See ní in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"alt": "ն-"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: ն- (n-)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "as in նստիմ (nstim, “to sit down”)"
},
"expansion": "(as in նստիմ (nstim, “to sit down”))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: ն- (n-) (as in նստիմ (nstim, “to sit down”))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "նի-"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: նի- (ni-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: նի- (ni-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*nizъ",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *nizъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *ní ǵʰi, with long *i from *nicь"
},
"expansion": "(< *ní ǵʰi, with long *i from *nicь)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *nizъ (< *ní ǵʰi, with long *i from *nicь) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ni-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ni-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ni-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ne-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: ne-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: ne-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ní"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ní",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ní (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from *h₁én / *én (“in”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "adv"
},
"expansion": "*ní",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ní",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"sense": "*ni-téro-s",
"word": "niþer"
},
{
"english": "downwards",
"roman": "nitarā́m",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "नितराम्"
},
{
"english": "looking down; see there for further descendants",
"word": "ni-h₃kʷ-"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "ni-sd-ós"
}
],
"glosses": [
"down"
],
"id": "en-ní-ine-pro-adv-kIrsRRLY",
"links": [
[
"down",
"down"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
]
}
],
"word": "ní"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"sense": "*ni-téro-s",
"word": "niþer"
},
{
"english": "downwards",
"roman": "nitarā́m",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "नितराम्"
},
{
"english": "looking down; see there for further descendants",
"word": "ni-h₃kʷ-"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "ni-sd-ós"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"alt": "ն-"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: ն- (n-)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "as in նստիմ (nstim, “to sit down”)"
},
"expansion": "(as in նստիմ (nstim, “to sit down”))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: ն- (n-) (as in նստիմ (nstim, “to sit down”))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "նի-"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: նի- (ni-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: նի- (ni-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*nizъ",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *nizъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *ní ǵʰi, with long *i from *nicь"
},
"expansion": "(< *ní ǵʰi, with long *i from *nicь)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *nizъ (< *ní ǵʰi, with long *i from *nicь) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*ni-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *ni-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *ni-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "ne-"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: ne-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: ne-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ní"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ní",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ní (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from *h₁én / *én (“in”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "adv"
},
"expansion": "*ní",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ní",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European adverbs",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas"
],
"glosses": [
"down"
],
"links": [
[
"down",
"down"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
]
}
],
"word": "ní"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ní meaning in Proto-Indo-European (2.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (813e02a and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.