branch"
],
[
"switch",
"switch"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "wéh₁itis"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European feminine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European proterokinetic ti-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-tis"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*wīˀtis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wīˀtis\nEast Baltic:\nLithuanian: vytìs (“twig”)\nProto-Slavic: *vitь (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wīˀtis\nEast Baltic:\nLithuanian: vytìs (“twig”)\nProto-Slavic: *vitь (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*weitis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *weitis",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *weitis (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*wiþiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *wiþiz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *wiþiz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*wītis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *wītis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *wītis"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vītis"
},
"expansion": "Latin: vītis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: vītis"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἰτέα",
"gloss": "willow"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἰτέα (itéa, “willow”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἰτέα (itéa, “willow”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "գի",
"t": "juniper"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: գի (gi, “juniper”)\nArmenian: (literary) գի (gi), (Zeitun) գՙէ (gʻē), (Pingan) գՙի (gʻi, “cypress”)\n→ Georgian: გია (gia)\n⇒ Old Armenian: *գիհենի (*giheni) (with the botanical suffix -ենի (-eni))\nArmenian: կէ՛նի (kḗni) — Lori, կէ՛նէ (kḗnē) — Karabakh, իգէ՛նէ (igḗnē) — Karadagh",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: գի (gi, “juniper”)\nArmenian: (literary) գի (gi), (Zeitun) գՙէ (gʻē), (Pingan) գՙի (gʻi, “cypress”)\n→ Georgian: გია (gia)\n⇒ Old Armenian: *գիհենի (*giheni) (with the botanical suffix -ենի (-eni))\nArmenian: կէ՛նի (kḗni) — Lori, կէ՛նէ (kḗnē) — Karabakh, իգէ՛նէ (igḗnē) — Karadagh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ccs-pro",
"2": "*ɣwiw-",
"bor": "1",
"t": "juniper",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Proto-Kartvelian: *ɣwiw- (“juniper”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Proto-Kartvelian: *ɣwiw- (“juniper”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*waytasás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *waytasás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *waytasás"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*waytasás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *waytasás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *waytasás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "वेतस",
"3": "वेत्र",
"4": "वैतस",
"gloss": "Calamus rotang or another kind of similar reed",
"gloss2": "a big kind of Calamus",
"tr": "vetasá",
"tr2": "vétra",
"tr3": "vaitasá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: वेतस (vetasá, “Calamus rotang or another kind of similar reed”), वेत्र (vétra, “a big kind of Calamus”), वैतस (vaitasá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: वेतस (vetasá, “Calamus rotang or another kind of similar reed”), वेत्र (vétra, “a big kind of Calamus”), वैतस (vaitasá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*waytaháh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *waytaháh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *waytaháh"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬌",
"t": "willow"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬌 (vaēti, “willow”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬌 (vaēti, “willow”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hawramî: ۋیکۆڵ (ʋīkɔł, “willow”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: bî (“willow”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Central Kurdish: بی (bî, “willow”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Kurdish: ڤێ (vê, “willow”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "",
"gloss": "willow",
"tr": "wyt",
"ts": "wēd"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (wyt /wēd/, “willow”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (wyt /wēd/, “willow”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "بید",
"tr": "bid"
},
"expansion": "Persian: بید (bid)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: بید (bid)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "bîd",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Northern Kurdish: bîd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Northern Kurdish: bîd"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ossetian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Digor: уедагӕ (wedagæ), едагӕ (edagæ, “root”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Iron: уи́даг (wídag)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "وله",
"gloss": "willow",
"tr": "wala"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: وله (wala, “willow”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: وله (wala, “willow”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "vîyale",
"t": "willow"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: vîyale (“willow”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: vîyale (“willow”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*weh₁y-",
"3": "*-tis",
"pos2": "abstract or action suffix",
"t1": "to twine, wind"
},
"expansion": "*weh₁y- (“to twine, wind”) + *-tis (abstract or action suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *weh₁y- (“to twine, wind”) + *-tis (abstract or action suffix).\nThe reconstruction of the underlying root is heavily debated. Beekes, De Vaan, and Derksen all reconstruct *weh₁i-, each using the oblique, zero-grade stem (*uh₁i-ti-) as the etymon for the Hellenic, Italic, and Balto-Slavic branches respectively. Fortson agrees that the oblique, zero-grade stems of many nouns in *-tis and *-tus were generalized in Indo-Aryan, Hellenic, and many other branches. Other examples include:\n* *bʰértis > *bʰŕ̥tis → Old Armenian բարդ (bard), Celtic *britis (Old Irish brith, Middle Welsh bryd), Germanic *burþiz, Italic *forts (Latin fors), Sanskrit भृति (bhr̥tí)\n* *pértus > *pŕ̥tus → Celtic *ɸritus (Brythonic *rrɨd), Germanic *furduz, Iranian *pr̥tuš (Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬎 (pər^ətu)), Italic *portus\nMatasović instead reconstructs *weyh₁-, pointing out that, in Celtic, a laryngeal is lost after the diphthong -ey- and before a consonant (/eyHC/ → /eyC/) and also that -ey- regularly becomes -ē-. However, given the evidence of other Celtic nouns derived from *-tis and *-tus (*bʰértis > *britis, *ǵéwstus > *gustus, *pértus > *ɸritus), Celtic also appears to favor the zero-grade for these nouns, making the reconstruction *wéyh₁tis untenable. It is unclear whether *uh₁ítis regularly gives Celtic *wētis, but *wih₁-, the zero-grade of *weyh₁-, certainly would not.\nThe LIV in turn reconstructs *wyeh₁- for the verbs meaning “to wrap, twine” (Latin vieō, Sanskrit व्ययति (vyáyati), Slavic *viti); though De Vaan rejects this proposal.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "wéh₁itis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wéh₁itih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "wéh₁itih₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "wéh₁iteyes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wéh₁iti",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wéh₁itih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wéh₁itih₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wéh₁iteyes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wéh₁itim",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wéh₁itih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "wéh₁itih₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "wéh₁itims",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "uh₁itéys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "uh₁itéyoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "uh₁itéys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "uh₁itímos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "uh₁itéyey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "uh₁itímos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "uh₁itéy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "uh₁itḗy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "uh₁itísu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "uh₁itíh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "uh₁itímis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*wéh₁itis f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wéh₁iti",
"2": "uh₁itéy",
"ac": "proterokinetic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wéh₁itis",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "uh₁itus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"that which twines or bends"
],
"links": [
[
"twines",
"twines"
],
[
"bends",
"bends"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ine-pro:Trees"
],
"glosses": [
"branch, switch"
],
"links": [
[
"branch",
"branch"
],
[
"switch",
"switch"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "wéh₁itis"
}
Download raw JSONL data for wéh₁itis meaning in Proto-Indo-European (11.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.