See plew- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for plew- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (15.1kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plew-d-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plew-k-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plew-t-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plewt-yom, *plowt-yom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*pljáutja",
"3": "*pláutja"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pljáutja, *pláutja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pljáutja, *pláutja"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "plàuši",
"3": "plàuši",
"pos": "nom.pl.",
"t": "lungs"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: plàuši (“lungs”, nom.pl.), plàuši",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: plàuši (“lungs”, nom.pl.), plàuši"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plaũtis",
"3": "plaũčiai",
"t2": "lung"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: plaũtis, plaũčiai (“lung”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: plaũtis, plaũčiai (“lung”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pľūťè",
"3": "*plūťè",
"t2": "lung"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pľūťè, *plūťè (“lung”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pľūťè, *plūťè (“lung”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plew-eh₂-h₁en-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "plyuwai",
"t": "to float"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: plyuwai (“to float”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: plyuwai (“to float”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pléw-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pléwō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pléwō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pléwō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πλέω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πλέω (pléō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πλέω (pléō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pláwati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pláwati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pláwati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*plowō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *plowō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *plowō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pluit"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pluit",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pluit (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*pläu-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *pläu-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *pläu-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "plu-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: plu-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: plu-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "plu-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: plu-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: plu-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plow-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "luithir"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: luithir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: luithir, fo·luathar"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*plāwáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *plāwáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *plāwáyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*plāwáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *plāwáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *plāwáyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "प्लावयति",
"tr": "plāváyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: प्लावयति (plāváyati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: प्लावयति (plāváyati)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*frāwáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *frāwáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *frāwáyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬵𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬵𐬌 (frafrāuuaiiāhi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬵𐬌 (frafrāuuaiiāhi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*plàviti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *plàviti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sometimes derived from *pleh₃(w)-"
},
"expansion": "(sometimes derived from *pleh₃(w)-)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *plàviti (sometimes derived from *pleh₃(w)-) ⇒ *plàvati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "*pléw-mō (“lung”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plow-mos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*flaumaz",
"t": "stream"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *flaumaz (“stream”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *flaumaz (“stream”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plow-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*plowos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *plowos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *plowos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πλόος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πλόος (plóos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πλόος (plóos)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Attic Greek: πλοῦς (ploûs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*plawás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *plawás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *plawás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*plawás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *plawás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *plawás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "प्लव",
"tr": "plavá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: प्लव (plavá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: प्लव (plavá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "plewe"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: plewe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: plewe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plow-tó-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "plàuts",
"t": "shelf, sideboard of a bee-hive"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: plàuts (“shelf, sideboard of a bee-hive”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: plàuts (“shelf, sideboard of a bee-hive”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plaũtas",
"t": "sweating shelf, bath shelf, sideboard (of a bee-hive or a boat)"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: plaũtas (“sweating shelf, bath shelf, sideboard (of a bee-hive or a boat)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: plaũtas (“sweating shelf, bath shelf, sideboard (of a bee-hive or a boat)”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*plūtò",
"t": "flotsam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *plūtò (“flotsam”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *plūtò (“flotsam”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fleyðr",
"t": "cross-beam"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: fleyðr (“cross-beam”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Old Icelandic"
},
"expansion": "(Old Icelandic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: fleyðr (“cross-beam”) (Old Icelandic)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fleyður"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: fleyður",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: fleyður"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plow-tós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πλοῦτος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πλοῦτος (ploûtos)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "(?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πλοῦτος (ploûtos) (?)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plów-yos (“ship”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*flawją"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *flawją",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *flawją (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*plóyyom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *plóyyom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *plóyyom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πλοῖον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πλοῖον (ploîon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πλοῖον (ploîon)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*plowjos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *plowjos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *plowjos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pluvius"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pluvius",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pluvius"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plu-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*plútas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plútas, *plúta n\nEast Baltic:\nLatvian: pluts\nProto-Slavic: *plъ̀tъ (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plútas, *plúta n\nEast Baltic:\nLatvian: pluts\nProto-Slavic: *plъ̀tъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*plūtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plūtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plūtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*plyti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *plyti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sometimes derived from *pleh₃(w)-"
