"swenh₂-" meaning in Proto-Indo-European

See swenh₂- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Root

  1. to sound Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers, Helmut Rix, Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben, Rick Derksen Tags: morpheme, reconstruction
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*swḗnh₂-s-t ~ swénh₂-s-n̥t (s-aorist)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "स्वानीत्"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: स्वानीत् (svānīt)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: स्वानीत् (svānīt)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*swénh₂-ti ~ swn̥h₂-énti (athematic root present)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*swenō"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *swenō",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *swenō"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "sonō",
            "t": "to sound"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: sonō (“to sound”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: sonō (“to sound”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*swonh₂-éye-ti (iterative)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*swonnīti",
            "qq": "geminate -nn- taken from the nasal present"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *swonnīti (geminate -nn- taken from the nasal present)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *swonnīti (geminate -nn- taken from the nasal present)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-bry-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Brythonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "owl",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Welsh:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Welsh:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wlm",
            "2": "honni",
            "t": "to announce"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Welsh: honni (“to announce”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Welsh: honni (“to announce”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "honni"
          },
          "expansion": "Welsh: honni",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Welsh: honni"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "स्वनयति",
            "tr": "svanayáti"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: स्वनयति (svanayáti)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: स्वनयति (svanayáti)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*swonaō"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *swonaō",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *swonaō"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "sonō",
            "t": "to sound"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: sonō (“to sound”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: sonō (“to sound”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*swn̥-né-h₂-ti ~ *swn̥-n-h₂-énti (nasal-infix present)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*swannati",
            "t": "to sound, play an instrument"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *swannati (“to sound, play an instrument”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *swannati (“to sound, play an instrument”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "seinnid"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: seinnid",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: seinnid"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ae",
            "2": "𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬓𐬀𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌",
            "pos": "3pl.",
            "t": "sound away"
          },
          "expansion": "Avestan: 𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬓𐬀𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌 (apaxᵛanuuaⁱṇti, “sound away”, 3pl.)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Avestan: 𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬓𐬀𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌 (apaxᵛanuuaⁱṇti, “sound away”, 3pl.)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*swónh₂-os"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "possibly"
          },
          "expansion": "(possibly)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: (possibly)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sla-pro",
            "2": "*zvonъ",
            "t": "sound"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *zvonъ (“sound”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Slavic: *zvonъ (“sound”) (or from *ǵʰwon-os)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*swanaz",
            "t": "swan"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *swanaz (“swan”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *swanaz (“swan”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*swonos"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *swonos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *swonos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "sonus",
            "t": "sound"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: sonus (“sound”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: sonus (“sound”) (or from *swenos < *swenh₂-os)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Unsorted formations:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "स्वनति",
            "t": "to sound",
            "tr": "svánati"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: स्वनति (svánati, “to sound”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: स्वनति (svánati, “to sound”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "स्वनद्रथ",
            "t": "having a rattling chariot",
            "tr": "svanád-ratha"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: स्वनद्रथ (svanád-ratha, “having a rattling chariot”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: स्वनद्रथ (svanád-ratha, “having a rattling chariot”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ae",
            "2": "𐬓𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬝𐬗𐬀𐬑𐬭𐬀",
            "alt": "𐬓𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬝-𐬗𐬀𐬑𐬭𐬀",
            "t": "with sounding wheels"
          },
          "expansion": "Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬝-𐬗𐬀𐬑𐬭𐬀 (xᵛanat̰-caxra, “with sounding wheels”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬝-𐬗𐬀𐬑𐬭𐬀 (xᵛanat̰-caxra, “with sounding wheels”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*swin-",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *swin-, *swen-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *swin-, *swen-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*swanH-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swanH-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swanH-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*swanH-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swanH-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swanH-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "स्वन्"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: स्वन् (svan)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: स्वन् (svan)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*hwanH-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *hwanH-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *hwanH-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "peo"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Persian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Persian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pal"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Persian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Persian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fa",
            "2": "خواندن",
            "alt": "خوان",
            "t": "to read, recite",
            "tr": "xvân"
          },
          "expansion": "Persian: خوان (xvân, “to read, recite”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Persian: خوان (xvân, “to read, recite”)"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/swenh₂-",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European CReRH-shape roots",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to sound"
      ],
      "id": "en-swenh₂--ine-pro-root-BkdNUC-g",
      "links": [
        [
          "sound",
          "sound"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers",
        "Helmut Rix",
