See welh₃- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for welh₃- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (7.3kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*wélh₃-ti ~ *wl̥h₃-énti (athematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒉿𒀠𒄴𒍣",
"tr": "walḫzi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒉿𒀠𒄴𒍣 (walḫzi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒉿𒀠𒄴𒍣 (walḫzi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*wl̥-né-h₃-ti ~ *wl̥-n-h₃-énti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*welnō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *welnō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *welnō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vellō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: vellō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: vellō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "wälläṣtär"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: wälläṣtär",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: wälläṣtär"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*wolh₃-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*walaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *walaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *walaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) *welh₃-wr̥-ti- (a derivative of heteroclitic *welh₃-wr̥/-wen-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "գեղարդն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: գեղարդն (gełardn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: գեղարդն (gełardn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Celtic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "*wlannos"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "flann"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: flann\nIrish: flann\nScottish Gaelic: flann",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: flann\nIrish: flann\nScottish Gaelic: flann"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "*wolis (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "*welīsos"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*gweli"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *gweli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *gweli"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "goly"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: goly",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: goly"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "goulyow",
"g": "p"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: goulyow pl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: goulyow pl"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "gouli"
},
"expansion": "Breton: gouli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: gouli"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "gweli"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: gweli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: gweli"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gweli"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: gweli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: gweli"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*welwaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *welwaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *welwaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*wala-",
"t": "dead"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *wala- (“dead”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *wala- (“dead”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "valr",
"t": "fallen in the battlefield"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: valr (“fallen in the battlefield”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: valr (“fallen in the battlefield”), Valhǫll (“Valhalla”), valkyrja (“Valkyrie”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "οὐλή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: οὐλή (oulḗ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: οὐλή (oulḗ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἁλίσκομαι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἁλίσκομαι (halískomai)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἁλίσκομαι (halískomai)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vulnus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: vulnus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: vulnus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "والانه",
"gloss": "wound",
"tr": "vâlâne"
},
"expansion": "Persian: والانه (vâlâne, “wound”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "Persian: والانه (vâlâne, “wound”) ولانه (valâne, “wound”) (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*welias"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *welias",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *welias, *weliā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Baltic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "vėlė",
"t": "corpse, ghost"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: vėlė (“corpse, ghost”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: vėlė (“corpse, ghost”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "veliónis",
"t": "dead"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: veliónis (“dead”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: veliónis (“dead”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "veļi"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: veļi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: veļi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "válka",
"t": "war"
},
"expansion": "Czech: válka (“war”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: válka (“war”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "wäl",
"t": "to die"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: wäl (“to die”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: wäl (“to die”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "walu",
"t": "dead one"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: walu (“dead one”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: walu (“dead one”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/welh₃-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European ReRH-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to hit, to strike"
],
"id": "en-welh₃--ine-pro-root-3dN-HaeR",
"links": [
[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "welh₃-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*wélh₃-ti ~ *wl̥h₃-énti (athematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒉿𒀠𒄴𒍣",
"tr": "walḫzi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒉿𒀠𒄴𒍣 (walḫzi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒉿𒀠𒄴𒍣 (walḫzi)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*wl̥-né-h₃-ti ~ *wl̥-n-h₃-énti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*welnō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *welnō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *welnō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vellō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: vellō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: vellō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "wälläṣtär"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: wälläṣtär",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: wälläṣtär"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*wolh₃-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*walaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *walaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *walaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) *welh₃-wr̥-ti- (a derivative of heteroclitic *welh₃-wr̥/-wen-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "գեղարդն"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: գեղարդն (gełardn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: գեղարդն (gełardn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Celtic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "*wlannos"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "flann"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish: flann\nIrish: flann\nScottish Gaelic: flann",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Irish: flann\nIrish: flann\nScottish Gaelic: flann"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "*wolis (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "*welīsos"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*gweli"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *gweli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *gweli"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "goly"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: goly",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: goly"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "goulyow",
"g": "p"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: goulyow pl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: goulyow pl"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "gouli"
},
"expansion": "Breton: gouli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Breton: gouli"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "gweli"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: gweli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: gweli"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "gweli"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: gweli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: gweli"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*welwaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *welwaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *welwaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*wala-",
"t": "dead"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *wala- (“dead”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *wala- (“dead”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "valr",
"t": "fallen in the battlefield"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: valr (“fallen in the battlefield”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: valr (“fallen in the battlefield”), Valhǫll (“Valhalla”), valkyrja (“Valkyrie”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "οὐλή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: οὐλή (oulḗ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: οὐλή (oulḗ)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἁλίσκομαι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἁλίσκομαι (halískomai)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἁλίσκομαι (halískomai)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vulnus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: vulnus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: vulnus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "والانه",
"gloss": "wound",
"tr": "vâlâne"
},
"expansion": "Persian: والانه (vâlâne, “wound”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "Persian: والانه (vâlâne, “wound”) ولانه (valâne, “wound”) (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*welias"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *welias",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *welias, *weliā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Baltic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "vėlė",
"t": "corpse, ghost"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: vėlė (“corpse, ghost”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: vėlė (“corpse, ghost”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "veliónis",
"t": "dead"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: veliónis (“dead”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: veliónis (“dead”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "veļi"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: veļi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: veļi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "válka",
"t": "war"
},
"expansion": "Czech: válka (“war”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Czech: válka (“war”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "wäl",
"t": "to die"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: wäl (“to die”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: wäl (“to die”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "walu",
"t": "dead one"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: walu (“dead one”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: walu (“dead one”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/welh₃-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European ReRH-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to hit, to strike"
],
"links": [
[
"hit",
"hit"
],
[
"strike",
"strike"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "welh₃-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (1b9bfc5 and 0136956). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.