"wéh₁itis" meaning in All languages combined

See wéh₁itis on Wiktionary

Noun [Proto-Indo-European]

Etymology: From *weh₁y- (“to twine, wind”) + *-tis (abstract or action suffix). The reconstruction of the underlying root is heavily debated. Beekes, De Vaan, and Derksen all reconstruct *weh₁i-, each using the oblique, zero-grade stem (*uh₁i-ti-) as the etymon for the Hellenic, Italic, and Balto-Slavic branches respectively. Fortson agrees that the oblique, zero-grade stems of many nouns in *-tis and *-tus were generalized in Indo-Aryan, Hellenic, and many other branches. Other examples include: * *bʰértis > *bʰŕ̥tis → Old Armenian բարդ (bard), Celtic *britis (Old Irish brith, Middle Welsh bryd), Germanic *burþiz, Italic *forts (Latin fors), Sanskrit भृति (bhr̥tí) * *pértus > *pŕ̥tus → Celtic *ɸritus (Brythonic *rrɨd), Germanic *furduz, Iranian *pr̥tuš (Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬎 (pər^ətu)), Italic *portus Matasović instead reconstructs *weyh₁-, pointing out that, in Celtic, a laryngeal is lost after the diphthong -ey- and before a consonant (/eyHC/ → /eyC/) and also that -ey- regularly becomes -ē-. However, given the evidence of other Celtic nouns derived from *-tis and *-tus (*bʰértis > *britis, *ǵéwstus > *gustus, *pértus > *ɸritus), Celtic also appears to favor the zero-grade for these nouns, making the reconstruction *wéyh₁tis untenable. It is unclear whether *uh₁ítis regularly gives Celtic *wētis, but *wih₁-, the zero-grade of *weyh₁-, certainly would not. The LIV in turn reconstructs *wyeh₁- for the verbs meaning “to wrap, twine” (Latin vieō, Sanskrit व्ययति (vyáyati), Slavic *viti); though De Vaan rejects this proposal. Etymology templates: {{suffix|ine-pro|*weh₁y-|*-tis|pos2=abstract or action suffix|t1=to twine, wind}} *weh₁y- (“to twine, wind”) + *-tis (abstract or action suffix), {{m|ine-pro||*weh₁i-}} *weh₁i-, {{m|ine-pro||*uh₁i-ti-}} *uh₁i-ti-, {{m|ine-pro|*-tis}} *-tis, {{m|ine-pro|*-tus}} *-tus, {{m|ine-pro|*bʰértis}} *bʰértis, {{m|ine-pro||*bʰŕ̥tis}} *bʰŕ̥tis, {{m|xcl|բարդ}} բարդ (bard), {{m|cel-pro|*britis}} *britis, {{m|sga|brith}} brith, {{m|wlm|bryd}} bryd, {{m|gem-pro|*burþiz}} *burþiz, {{m|itc-pro|*forts}} *forts, {{m|la|fors}} fors, {{m|sa|भृति|tr=bhr̥tí}} भृति (bhr̥tí), {{m|ine-pro|*pértus}} *pértus, {{m|ine-pro||*pŕ̥tus}} *pŕ̥tus, {{m|cel-pro|*ɸritus}} *ɸritus, {{l|cel-bry-pro|*rrɨd}} *rrɨd, {{m|gem-pro|*furduz}} *furduz, {{m|ira-pro|*pr̥tuš}} *pr̥tuš, {{l|ae|𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬎}} 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬎 (pər^ətu), {{m|itc-pro|*portus}} *portus, {{m|ine-pro||*weyh₁-}} *weyh₁-, {{m|ine-pro|*-tis}} *-tis, {{m|ine-pro|*-tus}} *-tus, {{m|ine-pro|*bʰértis}} *bʰértis, {{m|cel-pro|*britis}} *britis, {{m|ine-pro|*ǵéwstus}} *ǵéwstus, {{m|cel-pro|*gustus}} *gustus, {{m|ine-pro|*pértus}} *pértus, {{m|cel-pro|*ɸritus}} *ɸritus, {{m|ine-pro||*wéyh₁tis}} *wéyh₁tis, {{m|ine-pro||*uh₁ítis}} *uh₁ítis, {{m|cel-pro|*wētis}} *wētis, {{m|ine-pro||*wih₁-}} *wih₁-, {{m|ine-pro||*weyh₁-}} *weyh₁-, {{m|ine-pro||*wyeh₁-}} *wyeh₁-, {{m|la|vieō}} vieō, {{l|sa|व्ययति|tr=vyáyati}} व्ययति (vyáyati), {{m|sla-pro|*viti}} *viti Head templates: {{head|ine-pro|noun|g=f|g2=|g3=|head=|head2=|head3=|head4=|head5=}} *wéh₁itis f Inflection templates: {{ine-decl-noun-mf|wéh₁iti|uh₁itéy|ac=proterokinetic}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], wéh₁itis [nominative, singular], wéh₁itih₁ [dual, nominative], wéh₁itih₁e [dual, nominative], wéh₁iteyes [nominative, plural], wéh₁iti [singular, vocative], wéh₁itih₁ [dual, vocative], wéh₁itih₁e [dual, vocative], wéh₁iteyes [plural, vocative], wéh₁itim [accusative, singular], wéh₁itih₁ [accusative, dual], wéh₁itih₁e [accusative, dual], wéh₁itims [accusative, plural], uh₁itéys [genitive, singular], - [dual, genitive], uh₁itéyoHom [genitive, plural], uh₁itéys [ablative, singular], - [ablative, dual], uh₁itímos [ablative, plural], uh₁itéyey [dative, singular], - [dative, dual], uh₁itímos [dative, plural], uh₁itéy [locative, singular], uh₁itḗy [locative, singular], - [dual, locative], uh₁itísu [locative, plural], uh₁itíh₁ [instrumental, singular], - [dual, instrumental], uh₁itímis [instrumental, plural]
  1. that which twines or bends Tags: feminine, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-wéh₁itis-ine-pro-noun-eDZ0UYNh Categories (other): Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-tis Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header: 85 15 Disambiguation of Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-tis: 93 7
  2. branch, switch Tags: feminine, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-wéh₁itis-ine-pro-noun-zd~Blxr3
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: uh₁itus

Download JSON data for wéh₁itis meaning in All languages combined (16.0kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
            "2": "*wīˀtis"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wīˀtis\nEast Baltic:\nLithuanian: vytìs (“twig”)\nProto-Slavic: *vitь (see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wīˀtis\nEast Baltic:\nLithuanian: vytìs (“twig”)\nProto-Slavic: *vitь (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*wētis"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *wētis",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *wētis (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*wiþiz"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *wiþiz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *wiþiz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*wītis"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *wītis",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *wītis"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "vītis"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: vītis",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: vītis"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "ἰτέα",