        "Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "swenh₂-"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*swḗnh₂-s-t ~ swénh₂-s-n̥t (s-aorist)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "स्वानीत्"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: स्वानीत् (svānīt)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: स्वानीत् (svānīt)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*swénh₂-ti ~ swn̥h₂-énti (athematic root present)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*swenō"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *swenō",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *swenō"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "sonō",
            "t": "to sound"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: sonō (“to sound”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: sonō (“to sound”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*swonh₂-éye-ti (iterative)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*swonnīti",
            "qq": "geminate -nn- taken from the nasal present"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *swonnīti (geminate -nn- taken from the nasal present)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *swonnīti (geminate -nn- taken from the nasal present)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-bry-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Brythonic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "owl",
            "2": "-"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Welsh:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Welsh:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wlm",
            "2": "honni",
            "t": "to announce"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Welsh: honni (“to announce”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Welsh: honni (“to announce”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 6,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cy",
            "2": "honni"
          },
          "expansion": "Welsh: honni",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Welsh: honni"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "स्वनयति",
            "tr": "svanayáti"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: स्वनयति (svanayáti)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: स्वनयति (svanayáti)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*swonaō"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *swonaō",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *swonaō"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "sonō",
            "t": "to sound"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: sonō (“to sound”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: sonō (“to sound”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*swn̥-né-h₂-ti ~ *swn̥-n-h₂-énti (nasal-infix present)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*swannati",
            "t": "to sound, play an instrument"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *swannati (“to sound, play an instrument”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *swannati (“to sound, play an instrument”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "seinnid"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: seinnid",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: seinnid"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ae",
            "2": "𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬓𐬀𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌",
            "pos": "3pl.",
            "t": "sound away"
          },
          "expansion": "Avestan: 𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬓𐬀𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌 (apaxᵛanuuaⁱṇti, “sound away”, 3pl.)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Avestan: 𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬓𐬀𐬥𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬧𐬙𐬌 (apaxᵛanuuaⁱṇti, “sound away”, 3pl.)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "*swónh₂-os"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "possibly"
          },
          "expansion": "(possibly)",
          "name": "q"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: (possibly)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sla-pro",
            "2": "*zvonъ",
            "t": "sound"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *zvonъ (“sound”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Slavic: *zvonъ (“sound”) (or from *ǵʰwon-os)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*swanaz",
            "t": "swan"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *swanaz (“swan”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *swanaz (“swan”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*swonos"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *swonos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *swonos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "sonus",
            "t": "sound"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: sonus (“sound”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: sonus (“sound”) (or from *swenos < *swenh₂-os)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Unsorted formations:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "स्वनति",
            "t": "to sound",
            "tr": "svánati"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: स्वनति (svánati, “to sound”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: स्वनति (svánati, “to sound”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "स्वनद्रथ",
            "t": "having a rattling chariot",
            "tr": "svanád-ratha"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: स्वनद्रथ (svanád-ratha, “having a rattling chariot”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: स्वनद्रथ (svanád-ratha, “having a rattling chariot”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": ""
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ae",
            "2": "𐬓𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬝𐬗𐬀𐬑𐬭𐬀",
            "alt": "𐬓𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬝-𐬗𐬀𐬑𐬭𐬀",
            "t": "with sounding wheels"
          },
          "expansion": "Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬝-𐬗𐬀𐬑𐬭𐬀 (xᵛanat̰-caxra, “with sounding wheels”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬝-𐬗𐬀𐬑𐬭𐬀 (xᵛanat̰-caxra, “with sounding wheels”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*swin-",
            "alts": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *swin-, *swen-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *swin-, *swen-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*swanH-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swanH-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *swanH-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*swanH-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swanH-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *swanH-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "स्वन्"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: स्वन् (svan)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: स्वन् (svan)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*hwanH-"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *hwanH-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *hwanH-"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "peo"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Persian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Persian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "pal"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Persian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Persian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 5,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fa",
            "2": "خواندن",
            "alt": "خوان",
            "t": "to read, recite",
            "tr": "xvân"
          },
          "expansion": "Persian: خوان (xvân, “to read, recite”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Persian: خوان (xvân, “to read, recite”)"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/swenh₂-",
  "pos": "root",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Indo-European CReRH-shape roots",
        "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
        "Proto-Indo-European roots"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to sound"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sound",
          "sound"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme",
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers",
        "Helmut Rix",
        "Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
        "Rick Derksen"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "swenh₂-"
}

Download raw JSONL data for swenh₂- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (8.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.