"nókʷts" meaning in Proto-Indo-European

See nókʷts in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: Pooth argues that the word derives from *negʷ- (“bare, naked”), and that the ablaut variants *nékʷt-, *nókʷt- should be analyzed as two separate words, *négʷts and *nógʷts, root nouns meaning "dusk" and "night" respectively, or originally "getting bare (of sunlight)" (action noun) and "the result of getting bare (of sunlight)" (noun with detransitive or middle meaning marked by the vowel *o). This analysis differs from the traditional one, in which *nékʷt-, *nókʷt- are simply ablaut variants used in different parts of the nominal paradigm, with no difference in meaning. Kloekhorst cites Kroonen that *negʷ- (“bare, naked”) is from *dʰnegʷ- and assumes the initial was dropped "at an early stage". Head templates: {{head|ine-pro|noun|||||f2nolink=1|g=f|g2=|g3=|head=|head2=|head3=|head4=|head5=}} *nókʷts f Inflection templates: {{ine-decl-noun-mf|nókʷt|nékʷt|ac=acrostatic}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], nókʷts [nominative, singular], nókʷth₁ [dual, nominative], nókʷth₁e [dual, nominative], nókʷtes [nominative, plural], nókʷt [singular, vocative], nókʷth₁ [dual, vocative], nókʷth₁e [dual, vocative], nókʷtes [plural, vocative], nókʷtm̥ [accusative, singular], nókʷth₁ [accusative, dual], nókʷth₁e [accusative, dual], nókʷtm̥s [accusative, plural], nékʷts [genitive, singular], - [dual, genitive], nékʷtoHom [genitive, plural], nékʷts [ablative, singular], - [ablative, dual], nékʷtmos [ablative, plural], nékʷtbʰos [ablative, plural], nékʷtey [dative, singular], - [dative, dual], nékʷtmos [dative, plural], nékʷtbʰos [dative, plural], nékʷt [locative, singular], nékʷti [locative, singular], - [dual, locative], nékʷtsu [locative, plural], nékʷth₁ [instrumental, singular], - [dual, instrumental], nékʷtmis [instrumental, plural], nékʷtbʰis [instrumental, plural]
  1. night (or possibly 'evening') Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers Tags: feminine, reconstruction Derived forms (*nókʷ-t-u-s ~ *n̥kʷ-t-éw-s): unhtwǭ (english: see there for further descendants) Derived forms (Proto-Hellenic): ἀκτῑ́ς (aktī́s) (english: ray of light) [Ancient-Greek] Derived forms (Proto-Indo-Aryan: *aktúṣ): अक्तु (aktú) [Sanskrit] Derived forms (Proto-Tocharian: *nekʷcäwye- (“last night, during the night”)): nakcu, nekcīye Derived forms (Proto-Tocharian: *nekʷtu-): nokte (english: at night), naktiṃ (english: last night)
    Sense id: en-nókʷts-ine-pro-noun-mydGfBz~ Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sqj-pro",
            "2": "*naktā"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *naktā",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Albanian: *naktā (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-ana-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hit",
            "2": "𒉈𒆪𒍖",
            "pos": "gen.sg.",
            "t": "at eventide",
            "tr": "ne-ku-uz",
            "ts": "nekuz"
          },
          "expansion": "Hittite: 𒉈𒆪𒍖 (ne-ku-uz /⁠nekuz⁠/, “at eventide”, gen.sg.)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hittite: 𒉈𒆪𒍖 (ne-ku-uz /⁠nekuz⁠/, “at eventide”, gen.sg.)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
            "2": "*náktis"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *náktis",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *náktis (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*noxs"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *noxs",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *noxs (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*nahts"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *nahts",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *nahts (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro",
            "2": "*nokʷts"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *nokʷts",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic: *nokʷts"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "νῠ́ξ"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: νῠ́ξ (núx)\nGreek: νυξ (nyx), νύκτα (nýkta), νύχτα (nýchta)\nItaliot Greek: νύφτα\nMariupol Greek: ны́хта (nýxta)\nTsakonian: νιούτθα (nioúttha)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: νῠ́ξ (núx)\nGreek: νυξ (nyx), νύκτα (nýkta), νύχτα (nýchta)\nItaliot Greek: νύφτα\nMariupol Greek: ны́хта (nýxta)\nTsakonian: νιούτθα (nioúttha)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*nákts"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nákts",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nákts"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*nákts"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nákts",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nákts"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "नक्",
            "3": "नक्तम्",
            "4": "नक्ति",
            "t2": "by night",
            "tr": "nák",
            "tr2": "náktam",
            "tr3": "nákti"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: नक् (nák), नक्तम् (náktam, “by night”), नक्ति (nákti)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "नक्त",
            "nolb": "1",
            "tr": "nákta"
          },
          "expansion": "नक्त (nákta)\nPali: natta\n→ Bengali: নক্ত (nokto)\n→ Telugu: నక్తము (naktamu)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: नक् (nák), नक्तम् (náktam, “by night”), नक्ति (nákti), नक्त (nákta)\nPali: natta\n→ Bengali: নক্ত (nokto)\n→ Telugu: నక్తము (naktamu)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*náxts"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *náxts",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *náxts"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ae",
            "2": "𐬎𐬞𐬀⸱𐬥𐬀𐬑𐬙𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬱𐬎",
            "pos": "loc.pl.",
            "t": "bordering on the night"
          },
          "expansion": "Avestan: 𐬎𐬞𐬀⸱𐬥𐬀𐬑𐬙𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬱𐬎 (upa.naxturušu, “bordering on the night”, loc.pl.)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Avestan: 𐬎𐬞𐬀⸱𐬥𐬀𐬑𐬙𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬱𐬎 (upa.naxturušu, “bordering on the night”, loc.pl.)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kmr",
            "2": "nixte",
            "gloss": "rainy or cloudy weather, id. when the Sun doesn't shine"
          },
          "expansion": "Northern Kurdish: nixte (“rainy or cloudy weather, id. when the Sun doesn't shine”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Northern Kurdish: nixte (“rainy or cloudy weather, id. when the Sun doesn't shine”); nûtek (“obscure, pitch-dark”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wbl",
            "2": "naɣ̌d"
          },