},
"expansion": "(sometimes derived from *pleh₃(w)-)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *plyti (sometimes derived from *pleh₃(w)-), *plùti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*plutós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *plutós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *plutós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πλυτός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πλυτός (plutós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πλυτός (plutós)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*plutás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *plutás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *plutás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*plutás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *plutás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *plutás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "प्लुत",
"tr": "plutá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: प्लुत (plutá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: प्लुत (plutá)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pléw-ih₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸlowī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸlowī",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸlowī"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "lewier",
"der": "1",
"g": "m",
"t": "pilot"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Breton: lewier m (“pilot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Breton: lewier m (“pilot”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oco",
"2": "leu",
"t": "rudder"
},
"expansion": "Old Cornish: leu (“rudder”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cornish: leu (“rudder”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "lew",
"t": "rudder"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: lew (“rudder”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: lew (“rudder”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "luí",
"g": "f",
"t": "rudder, tail"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: luí f (“rudder, tail”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: luí f (“rudder, tail”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "llyw",
"g": "m",
"t": "rudder, tail, leader, pilot"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: llyw m (“rudder, tail, leader, pilot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: llyw m (“rudder, tail, leader, pilot”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Innovative formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "լուանամ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: լուանամ (luanam)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: լուանամ (luanam)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "լվանալ"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: լվանալ (lvanal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: լվանալ (lvanal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pluňňō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pluňňō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pluňňō (< *plu-n-yéti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πλῡ́νω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πλῡ́νω (plū́nō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πλῡ́νω (plū́nō)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/plew-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using bad params when calling Template:R:ine:AHD",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReR-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to fly, flow, run"
],
"id": "en-plew--ine-pro-root-qpj7piGS",
"links": [
[
"fly",
"fly"
],
[
"flow",
"flow"
],
[
"run",
"run"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "pnew-"
},
{
"word": "pleh₃(w)-"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "plew-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plew-d-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plew-k-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plew-t-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plewt-yom, *plowt-yom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*pljáutja",
"3": "*pláutja"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pljáutja, *pláutja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pljáutja, *pláutja"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "plàuši",
"3": "plàuši",
"pos": "nom.pl.",
"t": "lungs"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: plàuši (“lungs”, nom.pl.), plàuši",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: plàuši (“lungs”, nom.pl.), plàuši"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plaũtis",
"3": "plaũčiai",
"t2": "lung"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: plaũtis, plaũčiai (“lung”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: plaũtis, plaũčiai (“lung”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pľūťè",
"3": "*plūťè",
"t2": "lung"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pľūťè, *plūťè (“lung”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pľūťè, *plūťè (“lung”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plew-eh₂-h₁en-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "plyuwai",
"t": "to float"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: plyuwai (“to float”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: plyuwai (“to float”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pléw-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pléwō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pléwō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pléwō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πλέω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πλέω (pléō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πλέω (pléō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*pláwati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pláwati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pláwati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "",
"alt": "*plowō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *plowō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *plowō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pluit"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pluit",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pluit (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*pläu-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *pläu-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *pläu-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "plu-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: plu-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: plu-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "plu-"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: plu-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: plu-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plow-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "luithir"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: luithir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: luithir, fo·luathar"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*plāwáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *plāwáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *plāwáyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*plāwáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *plāwáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *plāwáyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "प्लावयति",
"tr": "plāváyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: प्लावयति (plāváyati)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: प्लावयति (plāváyati)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*frāwáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *frāwáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *frāwáyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬵𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬵𐬌 (frafrāuuaiiāhi)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬀𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬵𐬌 (frafrāuuaiiāhi)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*plàviti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *plàviti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sometimes derived from *pleh₃(w)-"
},
