See pstḗn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "stin",
"sense": "breast",
"word": "ստին"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Armenian",
"lang_code": "hyx-pro",
"word": "*stēn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "stḗnion",
"sense": "breast",
"word": "στήνιον"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "parthénos",
"word": "παρθένος"
},
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "parsénos",
"sense": "virgin, girl, young woman",
"word": "παρσένος"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "having protruding breasts",
"word": "*pərsténos"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*stḗn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tocharian A",
"lang_code": "xto",
"word": "päśśäṃ"
},
{
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"lang_code": "txb",
"raw_tags": [
"du"
],
"sense": "woman’s breasts",
"word": "päścane"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
"lang_code": "ine-toc-pro",
"word": "*päścäne"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στῆθος",
"t": "breast"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek στῆθος (stêthos, “breast”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; possibly related with Ancient Greek στῆθος (stêthos, “breast”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pstḗn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psténh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "psténh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "psténes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pstén",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "psténh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "psténh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "psténes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "psténm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psténh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "psténh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "psténm̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pstnés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pstnóHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pstnés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pstn̥mós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pstn̥bʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pstnéy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pstn̥mós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pstn̥bʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pstén",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psténi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pstn̥sú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pstnéh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pstn̥mís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pstn̥bʰís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*pstḗn m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pstén",
"2": "pstn̥",
"ac": "hysterokinetic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pstḗn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "nipple; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*pstén-o-s",
"translation": "nipple; see there for further descendants",
"word": "spenô"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*pstén-o-s",
"translation": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "pstánas"
},
{
"english": "woman's breast",
"roman": "fštāna",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian: *pstānáh",
"translation": "woman's breast",
"word": "𐬟𐬱𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀"
},
{
"alt": "ʾštnh /əštana/",
"english": "breast",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian: *pstānáh",
"translation": "breast",
"word": "𐼰𐽁𐽂𐼻𐼳"
},
{
"english": "breast",
"roman": "pestân",
"sense": "Middle Persian: pystʾn' (pestān, “breast”)",
"tags": [
"Persian"
],
"translation": "breast",
"word": "پستان"
},
{
"english": "nipple, teat, uvula",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *spenis",
"tags": [
"Latvian"
],
"translation": "nipple, teat, uvula",
"word": "spenis"
},
{
"english": "uvula",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *spenis",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"translation": "uvula",
"word": "spenỹs"
},
{
"english": "nipple, teat",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *spenis; Old Prussian",
"translation": "nipple, teat",
"word": "spenis"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*sptén-yo-s (< metathesis *pstén-yo-s)",
"translation": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "sɸenyos"
}
],
"glosses": [
"breast, teat"
],
"id": "en-pstḗn-ine-pro-noun-9ijJso3T",
"links": [
[
"breast",
"breast"
],
[
"teat",
"teat"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"de:Brian D. Joseph"
]
}
],
"word": "pstḗn"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "nipple; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*pstén-o-s",
"translation": "nipple; see there for further descendants",
"word": "spenô"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*pstén-o-s",
"translation": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "pstánas"
},
{
"english": "woman's breast",
"roman": "fštāna",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian: *pstānáh",
"translation": "woman's breast",
"word": "𐬟𐬱𐬙𐬁𐬥𐬀"
},
{
"english": "breast",
"roman": "pestân",
"sense": "Middle Persian: pystʾn' (pestān, “breast”)",
"tags": [
"Persian"
],
"translation": "breast",
"word": "پستان"
},
{
"alt": "ʾštnh /əštana/",
"english": "breast",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian: *pstānáh",
"translation": "breast",
"word": "𐼰𐽁𐽂𐼻𐼳"
},
{
"english": "nipple, teat, uvula",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *spenis",
"tags": [
"Latvian"
],
"translation": "nipple, teat, uvula",
"word": "spenis"
},
{
"english": "uvula",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *spenis",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"translation": "uvula",
"word": "spenỹs"
},
{
"english": "nipple, teat",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *spenis; Old Prussian",
"translation": "nipple, teat",
"word": "spenis"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*sptén-yo-s (< metathesis *pstén-yo-s)",
"translation": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "sɸenyos"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "stin",
"sense": "breast",
"word": "ստին"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Armenian",
"lang_code": "hyx-pro",
"word": "*stēn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "stḗnion",
"sense": "breast",
"word": "στήνιον"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "parthénos",
"word": "παρθένος"
},
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "parsénos",
"sense": "virgin, girl, young woman",
"word": "παρσένος"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "having protruding breasts",
"word": "*pərsténos"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*stḗn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tocharian A",
"lang_code": "xto",
"word": "päśśäṃ"
},
{
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"lang_code": "txb",
"raw_tags": [
"du"
],
"sense": "woman’s breasts",
"word": "päścane"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
"lang_code": "ine-toc-pro",
"word": "*päścäne"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στῆθος",
"t": "breast"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek στῆθος (stêthos, “breast”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown; possibly related with Ancient Greek στῆθος (stêthos, “breast”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pstḗn",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psténh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "psténh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "psténes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pstén",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "psténh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "psténh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "psténes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "psténm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psténh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "psténh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "psténm̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pstnés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "pstnóHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pstnés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pstn̥mós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pstn̥bʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pstnéy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "pstn̥mós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pstn̥bʰós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pstén",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "psténi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "pstn̥sú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pstnéh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "pstn̥mís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pstn̥bʰís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*pstḗn m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pstén",
"2": "pstn̥",
"ac": "hysterokinetic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pstḗn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European hysterokinetic root nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms with unknown etymologies",
"ine-pro:Anatomy"
],
"glosses": [
"breast, teat"
],
"links": [
[
"breast",
"breast"
],
[
"teat",
"teat"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"de:Brian D. Joseph"
]
}
],
"word": "pstḗn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pstḗn meaning in Proto-Indo-European (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-10-01 using wiktextract (c8bd62c and a979ada). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.