            "gloss": "willow"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἰτέα (itéa, “willow”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: ἰτέα (itéa, “willow”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Armenian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xcl",
            "2": "գի",
            "t": "juniper"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Armenian: գի (gi, “juniper”)\nArmenian: (literary) գի (gi), (Zeitun) գՙէ (gʻē), (Pingan) գՙի (gʻi, “cypress”)\n→ Georgian: გია (gia)\n⇒ Old Armenian: *գիհենի (*giheni) (with the botanical suffix -ենի (-eni))\nArmenian: կէ՛նի (kḗni) — Lori, կէ՛նէ (kḗnē) — Karabakh, իգէ՛նէ (igḗnē) — Karadagh",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Armenian: գի (gi, “juniper”)\nArmenian: (literary) գի (gi), (Zeitun) գՙէ (gʻē), (Pingan) գՙի (gʻi, “cypress”)\n→ Georgian: გია (gia)\n⇒ Old Armenian: *գիհենի (*giheni) (with the botanical suffix -ենի (-eni))\nArmenian: կէ՛նի (kḗni) — Lori, կէ՛նէ (kḗnē) — Karabakh, իգէ՛նէ (igḗnē) — Karadagh"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ccs-pro",
            "2": "*ɣwiw-",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "juniper",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→? Proto-Kartvelian: *ɣwiw- (“juniper”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→? Proto-Kartvelian: *ɣwiw- (“juniper”) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*waytasás"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *waytasás",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *waytasás"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*waytasás"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *waytasás",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *waytasás"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "वेतस",
            "3": "वेत्र",
            "4": "वैतस",
            "gloss": "Calamus rotang or another kind of similar reed",
            "gloss2": "a big kind of Calamus",
            "tr": "vetasá",
            "tr2": "vétra",
            "tr3": "vaitasá"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: वेतस (vetasá, “Calamus rotang or another kind of similar reed”), वेत्र (vétra, “a big kind of Calamus”), वैतस (vaitasá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: वेतस (vetasá, “Calamus rotang or another kind of similar reed”), वेत्र (vétra, “a big kind of Calamus”), वैतस (vaitasá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pi",
            "2": "vetasa",
            "3": "vetta"
          },
          "expansion": "Pali: vetasa, vetta",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pali: vetasa, vetta"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pra-sau",
            "2": "वेदस",
            "3": "वेत्त"
          },
          "expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit: वेदस (vedasa), वेत्त (vĕtta)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sauraseni Prakrit: वेदस (vedasa), वेत्त (vĕtta)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "बेत",
            "t": "cane"
          },
          "expansion": "Hindi: बेत (bet, “cane”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hindi: बेत (bet, “cane”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*waytaháh"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *waytaháh",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *waytaháh"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ae",
            "2": "𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬌",
            "t": "willow"
          },
          "expansion": "Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬌 (vaēti, “willow”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬌 (vaēti, “willow”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hac",
            "2": "ۋیکۆڵ",
            "t": "willow",
            "tr": "ʋīkɔł"
          },
          "expansion": "ۋیکۆڵ (ʋīkɔł, “willow”)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hawramî: ۋیکۆڵ (ʋīkɔł, “willow”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Kurdish:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kmr",
            "2": "bî",
            "t": "willow"
          },
          "expansion": "bî (“willow”)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Northern Kurdish: bî (“willow”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ckb",
            "2": "بی",
            "t": "willow"
          },
          "expansion": "بی (bî, “willow”)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Central Kurdish: بی (bî, “willow”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sdh",
            "2": "ڤێ",
            "t": "willow"
          },
          "expansion": "ڤێ (vê, “willow”)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Southern Kurdish: ڤێ (vê, “willow”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pal",
            "2": "",
            "gloss": "willow",
            "tr": "wyt",