"expansion": "(sometimes derived from *pleh₃(w)-)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *plàviti (sometimes derived from *pleh₃(w)-) ⇒ *plàvati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "*pléw-mō (“lung”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plow-mos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*flaumaz",
"t": "stream"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *flaumaz (“stream”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *flaumaz (“stream”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plow-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*plowos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *plowos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *plowos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πλόος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πλόος (plóos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πλόος (plóos)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Attic Greek: πλοῦς (ploûs)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*plawás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *plawás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *plawás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*plawás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *plawás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *plawás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "प्लव",
"tr": "plavá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: प्लव (plavá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: प्लव (plavá)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "plewe"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: plewe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: plewe"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plow-tó-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "plàuts",
"t": "shelf, sideboard of a bee-hive"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: plàuts (“shelf, sideboard of a bee-hive”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: plàuts (“shelf, sideboard of a bee-hive”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "plaũtas",
"t": "sweating shelf, bath shelf, sideboard (of a bee-hive or a boat)"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: plaũtas (“sweating shelf, bath shelf, sideboard (of a bee-hive or a boat)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: plaũtas (“sweating shelf, bath shelf, sideboard (of a bee-hive or a boat)”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*plūtò",
"t": "flotsam"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *plūtò (“flotsam”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *plūtò (“flotsam”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "fleyðr",
"t": "cross-beam"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: fleyðr (“cross-beam”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Old Icelandic"
},
"expansion": "(Old Icelandic)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: fleyðr (“cross-beam”) (Old Icelandic)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fleyður"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: fleyður",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: fleyður"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plow-tós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πλοῦτος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πλοῦτος (ploûtos)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "?"
},
"expansion": "(?)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πλοῦτος (ploûtos) (?)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plów-yos (“ship”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*flawją"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *flawją",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *flawją (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*plóyyom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *plóyyom",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *plóyyom"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πλοῖον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πλοῖον (ploîon)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πλοῖον (ploîon)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*plowjos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *plowjos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *plowjos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "pluvius"
},
"expansion": "Latin: pluvius",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: pluvius"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*plu-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*plútas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plútas, *plúta n\nEast Baltic:\nLatvian: pluts\nProto-Slavic: *plъ̀tъ (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plútas, *plúta n\nEast Baltic:\nLatvian: pluts\nProto-Slavic: *plъ̀tъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*plūtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plūtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *plūtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*plyti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *plyti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sometimes derived from *pleh₃(w)-"
},
"expansion": "(sometimes derived from *pleh₃(w)-)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *plyti (sometimes derived from *pleh₃(w)-), *plùti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*plutós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *plutós",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *plutós"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πλυτός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πλυτός (plutós)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πλυτός (plutós)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*plutás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *plutás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *plutás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*plutás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *plutás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *plutás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "प्लुत",
"tr": "plutá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: प्लुत (plutá)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: प्लुत (plutá)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pléw-ih₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸlowī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸlowī",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸlowī"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "br",
"2": "lewier",
"der": "1",
"g": "m",
"t": "pilot"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Breton: lewier m (“pilot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Breton: lewier m (“pilot”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oco",
"2": "leu",
"t": "rudder"
},
"expansion": "Old Cornish: leu (“rudder”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Cornish: leu (“rudder”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "lew",
"t": "rudder"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: lew (“rudder”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: lew (“rudder”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "luí",
"g": "f",
"t": "rudder, tail"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: luí f (“rudder, tail”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: luí f (“rudder, tail”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "llyw",
"g": "m",
"t": "rudder, tail, leader, pilot"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: llyw m (“rudder, tail, leader, pilot”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: llyw m (“rudder, tail, leader, pilot”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Innovative formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "լուանամ"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: լուանամ (luanam)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: լուանամ (luanam)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hy",
"2": "լվանալ"
},
"expansion": "Armenian: լվանալ (lvanal)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Armenian: լվանալ (lvanal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pluňňō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pluňňō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pluňňō (< *plu-n-yéti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πλῡ́νω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: πλῡ́νω (plū́nō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: πλῡ́νω (plū́nō)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/plew-",
"pos": "root",
"related": [
{
"word": "pnew-"
},
{
"word": "pleh₃(w)-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using bad params when calling Template:R:ine:AHD",
"Proto-Indo-European CReR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to fly, flow, run"
],
"links": [
[
"fly",
"fly"
],
[
"flow",
"flow"
],
[
"run",
"run"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "plew-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (384852d and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.