          "expansion": "Wakhi: naɣ̌d",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Wakhi: naɣ̌d"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*nokts"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *nokts",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *nokts"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "nox"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: nox",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: nox (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Pooth argues that the word derives from *negʷ- (“bare, naked”), and that the ablaut variants *nékʷt-, *nókʷt- should be analyzed as two separate words, *négʷts and *nógʷts, root nouns meaning \"dusk\" and \"night\" respectively, or originally \"getting bare (of sunlight)\" (action noun) and \"the result of getting bare (of sunlight)\" (noun with detransitive or middle meaning marked by the vowel *o). This analysis differs from the traditional one, in which *nékʷt-, *nókʷt- are simply ablaut variants used in different parts of the nominal paradigm, with no difference in meaning.\nKloekhorst cites Kroonen that *negʷ- (“bare, naked”) is from *dʰnegʷ- and assumes the initial was dropped \"at an early stage\".",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nókʷts",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nókʷth₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nókʷth₁e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nókʷtes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nókʷt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nókʷth₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nókʷth₁e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nókʷtes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nókʷtm̥",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nókʷth₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nókʷth₁e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nókʷtm̥s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷts",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷtoHom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷts",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷtmos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷtbʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷtey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷtmos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷtbʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷtsu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷth₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷtmis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷtbʰis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "f2nolink": "1",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "head4": "",
        "head5": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*nókʷts f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nókʷt",
        "2": "nékʷt",
        "ac": "acrostatic"
      },
      "name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/nókʷts",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "english": "see there for further descendants",
          "sense": "*nókʷ-t-u-s ~ *n̥kʷ-t-éw-s",
          "word": "unhtwǭ"
        },
        {
          "english": "ray of light",
          "roman": "aktī́s",
          "sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
          "tags": [
            "Ancient-Greek"
          ],
          "word": "ἀκτῑ́ς"
        },
        {
          "roman": "aktú",
          "sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *aktúṣ",
          "tags": [
            "Sanskrit"
          ],
          "word": "अक्तु"
        },
        {
          "english": "at night",
          "sense": "Proto-Tocharian: *nekʷtu-",
          "word": "nokte"
        },
        {
          "english": "last night",
          "sense": "Proto-Tocharian: *nekʷtu-",
          "word": "naktiṃ"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Proto-Tocharian: *nekʷcäwye- (“last night, during the night”)",
          "word": "nakcu"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Proto-Tocharian: *nekʷcäwye- (“last night, during the night”)",
          "word": "nekcīye"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "night (or possibly 'evening')"
      ],
      "id": "en-nókʷts-ine-pro-noun-mydGfBz~",
      "links": [
        [
          "night",
          "night"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "nókʷts"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "see there for further descendants",
      "sense": "*nókʷ-t-u-s ~ *n̥kʷ-t-éw-s",
      "word": "unhtwǭ"
    },
    {
      "english": "ray of light",
      "roman": "aktī́s",
      "sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
      "tags": [
        "Ancient-Greek"
      ],
      "word": "ἀκτῑ́ς"
    },
    {
      "roman": "aktú",
      "sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *aktúṣ",
      "tags": [
        "Sanskrit"
      ],
      "word": "अक्तु"
    },
    {
      "english": "at night",
      "sense": "Proto-Tocharian: *nekʷtu-",
      "word": "nokte"
    },
    {
      "english": "last night",
      "sense": "Proto-Tocharian: *nekʷtu-",
      "word": "naktiṃ"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Proto-Tocharian: *nekʷcäwye- (“last night, during the night”)",
      "word": "nakcu"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Proto-Tocharian: *nekʷcäwye- (“last night, during the night”)",
      "word": "nekcīye"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sqj-pro",
            "2": "*naktā"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *naktā",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Albanian: *naktā (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-ana-pro"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "hit",
            "2": "𒉈𒆪𒍖",
            "pos": "gen.sg.",
            "t": "at eventide",
            "tr": "ne-ku-uz",
            "ts": "nekuz"
          },
          "expansion": "Hittite: 𒉈𒆪𒍖 (ne-ku-uz /⁠nekuz⁠/, “at eventide”, gen.sg.)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Hittite: 𒉈𒆪𒍖 (ne-ku-uz /⁠nekuz⁠/, “at eventide”, gen.sg.)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
            "2": "*náktis"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *náktis",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *náktis (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*noxs"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *noxs",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *noxs (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*nahts"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *nahts",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *nahts (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro",