            "ts": "wēd"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (wyt /⁠wēd⁠/, “willow”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (wyt /⁠wēd⁠/, “willow”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fa",
            "2": "بید",
            "tr": "bid"
          },
          "expansion": "Persian: بید (bid)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Persian: بید (bid)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kmr",
            "2": "bîd",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Northern Kurdish: bîd",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Northern Kurdish: bîd"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Ossetian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "os",
            "2": "уедагӕ"
          },
          "expansion": "уедагӕ (wedagæ)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "os",
            "2": "едагӕ",
            "gloss": "root"
          },
          "expansion": "едагӕ (edagæ, “root”)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Digor: уедагӕ (wedagæ), едагӕ (edagæ, “root”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "os",
            "2": "уи́даг"
          },
          "expansion": "уи́даг (wídag)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Iron: уи́даг (wídag)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ps",
            "2": "وله",
            "gloss": "willow",
            "tr": "wala"
          },
          "expansion": "Pashto: وله (wala, “willow”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pashto: وله (wala, “willow”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zza",
            "2": "vîyale",
            "t": "willow"
          },
          "expansion": "Zazaki: vîyale (“willow”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Zazaki: vîyale (“willow”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*weh₁y-",
        "3": "*-tis",
        "pos2": "abstract or action suffix",
        "t1": "to twine, wind"
      },
      "expansion": "*weh₁y- (“to twine, wind”) + *-tis (abstract or action suffix)",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*weh₁i-"
      },
      "expansion": "*weh₁i-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*uh₁i-ti-"
      },
      "expansion": "*uh₁i-ti-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*-tis"
      },
      "expansion": "*-tis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*-tus"
      },
      "expansion": "*-tus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*bʰértis"
      },
      "expansion": "*bʰértis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*bʰŕ̥tis"
      },
      "expansion": "*bʰŕ̥tis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "բարդ"
      },
      "expansion": "բարդ (bard)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*britis"
      },
      "expansion": "*britis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "brith"
      },
      "expansion": "brith",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "bryd"
      },
      "expansion": "bryd",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*burþiz"
      },
      "expansion": "*burþiz",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "*forts"
      },
      "expansion": "*forts",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "fors"
      },
      "expansion": "fors",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "भृति",
        "tr": "bhr̥tí"
      },
      "expansion": "भृति (bhr̥tí)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*pértus"
      },
      "expansion": "*pértus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*pŕ̥tus"
      },
      "expansion": "*pŕ̥tus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*ɸritus"
      },
      "expansion": "*ɸritus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-bry-pro",
        "2": "*rrɨd"
      },
      "expansion": "*rrɨd",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*furduz"
      },
      "expansion": "*furduz",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ira-pro",
        "2": "*pr̥tuš"
      },
      "expansion": "*pr̥tuš",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬎"
      },
      "expansion": "𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬎 (pər^ətu)",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "*portus"
      },
      "expansion": "*portus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*weyh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "*weyh₁-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*-tis"
      },
      "expansion": "*-tis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*-tus"
      },
      "expansion": "*-tus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*bʰértis"
      },
      "expansion": "*bʰértis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*britis"
      },
      "expansion": "*britis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ǵéwstus"
      },
      "expansion": "*ǵéwstus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*gustus"
      },
      "expansion": "*gustus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*pértus"
      },
      "expansion": "*pértus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*ɸritus"
      },
      "expansion": "*ɸritus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*wéyh₁tis"
      },
      "expansion": "*wéyh₁tis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*uh₁ítis"
      },
      "expansion": "*uh₁ítis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*wētis"
      },
