"wek⁽ʷ⁾speros" meaning in Proto-Indo-European

See wek⁽ʷ⁾speros in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: Possibly a compound of the unknown element *we- and the zero-grade of the noun *kʷséps (“night”). The first element has been connected with Latin vē- in vē-sanus (“mad”), although this is rejected by De Vaan. The original meaning could have been "(stretching) towards the night". Head templates: {{head|ine-pro|noun|non-ablauting|||-|f2nolink=1|g=m|g2=|g3=|head=|head2=|head3=|head4=|head5=}} *wek⁽ʷ⁾speros m (non-ablauting) Inflection templates: {{ine-decl-noun-mf|wek⁽ʷ⁾spero}} Forms: non-ablauting [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], wek⁽ʷ⁾speros [nominative, singular], wek⁽ʷ⁾speroh₁ [dual, nominative], wek⁽ʷ⁾speroes [nominative, plural], wek⁽ʷ⁾spere [singular, vocative], wek⁽ʷ⁾speroh₁ [dual, vocative], wek⁽ʷ⁾speroes [plural, vocative], wek⁽ʷ⁾sperom [accusative, singular], wek⁽ʷ⁾speroh₁ [accusative, dual], wek⁽ʷ⁾speroms [accusative, plural], wek⁽ʷ⁾sperosyo [genitive, singular], - [dual, genitive], wek⁽ʷ⁾speroHom [genitive, plural], wek⁽ʷ⁾speread [ablative, singular], - [ablative, dual], wek⁽ʷ⁾speromos [ablative, plural], wek⁽ʷ⁾sperobʰos [ablative, plural], wek⁽ʷ⁾speroey [dative, singular], - [dative, dual], wek⁽ʷ⁾speromos [dative, plural], wek⁽ʷ⁾sperobʰos [dative, plural], wek⁽ʷ⁾sperey [locative, singular], wek⁽ʷ⁾speroy [locative, singular], - [dual, locative], wek⁽ʷ⁾speroysu [locative, plural], wek⁽ʷ⁾speroh₁ [instrumental, singular], - [dual, instrumental], wek⁽ʷ⁾sperōys [instrumental, plural]
  1. evening Tags: masculine, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-wek⁽ʷ⁾speros-ine-pro-noun-5b0IAdEO Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header
     
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Old Armenian",
          "lang_code": "xcl",
          "roman": "gišer",
          "word": "գիշեր"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "lang_code": "hy"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
      "lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
      "word": "*wékeras"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
      "lang_code": "cel-pro",
      "word": "*weskʷeros"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
      "lang_code": "gem-pro",
      "word": "*westraz"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "lang_code": "grc",
          "roman": "hésperos",
          "word": "ἕσπερος"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
      "lang_code": "grk-pro",
      "word": "*wésperos"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Latin",
          "lang_code": "la",
          "word": "vesper"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-Italic",
      "lang_code": "itc-pro",
      "word": "*wesperos"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Possibly a compound of the unknown element *we- and the zero-grade of the noun *kʷséps (“night”). The first element has been connected with Latin vē- in vē-sanus (“mad”), although this is rejected by De Vaan. The original meaning could have been \"(stretching) towards the night\".",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "non-ablauting",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speros",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speroh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speroes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾spere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speroh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speroes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾sperom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speroh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speroms",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾sperosyo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speroHom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speread",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speromos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾sperobʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speroey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speromos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾sperobʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾sperey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speroy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speroysu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speroh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾sperōys",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "non-ablauting",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "-",
        "f2nolink": "1",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "head4": "",
        "head5": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*wek⁽ʷ⁾speros m (non-ablauting)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wek⁽ʷ⁾spero"
      },
      "name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wek⁽ʷ⁾speros",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "evening"
      ],
      "id": "en-wek⁽ʷ⁾speros-ine-pro-noun-5b0IAdEO",
      "links": [
        [
          "evening",
          "evening"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speros"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Old Armenian",
          "lang_code": "xcl",
          "roman": "gišer",
          "word": "գիշեր"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Armenian",
      "lang_code": "hy"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
      "lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
      "word": "*wékeras"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Proto-Celtic",
      "lang_code": "cel-pro",
      "word": "*weskʷeros"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
      "lang_code": "gem-pro",
      "word": "*westraz"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Ancient Greek",
          "lang_code": "grc",
          "roman": "hésperos",
          "word": "ἕσπερος"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
      "lang_code": "grk-pro",
      "word": "*wésperos"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Latin",
          "lang_code": "la",
          "word": "vesper"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-Italic",
      "lang_code": "itc-pro",
      "word": "*wesperos"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Possibly a compound of the unknown element *we- and the zero-grade of the noun *kʷséps (“night”). The first element has been connected with Latin vē- in vē-sanus (“mad”), although this is rejected by De Vaan. The original meaning could have been \"(stretching) towards the night\".",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "non-ablauting",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speros",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speroh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speroes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾spere",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speroh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speroes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾sperom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speroh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speroms",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾sperosyo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speroHom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speread",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speromos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾sperobʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speroey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speromos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾sperobʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾sperey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speroy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speroysu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speroh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wek⁽ʷ⁾sperōys",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "non-ablauting",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "-",
        "f2nolink": "1",
        "g": "m",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "head4": "",
        "head5": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*wek⁽ʷ⁾speros m (non-ablauting)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "wek⁽ʷ⁾spero"
      },
      "name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wek⁽ʷ⁾speros",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
        "Proto-Indo-European masculine nouns",
        "Proto-Indo-European nouns",
        "Proto-Indo-European thematic o-stem nouns",
        "ine-pro:Times of day"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "evening"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "evening",
          "evening"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "wek⁽ʷ⁾speros"
}

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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.