            "2": "*nokʷts"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *nokʷts",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic: *nokʷts"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "νῠ́ξ"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: νῠ́ξ (núx)\nGreek: νυξ (nyx), νύκτα (nýkta), νύχτα (nýchta)\nItaliot Greek: νύφτα\nMariupol Greek: ны́хта (nýxta)\nTsakonian: νιούτθα (nioúttha)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: νῠ́ξ (núx)\nGreek: νυξ (nyx), νύκτα (nýkta), νύχτα (nýchta)\nItaliot Greek: νύφτα\nMariupol Greek: ны́хта (nýxta)\nTsakonian: νιούτθα (nioúttha)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*nákts"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nákts",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *nákts"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*nákts"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nákts",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *nákts"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "नक्",
            "3": "नक्तम्",
            "4": "नक्ति",
            "t2": "by night",
            "tr": "nák",
            "tr2": "náktam",
            "tr3": "nákti"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: नक् (nák), नक्तम् (náktam, “by night”), नक्ति (nákti)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "नक्त",
            "nolb": "1",
            "tr": "nákta"
          },
          "expansion": "नक्त (nákta)\nPali: natta\n→ Bengali: নক্ত (nokto)\n→ Telugu: నక్తము (naktamu)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: नक् (nák), नक्तम् (náktam, “by night”), नक्ति (nákti), नक्त (nákta)\nPali: natta\n→ Bengali: নক্ত (nokto)\n→ Telugu: నక్తము (naktamu)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*náxts"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *náxts",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *náxts"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ae",
            "2": "𐬎𐬞𐬀⸱𐬥𐬀𐬑𐬙𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬱𐬎",
            "pos": "loc.pl.",
            "t": "bordering on the night"
          },
          "expansion": "Avestan: 𐬎𐬞𐬀⸱𐬥𐬀𐬑𐬙𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬱𐬎 (upa.naxturušu, “bordering on the night”, loc.pl.)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Avestan: 𐬎𐬞𐬀⸱𐬥𐬀𐬑𐬙𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬱𐬎 (upa.naxturušu, “bordering on the night”, loc.pl.)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "kmr",
            "2": "nixte",
            "gloss": "rainy or cloudy weather, id. when the Sun doesn't shine"
          },
          "expansion": "Northern Kurdish: nixte (“rainy or cloudy weather, id. when the Sun doesn't shine”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Northern Kurdish: nixte (“rainy or cloudy weather, id. when the Sun doesn't shine”); nûtek (“obscure, pitch-dark”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "wbl",
            "2": "naɣ̌d"
          },
          "expansion": "Wakhi: naɣ̌d",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Wakhi: naɣ̌d"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*nokts"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *nokts",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *nokts"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "la",
            "2": "nox"
          },
          "expansion": "Latin: nox",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Latin: nox (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Pooth argues that the word derives from *negʷ- (“bare, naked”), and that the ablaut variants *nékʷt-, *nókʷt- should be analyzed as two separate words, *négʷts and *nógʷts, root nouns meaning \"dusk\" and \"night\" respectively, or originally \"getting bare (of sunlight)\" (action noun) and \"the result of getting bare (of sunlight)\" (noun with detransitive or middle meaning marked by the vowel *o). This analysis differs from the traditional one, in which *nékʷt-, *nókʷt- are simply ablaut variants used in different parts of the nominal paradigm, with no difference in meaning.\nKloekhorst cites Kroonen that *negʷ- (“bare, naked”) is from *dʰnegʷ- and assumes the initial was dropped \"at an early stage\".",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nókʷts",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nókʷth₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nókʷth₁e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nókʷtes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nókʷt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nókʷth₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nókʷth₁e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nókʷtes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nókʷtm̥",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nókʷth₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nókʷth₁e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nókʷtm̥s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷts",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷtoHom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷts",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷtmos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷtbʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷtey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷtmos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷtbʰos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷtsu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷth₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷtmis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "nékʷtbʰis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "noun",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "f2nolink": "1",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "head4": "",
        "head5": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*nókʷts f",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nókʷt",
        "2": "nékʷt",
        "ac": "acrostatic"
      },
      "name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/nókʷts",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Indo-European acrostatic root nouns",
        "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Indo-European feminine nouns",
        "Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
        "Proto-Indo-European nouns",
        "ine-pro:Times of day"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "night (or possibly 'evening')"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "night",
          "night"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "nókʷts"
}

Download raw JSONL data for nókʷts meaning in Proto-Indo-European (9.8kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.