      "expansion": "*wētis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*wih₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "*wih₁-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*weyh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "*weyh₁-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*wyeh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "*wyeh₁-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "vieō"
      },
      "expansion": "vieō",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "व्ययति",
        "tr": "vyáyati"
      },
      "expansion": "व्ययति (vyáyati)",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*viti"
      },
      "expansion": "*viti",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *weh₁y- (“to twine, wind”) + *-tis (abstract or action suffix).\nThe reconstruction of the underlying root is heavily debated. Beekes, De Vaan, and Derksen all reconstruct *weh₁i-, each using the oblique, zero-grade stem (*uh₁i-ti-) as the etymon for the Hellenic, Italic, and Balto-Slavic branches respectively. Fortson agrees that the oblique, zero-grade stems of many nouns in *-tis and *-tus were generalized in Indo-Aryan, Hellenic, and many other branches. Other examples include:\n* *bʰértis > *bʰŕ̥tis → Old Armenian բարդ (bard), Celtic *britis (Old Irish brith, Middle Welsh bryd), Germanic *burþiz, Italic *forts (Latin fors), Sanskrit भृति (bhr̥tí)\n* *pértus > *pŕ̥tus → Celtic *ɸritus (Brythonic *rrɨd), Germanic *furduz, Iranian *pr̥tuš (Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬎 (pər^ətu)), Italic *portus\nMatasović instead reconstructs *weyh₁-, pointing out that, in Celtic, a laryngeal is lost after the diphthong -ey- and before a consonant (/eyHC/ → /eyC/) and also that -ey- regularly becomes -ē-. However, given the evidence of other Celtic nouns derived from *-tis and *-tus (*bʰértis > *britis, *ǵéwstus > *gustus, *pértus > *ɸritus), Celtic also appears to favor the zero-grade for these nouns, making the reconstruction *wéyh₁tis untenable. It is unclear whether *uh₁ítis regularly gives Celtic *wētis, but *wih₁-, the zero-grade of *weyh₁-, certainly would not.\nThe LIV in turn reconstructs *wyeh₁- for the verbs meaning “to wrap, twine” (Latin vieō, Sanskrit व्ययति (vyáyati), Slavic *viti); though De Vaan rejects this proposal.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wéh₁itis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wéh₁itih₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wéh₁itih₁e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wéh₁iteyes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wéh₁iti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wéh₁itih₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wéh₁itih₁e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wéh₁iteyes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wéh₁itim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wéh₁itih₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wéh₁itih₁e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wéh₁itims",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁itéys",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁itéyoHom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁itéys",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁itímos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁itéyey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁itímos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁itéy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁itḗy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁itísu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁itíh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁itímis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "head4": "",
        "head5": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*wéh₁itis f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wéh₁iti",
        "2": "uh₁itéy",
        "ac": "proterokinetic"
      },
      "name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wéh₁itis",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "uh₁itus"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "85 15",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "93 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-tis",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "that which twines or bends"
      ],
      "id": "en-wéh₁itis-ine-pro-noun-eDZ0UYNh",
      "links": [
        [
          "twines",
          "twines"
        ],
        [
          "bends",
          "bends"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "branch, switch"
      ],
      "id": "en-wéh₁itis-ine-pro-noun-zd~Blxr3",
      "links": [
        [
          "branch",
          "branch"
        ],
        [
          "switch",
          "switch"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers",
    "Helmut Rix",
    "Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
    "Rick Derksen"
  ],
  "word": "wéh₁itis"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Indo-European feminine nouns",
    "Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
    "Proto-Indo-European nouns",
    "Proto-Indo-European proterokinetic ti-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-tis"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
