See werdʰh₁om in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*wardas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wardas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wardas (from the o-grade *wordʰh₁om)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "vuords",
"t": "word, name"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: vuords (“word, name”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: vuords (“word, name”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "vārds",
"t": "name, word"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: vārds (“name, word”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: vārds (“name, word”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "var̃das",
"t": "name"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: var̃das (“name”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: var̃das (“name”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*wirdas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wirdas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wirdas (from the zero-grade *wr̥dʰh₁om)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "wirds"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: wirds",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: wirds"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*virci",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *virci",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *virci (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*wurdą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *wurdą",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *wurdą (from the zero-grade *wr̥dʰh₁om) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*werβom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *werβom",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *werβom (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*werh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*werh₁->speak, say",
"id": "word"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *werh₁- (“to speak, say”), with the extension *-dʰh₁-o- (from *dʰeh₁- (“to put”)), which expresses the perfective aspect.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "non-ablauting",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁om",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁oy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁oyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁eh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁om",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁oy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁oyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁eh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁om",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁oy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁oyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁eh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁osyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁oHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁ead",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁omos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁obʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁oey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁omos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁obʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁ey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁oy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁oysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁oh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁ōys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "non-ablauting",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "-",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*werdʰh₁om n (non-ablauting)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "werdʰh₁o"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/werdʰh₁om",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [
"Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *werh₁-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"word"
],
"id": "en-werdʰh₁om-ine-pro-noun-mMHrTuk0",
"links": [
[
"word",
"word"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Elmar Seebold",
"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
]
}
],
"word": "werdʰh₁om"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*wardas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wardas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wardas (from the o-grade *wordʰh₁om)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "vuords",
"t": "word, name"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: vuords (“word, name”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: vuords (“word, name”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "vārds",
"t": "name, word"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: vārds (“name, word”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: vārds (“name, word”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "var̃das",
"t": "name"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: var̃das (“name”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: var̃das (“name”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*wirdas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wirdas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wirdas (from the zero-grade *wr̥dʰh₁om)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "wirds"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: wirds",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: wirds"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*virci",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *virci",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *virci (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*wurdą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *wurdą",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *wurdą (from the zero-grade *wr̥dʰh₁om) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*werβom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *werβom",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *werβom (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*werh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*werh₁->speak, say",
"id": "word"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *werh₁- (“to speak, say”), with the extension *-dʰh₁-o- (from *dʰeh₁- (“to put”)), which expresses the perfective aspect.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "non-ablauting",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁om",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁oy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁oyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁eh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁om",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁oy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁oyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁eh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁om",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁oy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁oyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁eh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁osyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁oHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁ead",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁omos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁obʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁oey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁omos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁obʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁ey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁oy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁oysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁oh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "werdʰh₁ōys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "non-ablauting",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "-",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*werdʰh₁om n (non-ablauting)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "werdʰh₁o"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/werdʰh₁om",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European neuter nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *werh₁-",
"Proto-Indo-European thematic neuter o-stem nouns",
"ine-pro:Semantics"
],
"glosses": [
"word"
],
"links": [
[
"word",
"word"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Elmar Seebold",
"Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
"de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
]
}
],
"word": "werdʰh₁om"
}
Download raw JSONL data for werdʰh₁om meaning in Proto-Indo-European (6.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (7c21d10 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.