See wed- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European ReC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*u-né-d-ti ~ *u-n-d-énti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*unátˢti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *unátˢti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *unátˢti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*unátti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *unátti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *unátti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "उनत्ति",
"t": "to wet",
"tr": "unátti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: उनत्ति (unátti, “to wet”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: उनत्ति (unátti, “to wet”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*undā",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Italic: *undā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Italic: *undā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "unda",
"t": "wave"
},
"expansion": "Latin: unda (“wave”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: unda (“wave”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*wandō",
"der": "1",
"t": "water",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wandō (“water”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wandō (“water”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*wod-sḱé-ti (o-grade sḱe-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*waskaną",
"t": "to wash"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *waskaną (“to wash”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *waskaną (“to wash”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*wēd-o-s (“wet”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*wētaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *wētaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *wētaz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*wód-r̥ ~ *wéd-n̥-s (“water”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ud-ri-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*udri-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *udri-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *udri-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "uter",
"t": "leather bag"
},
"expansion": "Latin: uter (“leather bag”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὑδρία"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὑδρία (hudría)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or via Etruscan from Ancient Greek <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">ὑδρία</i> (hudría)"
},
"expansion": "(or via Etruscan from Ancient Greek ὑδρία (hudría))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Latin: uter (“leather bag”) (or via Etruscan from Ancient Greek ὑδρία (hudría))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*wed-ro-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*wedrom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *wedrom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *wedrom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vitrum",
"t": "glass"
},
"expansion": "Latin: vitrum (“glass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: vitrum (“glass”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ud-ró-s (“otter”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*wéd-os ~ *wéd-es-os (“water”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "գետ",
"gloss": "river"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: գետ (get, “river”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: գետ (get, “river”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xil",
"2": "*adur"
},
"expansion": "Illyrian: *adur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Illyrian: *adur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Aryan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "उद्र",
"t": "water"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: उद्र (udra, “water”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: उद्र (udra, “water”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬬𐬀𐬌𐬜𐬌",
"t": "watercourse"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬌𐬜𐬌 (vaⁱδi, “watercourse”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬌𐬜𐬌 (vaⁱδi, “watercourse”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬬𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌",
"t": "lake"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (vaⁱri, “lake”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (vaⁱri, “lake”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1",
"t": "lake",
"ts": "war"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Persian: (/war/, “lake”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Persian: (/war/, “lake”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "wl"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (wl)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (wl)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀",
"t": "water spring"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀 (aoδa, “water spring”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀 (aoδa, “water spring”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1",
"t": "water spring",
"ts": "ōdāy"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Persian: (/ōdāy/, “water spring”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "just in some Zend texts"
},
"expansion": "(just in some Zend texts)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Persian: (/ōdāy/, “water spring”) (just in some Zend texts)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ʾwdʾd"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwdʾd)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwdʾd)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬎𐬯𐬀",
"t": "well"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬎𐬯𐬀 (usa, “well”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬎𐬯𐬀 (usa, “well”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "water"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly related to Proto-Uralic *wete, the source of Finnish vesi and Hungarian víz. The nature of the relationship is unclear and controversial; the word may have been borrowed from Proto-Indo-European into Proto-Uralic, or the reverse. A minority of linguists suggests a common origin from an even earlier proto-language, Indo-Uralic, but this is not generally accepted.\nIn Proto-Indo-European, the active elemental *wed- (“water”) was contrasted with the passive *h₂ep- (“body of water”), similar to the opposition of the active \"fire\" *h₁n̥gʷnis with the passive *péh₂wr̥.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wed-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to well"
],
"id": "en-wed--ine-pro-root-3C3nEHc4",
"links": [
[
"well",
"well"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"water"
],
"id": "en-wed--ine-pro-root-D0FoSQ44",
"links": [
[
"water",
"water"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "wed-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European ReC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*u-né-d-ti ~ *u-n-d-énti (nasal-infix present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*unátˢti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *unátˢti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *unátˢti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*unátti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *unátti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *unátti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "उनत्ति",
"t": "to wet",
"tr": "unátti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: उनत्ति (unátti, “to wet”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: उनत्ति (unátti, “to wet”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*undā",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Italic: *undā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Italic: *undā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "unda",
"t": "wave"
},
"expansion": "Latin: unda (“wave”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: unda (“wave”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*wandō",
"der": "1",
"t": "water",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wandō (“water”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *wandō (“water”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*wod-sḱé-ti (o-grade sḱe-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*waskaną",
"t": "to wash"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *waskaną (“to wash”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *waskaną (“to wash”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*wēd-o-s (“wet”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*wētaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *wētaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *wētaz"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*wód-r̥ ~ *wéd-n̥-s (“water”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ud-ri-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*udri-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *udri-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *udri-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "uter",
"t": "leather bag"
},
"expansion": "Latin: uter (“leather bag”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὑδρία"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὑδρία (hudría)",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or via Etruscan from Ancient Greek <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">ὑδρία</i> (hudría)"
},
"expansion": "(or via Etruscan from Ancient Greek ὑδρία (hudría))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Latin: uter (“leather bag”) (or via Etruscan from Ancient Greek ὑδρία (hudría))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*wed-ro-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*wedrom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *wedrom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *wedrom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vitrum",
"t": "glass"
},
"expansion": "Latin: vitrum (“glass”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: vitrum (“glass”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ud-ró-s (“otter”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*wéd-os ~ *wéd-es-os (“water”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "գետ",
"gloss": "river"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: գետ (get, “river”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: գետ (get, “river”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xil",
"2": "*adur"
},
"expansion": "Illyrian: *adur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Illyrian: *adur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Aryan"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "उद्र",
"t": "water"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: उद्र (udra, “water”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: उद्र (udra, “water”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬬𐬀𐬌𐬜𐬌",
"t": "watercourse"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬌𐬜𐬌 (vaⁱδi, “watercourse”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬌𐬜𐬌 (vaⁱδi, “watercourse”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬬𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌",
"t": "lake"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (vaⁱri, “lake”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬬𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌 (vaⁱri, “lake”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1",
"t": "lake",
"ts": "war"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Persian: (/war/, “lake”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Persian: (/war/, “lake”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "wl"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (wl)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (wl)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀",
"t": "water spring"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀 (aoδa, “water spring”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀 (aoδa, “water spring”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"bor": "1",
"t": "water spring",
"ts": "ōdāy"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Persian: (/ōdāy/, “water spring”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "just in some Zend texts"
},
"expansion": "(just in some Zend texts)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Persian: (/ōdāy/, “water spring”) (just in some Zend texts)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "ʾwdʾd"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwdʾd)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwdʾd)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬎𐬯𐬀",
"t": "well"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬎𐬯𐬀 (usa, “well”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬎𐬯𐬀 (usa, “well”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "water"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly related to Proto-Uralic *wete, the source of Finnish vesi and Hungarian víz. The nature of the relationship is unclear and controversial; the word may have been borrowed from Proto-Indo-European into Proto-Uralic, or the reverse. A minority of linguists suggests a common origin from an even earlier proto-language, Indo-Uralic, but this is not generally accepted.\nIn Proto-Indo-European, the active elemental *wed- (“water”) was contrasted with the passive *h₂ep- (“body of water”), similar to the opposition of the active \"fire\" *h₁n̥gʷnis with the passive *péh₂wr̥.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wed-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to well"
],
"links": [
[
"well",
"well"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"water"
],
"links": [
[
"water",
"water"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "wed-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for wed- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (7.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.