See perd- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for perd- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (2.8kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pérd-e-tor (deponent thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥d-éh₁ye-ti (stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*pirdḗˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pirdḗˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pirdḗˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pьrdě̀ti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pьrdě̀ti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pьrdě̀ti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥d-kéh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸrikkā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸrikkā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸrikkā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*rex"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *rex",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *rex"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "rhech"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: rhech",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: rhech"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥d-u-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furtuz",
"3": "*fertaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *furtuz, *fertaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *furtuz, *fertaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*furtu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *furtu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *furtu (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/perd-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European imperfective roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to fart loudly, pass gas, break wind"
],
"id": "en-perd--ine-pro-root-XggF~LFZ",
"links": [
[
"fart",
"fart"
],
[
"pass gas",
"pass gas"
],
[
"break wind",
"break wind"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pesd-"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "perd-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pérd-e-tor (deponent thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥d-éh₁ye-ti (stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*pirdḗˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pirdḗˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pirdḗˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*pьrdě̀ti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *pьrdě̀ti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *pьrdě̀ti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥d-kéh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ɸrikkā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸrikkā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ɸrikkā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*rex"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *rex",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *rex"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "rhech"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: rhech",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: rhech"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*pr̥d-u-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*furtuz",
"3": "*fertaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *furtuz, *fertaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *furtuz, *fertaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*furtu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *furtu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *furtu (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/perd-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeRC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European imperfective roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"ine-pro:Bodily functions"
],
"glosses": [
"to fart loudly, pass gas, break wind"
],
"links": [
[
"fart",
"fart"
],
[
"pass gas",
"pass gas"
],
[
"break wind",
"break wind"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "pesd-"
}
],
"word": "perd-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (91e95e7 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.