            "2": "*wīˀtis"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wīˀtis\nEast Baltic:\nLithuanian: vytìs (“twig”)\nProto-Slavic: *vitь (see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wīˀtis\nEast Baltic:\nLithuanian: vytìs (“twig”)\nProto-Slavic: *vitь (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*wētis"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *wētis",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *wētis (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*wiþiz"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *wiþiz",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *wiþiz"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*wītis"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *wītis",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *wītis"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "vītis"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: vītis",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: vītis"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "ἰτέα",
            "gloss": "willow"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἰτέα (itéa, “willow”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: ἰτέα (itéa, “willow”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Armenian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xcl",
            "2": "գի",
            "t": "juniper"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Armenian: գի (gi, “juniper”)\nArmenian: (literary) գի (gi), (Zeitun) գՙէ (gʻē), (Pingan) գՙի (gʻi, “cypress”)\n→ Georgian: გია (gia)\n⇒ Old Armenian: *գիհենի (*giheni) (with the botanical suffix -ենի (-eni))\nArmenian: կէ՛նի (kḗni) — Lori, կէ՛նէ (kḗnē) — Karabakh, իգէ՛նէ (igḗnē) — Karadagh",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Armenian: գի (gi, “juniper”)\nArmenian: (literary) գի (gi), (Zeitun) գՙէ (gʻē), (Pingan) գՙի (gʻi, “cypress”)\n→ Georgian: გია (gia)\n⇒ Old Armenian: *գիհենի (*giheni) (with the botanical suffix -ենի (-eni))\nArmenian: կէ՛նի (kḗni) — Lori, կէ՛նէ (kḗnē) — Karabakh, իգէ՛նէ (igḗnē) — Karadagh"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ccs-pro",
            "2": "*ɣwiw-",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "juniper",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→? Proto-Kartvelian: *ɣwiw- (“juniper”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→? Proto-Kartvelian: *ɣwiw- (“juniper”) (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*waytasás"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *waytasás",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *waytasás"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*waytasás"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *waytasás",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *waytasás"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "वेतस",
            "3": "वेत्र",
            "4": "वैतस",
            "gloss": "Calamus rotang or another kind of similar reed",
            "gloss2": "a big kind of Calamus",
            "tr": "vetasá",
            "tr2": "vétra",
            "tr3": "vaitasá"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: वेतस (vetasá, “Calamus rotang or another kind of similar reed”), वेत्र (vétra, “a big kind of Calamus”), वैतस (vaitasá)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: वेतस (vetasá, “Calamus rotang or another kind of similar reed”), वेत्र (vétra, “a big kind of Calamus”), वैतस (vaitasá)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pi",
            "2": "vetasa",
            "3": "vetta"
          },
          "expansion": "Pali: vetasa, vetta",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pali: vetasa, vetta"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pra-sau",
            "2": "वेदस",
            "3": "वेत्त"
          },
          "expansion": "Sauraseni Prakrit: वेदस (vedasa), वेत्त (vĕtta)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sauraseni Prakrit: वेदस (vedasa), वेत्त (vĕtta)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hi",
            "2": "बेत",
            "t": "cane"
          },
          "expansion": "Hindi: बेत (bet, “cane”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hindi: बेत (bet, “cane”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*waytaháh"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *waytaháh",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *waytaháh"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ae",
            "2": "𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬌",
            "t": "willow"
          },
          "expansion": "Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬌 (vaēti, “willow”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬉𐬙𐬌 (vaēti, “willow”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hac",
            "2": "ۋیکۆڵ",
            "t": "willow",
            "tr": "ʋīkɔł"
          },
          "expansion": "ۋیکۆڵ (ʋīkɔł, “willow”)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hawramî: ۋیکۆڵ (ʋīkɔł, “willow”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Kurdish:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kmr",
            "2": "bî",
            "t": "willow"
          },
          "expansion": "bî (“willow”)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Northern Kurdish: bî (“willow”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ckb",
            "2": "بی",
            "t": "willow"
          },
          "expansion": "بی (bî, “willow”)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Central Kurdish: بی (bî, “willow”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sdh",
