See preh₂- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*préh₂-i (“before”, locative) or *pr̥h₂-ey"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*prāi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *prāi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *prāi or *prai"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prae"
},
"expansion": "Latin: prae",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: prae, prae- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*praiteros",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *praiteros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *praiteros (< *préh₂i + *-teros)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "praeter"
},
"expansion": "Latin: praeter",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: praeter (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "or <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*pr̥h₃-won-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(or *pr̥h₃-won-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*próh₂-w-on- (or *pr̥h₃-won-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*prṓwōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *prṓwōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *prṓwōn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρών",
"t": "protruding rocks"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πρών (prṓn, “protruding rocks”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or with <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">πρήων</i> (prḗōn) as original form, derived from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*pr̥h₂wós</i>"
},
"expansion": "(or with πρήων (prḗōn) as original form, derived from *pr̥h₂wós)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πρών (prṓn, “protruding rocks”) (or with πρήων (prḗōn) as original form, derived from *pr̥h₂wós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "or <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*pr̥h₃-w(e)r-ih₂</i>"
},
"expansion": "(or *pr̥h₃-w(e)r-ih₂)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*próh₂-w-r̥-yh₂- (“forepart (of a ship)”) (or *pr̥h₃-w(e)r-ih₂)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*prṓwařřa ~ *prṓweřřa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *prṓwařřa ~ *prṓweřřa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *prṓwařřa ~ *prṓweřřa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρῷρα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πρῷρα (prôira)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πρῷρα (prôira) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥h₂-ey"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pərai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pərai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pərai"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "παραί"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: παραί (paraí)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: παραί (paraí), παρά (pará), πάρα (pára), πάρ (pár)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥h₂-i (zero-grade locative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸare"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸare",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸare < *ɸari (-e is secondary) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *furi",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *furi (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥h₂-mo-s (“first”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*pírmas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pírmas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pírmas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "pyrmais"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: pyrmais",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "pyrma"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: pyrma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: pyrmais, Latgalian: pyrma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "pìrmaĩs"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: pìrmaĩs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: pìrmaĩs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pirmas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: pirmas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: pirmas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "pirmas"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: pirmas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: pirmas, pirmois"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*frumô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *frumô",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *frumô (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥h₂-ó"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmy",
"2": "𐀞𐀫"
},
"expansion": "Mycenaean Greek: 𐀞𐀫 (pa-ro)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mycenaean Greek: 𐀞𐀫 (pa-ro)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pr̥Hā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pr̥Hā́",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *pr̥h₂-ó-h₁"
},
"expansion": "(< *pr̥h₂-ó-h₁)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pr̥Hā́ (< *pr̥h₂-ó-h₁)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*pr̥Hā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pr̥Hā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pr̥Hā́"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पुरा",
"tr": "purā́"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पुरा (purā́)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पुरा (purā́)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥h₂-ós (“in front; earlier”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*par-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *par-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *par-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "parë",
"t": "before(hand), first, previously"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: parë (“before(hand), first, previously”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: parë (“before(hand), first, previously”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πάρος",
"t": "earlier, before"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πάρος (páros, “earlier, before”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πάρος (páros, “earlier, before”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pr̥Hás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pr̥Hás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pr̥Hás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*pr̥Hás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pr̥Hás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pr̥Hás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पुरस्",
"t": "before, forwards",
"tr": "purás"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पुरस् (purás, “before, forwards”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पुरस् (purás, “before, forwards”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬋"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬋 (parō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬋 (parō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥h₂-oy"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *furai",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *furai (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "or *pr̥h₃-tó-s"
},
"expansion": "(or *pr̥h₃-tó-s)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*pr̥h₂-tó-s (“first”) (or *pr̥h₃-tó-s)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc-dor",
"2": "πρᾶτος"
},
"expansion": "Doric Greek: πρᾶτος (prâtos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Doric Greek: πρᾶτος (prâtos)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρῶτος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πρῶτος (prôtos)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "influenced by <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">πρό</i> (pró) / <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">πρω-</i> (prō-)"
},
"expansion": "(influenced by πρό (pró) / πρω- (prō-))",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πρῶτος (prôtos) (influenced by πρό (pró) / πρω- (prō-)) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "if not to be reconstructed as <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*pr̥h₃wós</i>"
},
"expansion": "(if not to be reconstructed as *pr̥h₃wós)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*pr̥h₂-wó-s (if not to be reconstructed as *pr̥h₃wós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥h₂-yós- ~ *pr̥h₂-is- (comparative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furizô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *furizô",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *furizô, *furistaz (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "from",
"3": "ine-pro>*per->before",
"id": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"id": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *per- (“before”).",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/preh₂-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReH-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *per- (before)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"before, in front"
],
"id": "en-preh₂--ine-pro-root-O5d-d1lK",
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
],
[
"front",
"front"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "preh₂-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*préh₂-i (“before”, locative) or *pr̥h₂-ey"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*prāi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *prāi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *prāi or *prai"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prae"
