See témHos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þemaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *þemaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *þemaz? *þemazą/*þemarą?"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þimr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *þimr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *þimr"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "demar",
"t": "dusk"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: demar (“dusk”)\nMiddle High German: demere\nGerman: Dämmer, Dämmerung",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: demar (“dusk”)\nMiddle High German: demere\nGerman: Dämmer, Dämmerung"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*támHas",
"t": "darkness"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *támHas (“darkness”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *támHas (“darkness”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*temezi",
"pos": "locative singular",
"t": "in darkness, blindly"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *temezi (“in darkness, blindly”, locative singular)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *temezi (“in darkness, blindly”, locative singular)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "temere",
"t": "by accident"
},
"expansion": "Latin: temere (“by accident”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: temere (“by accident”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "af",
"3": "*temH->dark",
"4": "*-os>deverbal suffix",
"id": "darkness"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*temH-",
"3": "*-os",
"id2": "athematic",
"t1": "to be dark"
},
"expansion": "*temH- (“to be dark”) + *-os",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *temH- (“to be dark”) + *-os.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "témHes-",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "témHos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "témHōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "témHos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "témHōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "témHos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "témHōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "témHes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesbʰis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "oblique stem",
"6": "*témHes-",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*témHos n (oblique stem *témHes-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "témHos",
"2": "témHes",
"ac": "acrostatic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/témHos",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [
"Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *temH-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-os (athematic)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Lua execution error in Module:links/templates function l_term_t",
"word": "temeslos"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Germanic: *þimstraz; Proto-West Germanic",
"word": "þimstr"
},
{
"english": "hell",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *támHsram (“darkness, dark night”) (see there for further descendants)",
"word": "→ Common Turkic: *tamu"
},
{
"english": "darkness; shadow of death, gloom; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *temazrā f (“darkness”)",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "tenebrae"
}
],
"glosses": [
"darkness"
],
"id": "en-témHos-ine-pro-noun-FCcr02HJ",
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*h₁régʷos"
},
{
"word": "*(s)ḱeh₃ih₂"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "témHos"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Lua execution error in Module:links/templates function l_term_t",
"word": "temeslos"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Germanic: *þimstraz; Proto-West Germanic",
"word": "þimstr"
},
{
"english": "hell",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *támHsram (“darkness, dark night”) (see there for further descendants)",
"word": "→ Common Turkic: *tamu"
},
{
"english": "darkness; shadow of death, gloom; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *temazrā f (“darkness”)",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "tenebrae"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*þemaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *þemaz",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *þemaz? *þemazą/*þemarą?"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*þimr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *þimr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *þimr"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "demar",
"t": "dusk"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: demar (“dusk”)\nMiddle High German: demere\nGerman: Dämmer, Dämmerung",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: demar (“dusk”)\nMiddle High German: demere\nGerman: Dämmer, Dämmerung"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*támHas",
"t": "darkness"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *támHas (“darkness”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *támHas (“darkness”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*temezi",
"pos": "locative singular",
"t": "in darkness, blindly"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *temezi (“in darkness, blindly”, locative singular)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *temezi (“in darkness, blindly”, locative singular)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "temere",
"t": "by accident"
},
"expansion": "Latin: temere (“by accident”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: temere (“by accident”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "af",
"3": "*temH->dark",
"4": "*-os>deverbal suffix",
"id": "darkness"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*temH-",
"3": "*-os",
"id2": "athematic",
"t1": "to be dark"
},
"expansion": "*temH- (“to be dark”) + *-os",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *temH- (“to be dark”) + *-os.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "témHes-",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "témHos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "témHōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "témHos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "témHōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "témHos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "témHōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "témHes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "témHesbʰis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "oblique stem",
"6": "*témHes-",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*témHos n (oblique stem *témHes-)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "témHos",
"2": "témHes",
"ac": "acrostatic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/témHos",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European acrostatic neuter s-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European neuter nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *temH-",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-os (athematic)",
"ine-pro:Light"
],
"glosses": [
"darkness"
],
"links": [
[
"darkness",
"darkness"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*h₁régʷos"
},
{
"word": "*(s)ḱeh₃ih₂"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "témHos"
}
Download raw JSONL data for témHos meaning in Proto-Indo-European (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (f889f65 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.