            "2": "ڤێ",
            "t": "willow"
          },
          "expansion": "ڤێ (vê, “willow”)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Southern Kurdish: ڤێ (vê, “willow”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pal",
            "2": "",
            "gloss": "willow",
            "tr": "wyt",
            "ts": "wēd"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (wyt /⁠wēd⁠/, “willow”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Persian: [script needed] (wyt /⁠wēd⁠/, “willow”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fa",
            "2": "بید",
            "tr": "bid"
          },
          "expansion": "Persian: بید (bid)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Persian: بید (bid)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kmr",
            "2": "bîd",
            "bor": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→ Northern Kurdish: bîd",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→ Northern Kurdish: bîd"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Ossetian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "os",
            "2": "уедагӕ"
          },
          "expansion": "уедагӕ (wedagæ)",
          "name": "l"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "os",
            "2": "едагӕ",
            "gloss": "root"
          },
          "expansion": "едагӕ (edagæ, “root”)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Digor: уедагӕ (wedagæ), едагӕ (edagæ, “root”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "os",
            "2": "уи́даг"
          },
          "expansion": "уи́даг (wídag)",
          "name": "l"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Iron: уи́даг (wídag)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ps",
            "2": "وله",
            "gloss": "willow",
            "tr": "wala"
          },
          "expansion": "Pashto: وله (wala, “willow”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Pashto: وله (wala, “willow”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "zza",
            "2": "vîyale",
            "t": "willow"
          },
          "expansion": "Zazaki: vîyale (“willow”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Zazaki: vîyale (“willow”)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*weh₁y-",
        "3": "*-tis",
        "pos2": "abstract or action suffix",
        "t1": "to twine, wind"
      },
      "expansion": "*weh₁y- (“to twine, wind”) + *-tis (abstract or action suffix)",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*weh₁i-"
      },
      "expansion": "*weh₁i-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*uh₁i-ti-"
      },
      "expansion": "*uh₁i-ti-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*-tis"
      },
      "expansion": "*-tis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*-tus"
      },
      "expansion": "*-tus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*bʰértis"
      },
      "expansion": "*bʰértis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*bʰŕ̥tis"
      },
      "expansion": "*bʰŕ̥tis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "բարդ"
      },
      "expansion": "բարդ (bard)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*britis"
      },
      "expansion": "*britis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sga",
        "2": "brith"
      },
      "expansion": "brith",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wlm",
        "2": "bryd"
      },
      "expansion": "bryd",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*burþiz"
      },
      "expansion": "*burþiz",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "*forts"
      },
      "expansion": "*forts",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "fors"
      },
      "expansion": "fors",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "भृति",
        "tr": "bhr̥tí"
      },
      "expansion": "भृति (bhr̥tí)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*pértus"
      },
      "expansion": "*pértus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*pŕ̥tus"
      },
      "expansion": "*pŕ̥tus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*ɸritus"
      },
      "expansion": "*ɸritus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-bry-pro",
        "2": "*rrɨd"
      },
      "expansion": "*rrɨd",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*furduz"
      },
      "expansion": "*furduz",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ira-pro",
        "2": "*pr̥tuš"
      },
      "expansion": "*pr̥tuš",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬎"
      },
      "expansion": "𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬎 (pər^ətu)",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "*portus"
      },
      "expansion": "*portus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*weyh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "*weyh₁-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*-tis"
      },
      "expansion": "*-tis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*-tus"
      },
      "expansion": "*-tus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*bʰértis"
      },
      "expansion": "*bʰértis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*britis"
      },
      "expansion": "*britis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ǵéwstus"
      },