},
"expansion": "Latin: prae",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: prae, prae- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*praiteros",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *praiteros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Italic: *praiteros (< *préh₂i + *-teros)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "praeter"
},
"expansion": "Latin: praeter",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: praeter (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "or <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*pr̥h₃-won-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(or *pr̥h₃-won-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*próh₂-w-on- (or *pr̥h₃-won-)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*prṓwōn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *prṓwōn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *prṓwōn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρών",
"t": "protruding rocks"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πρών (prṓn, “protruding rocks”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "or with <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">πρήων</i> (prḗōn) as original form, derived from <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*pr̥h₂wós</i>"
},
"expansion": "(or with πρήων (prḗōn) as original form, derived from *pr̥h₂wós)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πρών (prṓn, “protruding rocks”) (or with πρήων (prḗōn) as original form, derived from *pr̥h₂wós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "or <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*pr̥h₃-w(e)r-ih₂</i>"
},
"expansion": "(or *pr̥h₃-w(e)r-ih₂)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*próh₂-w-r̥-yh₂- (“forepart (of a ship)”) (or *pr̥h₃-w(e)r-ih₂)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*prṓwařřa ~ *prṓweřřa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *prṓwařřa ~ *prṓweřřa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *prṓwařřa ~ *prṓweřřa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρῷρα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πρῷρα (prôira)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πρῷρα (prôira) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥h₂-ey"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pərai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pərai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pərai"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "παραί"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: παραί (paraí)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: παραί (paraí), παρά (pará), πάρα (pára), πάρ (pár)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥h₂-i (zero-grade locative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸare"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸare",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸare < *ɸari (-e is secondary) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *furi",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *furi (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥h₂-mo-s (“first”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*pírmas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pírmas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pírmas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "pyrmais"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: pyrmais",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ltg",
"2": "pyrma"
},
"expansion": "Latgalian: pyrma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latgalian: pyrmais, Latgalian: pyrma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "pìrmaĩs"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: pìrmaĩs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: pìrmaĩs"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pirmas"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: pirmas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: pirmas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "pirmas"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: pirmas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: pirmas, pirmois"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*frumô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *frumô",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *frumô (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥h₂-ó"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmy",
"2": "𐀞𐀫"
},
"expansion": "Mycenaean Greek: 𐀞𐀫 (pa-ro)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Mycenaean Greek: 𐀞𐀫 (pa-ro)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pr̥Hā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pr̥Hā́",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *pr̥h₂-ó-h₁"
},
"expansion": "(< *pr̥h₂-ó-h₁)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pr̥Hā́ (< *pr̥h₂-ó-h₁)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*pr̥Hā́"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pr̥Hā́",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pr̥Hā́"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पुरा",
"tr": "purā́"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पुरा (purā́)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पुरा (purā́)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥h₂-ós (“in front; earlier”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*par-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *par-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *par-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "parë",
"t": "before(hand), first, previously"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: parë (“before(hand), first, previously”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: parë (“before(hand), first, previously”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πάρος",
"t": "earlier, before"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πάρος (páros, “earlier, before”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πάρος (páros, “earlier, before”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pr̥Hás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pr̥Hás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pr̥Hás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*pr̥Hás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pr̥Hás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *pr̥Hás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "पुरस्",
"t": "before, forwards",
"tr": "purás"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: पुरस् (purás, “before, forwards”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: पुरस् (purás, “before, forwards”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae-yng",
"2": "𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬋"
},
"expansion": "Younger Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬋 (parō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Younger Avestan: 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬋 (parō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥h₂-oy"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *furai",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *furai (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "or *pr̥h₃-tó-s"
},
"expansion": "(or *pr̥h₃-tó-s)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*pr̥h₂-tó-s (“first”) (or *pr̥h₃-tó-s)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc-dor",
"2": "πρᾶτος"
},
"expansion": "Doric Greek: πρᾶτος (prâtos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Doric Greek: πρᾶτος (prâtos)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πρῶτος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πρῶτος (prôtos)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "influenced by <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">πρό</i> (pró) / <i class=\"Polyt mention\" lang=\"grc\">πρω-</i> (prō-)"
},
"expansion": "(influenced by πρό (pró) / πρω- (prō-))",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πρῶτος (prôtos) (influenced by πρό (pró) / πρω- (prō-)) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "if not to be reconstructed as <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ine-pro\">*pr̥h₃wós</i>"
},
"expansion": "(if not to be reconstructed as *pr̥h₃wós)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "*pr̥h₂-wó-s (if not to be reconstructed as *pr̥h₃wós)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥h₂-yós- ~ *pr̥h₂-is- (comparative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furizô"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *furizô",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *furizô, *furistaz (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "from",
"3": "ine-pro>*per->before",
"id": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"id": "before"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *per- (“before”).",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/preh₂-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CReH-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *per- (before)"
],
"glosses": [
"before, in front"
],
"links": [
[
"before",
"before"
],
[
"front",
"front"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "preh₂-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for preh₂- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (11.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (4eaa824 and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.