      "expansion": "*ǵéwstus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*gustus"
      },
      "expansion": "*gustus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*pértus"
      },
      "expansion": "*pértus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*ɸritus"
      },
      "expansion": "*ɸritus",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*wéyh₁tis"
      },
      "expansion": "*wéyh₁tis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*uh₁ítis"
      },
      "expansion": "*uh₁ítis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*wētis"
      },
      "expansion": "*wētis",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*wih₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "*wih₁-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*weyh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "*weyh₁-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*wyeh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "*wyeh₁-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "vieō"
      },
      "expansion": "vieō",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "व्ययति",
        "tr": "vyáyati"
      },
      "expansion": "व्ययति (vyáyati)",
      "name": "l"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*viti"
      },
      "expansion": "*viti",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *weh₁y- (“to twine, wind”) + *-tis (abstract or action suffix).\nThe reconstruction of the underlying root is heavily debated. Beekes, De Vaan, and Derksen all reconstruct *weh₁i-, each using the oblique, zero-grade stem (*uh₁i-ti-) as the etymon for the Hellenic, Italic, and Balto-Slavic branches respectively. Fortson agrees that the oblique, zero-grade stems of many nouns in *-tis and *-tus were generalized in Indo-Aryan, Hellenic, and many other branches. Other examples include:\n* *bʰértis > *bʰŕ̥tis → Old Armenian բարդ (bard), Celtic *britis (Old Irish brith, Middle Welsh bryd), Germanic *burþiz, Italic *forts (Latin fors), Sanskrit भृति (bhr̥tí)\n* *pértus > *pŕ̥tus → Celtic *ɸritus (Brythonic *rrɨd), Germanic *furduz, Iranian *pr̥tuš (Avestan 𐬞𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬙𐬎 (pər^ətu)), Italic *portus\nMatasović instead reconstructs *weyh₁-, pointing out that, in Celtic, a laryngeal is lost after the diphthong -ey- and before a consonant (/eyHC/ → /eyC/) and also that -ey- regularly becomes -ē-. However, given the evidence of other Celtic nouns derived from *-tis and *-tus (*bʰértis > *britis, *ǵéwstus > *gustus, *pértus > *ɸritus), Celtic also appears to favor the zero-grade for these nouns, making the reconstruction *wéyh₁tis untenable. It is unclear whether *uh₁ítis regularly gives Celtic *wētis, but *wih₁-, the zero-grade of *weyh₁-, certainly would not.\nThe LIV in turn reconstructs *wyeh₁- for the verbs meaning “to wrap, twine” (Latin vieō, Sanskrit व्ययति (vyáyati), Slavic *viti); though De Vaan rejects this proposal.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wéh₁itis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wéh₁itih₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wéh₁itih₁e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wéh₁iteyes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wéh₁iti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wéh₁itih₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wéh₁itih₁e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wéh₁iteyes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wéh₁itim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wéh₁itih₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wéh₁itih₁e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wéh₁itims",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁itéys",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁itéyoHom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁itéys",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁itímos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁itéyey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁itímos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁itéy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁itḗy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁itísu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁itíh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "uh₁itímis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "head4": "",
        "head5": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*wéh₁itis f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wéh₁iti",
        "2": "uh₁itéy",
        "ac": "proterokinetic"
      },
      "name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wéh₁itis",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "uh₁itus"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "that which twines or bends"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "twines",
          "twines"
        ],
        [
          "bends",
          "bends"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "ine-pro:Trees"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "branch, switch"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "branch",
          "branch"
        ],
        [
          "switch",
          "switch"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers",
    "Helmut Rix",
    "Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
    "Rick Derksen"
  ],
  "word": "wéh₁itis"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.