See lewbʰ- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lubʰ-yé-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*luPi-",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Albanian: *luPi-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Albanian: *luPi-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "lyp"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: lyp",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: lyp"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*lubʰyáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lubʰyáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lubʰyáti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*lubʰyáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *lubʰyáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *lubʰyáti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "लुभ्यति",
"t": "to desire, to be perplexed",
"tr": "lúbhyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: लुभ्यति (lúbhyati, “to desire, to be perplexed”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: लुभ्यति (lúbhyati, “to desire, to be perplexed”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lowbʰ-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*laubitja"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *laubitja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *laubitja"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "lubi"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: lubi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: lubi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*ljaubī́ˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ljaubī́ˀtei",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ljaubī́ˀtei (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*lawbʰáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lawbʰáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lawbʰáyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*lawbʰáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *lawbʰáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *lawbʰáyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "लोभयति",
"t": "to make crazy",
"tr": "lobháyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: लोभयति (lobháyati, “to make crazy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: लोभयति (lobháyati, “to make crazy”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"der": "1",
"pos": "3pl.pres.",
"t": "to throw into confusion, rout",
"tr": "pdrwbynd",
"ts": "padrōbēnd"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Parthian: [script needed] (pdrwbynd /padrōbēnd/, “to throw into confusion, rout”, 3pl.pres.)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+ <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ira-pro\">*pati-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(+ *pati-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Parthian: [script needed] (pdrwbynd /padrōbēnd/, “to throw into confusion, rout”, 3pl.pres.) (+ *pati-)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"bor": "1",
"pos": "3pl.pres.",
"tr": "pdrwbynd"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (pdrwbynd, 3pl.pres.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (pdrwbynd, 3pl.pres.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lubʰ-eh₁-(ye)-ti (stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*luβēō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *luβēō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *luβēō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lewbʰ-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*ljaubas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ljaubas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ljaubas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ľubъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *ľubъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *ľubъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*leubaz",
"t": "dear, beloved"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *leubaz (“dear, beloved”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *leubaz (“dear, beloved”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*l(e)ubʰ-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*lubō",
"t": "love"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *lubō (“love”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *lubō (“love”), *leubō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lubʰ-o-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*lubą",
"t": "praise"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *lubą (“praise”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *lubą (“praise”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*lubōną",
"der": "1",
"t": "to praise"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *lubōną (“to praise”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *lubōną (“to praise”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lubʰ-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "लुब्ध"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: लुब्ध (lubdha)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: लुब्ध (lubdha) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lewbʰ-uh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*ljaubūˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ljaubūˀ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ljaubūˀ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ľubỳ",
"pos": "noun",
"t": "love"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *ľubỳ (“love”, noun)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *ľubỳ (“love”, noun) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "liaupsė",
"t": "praise"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: liaupsė (“praise”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: liaupsė (“praise”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*laubō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *laubō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *laubō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*louβ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *louβ-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *louβ-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "loufir"
},
"expansion": "Oscan: loufir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oscan: loufir"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "آلفتن",
"tr": "āluftan"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian: آلفتن (āluftan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Persian: آلفتن (āluftan)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "लोभ"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: लोभ (lobha)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: लोभ (lobha) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "लुभ्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: लुभ् (lubh)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: लुभ् (lubh)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lewbʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to desire, covet, want (someone or something)"
],
"id": "en-lewbʰ--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:love",
"links": [
[
"desire",
"desire"
],
[
"covet",
"covet"
],
[
"want",
"want"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:love"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to admire, praise"
],
"id": "en-lewbʰ--ine-pro-root-IOHn1~ZK",
"links": [
[
"admire",
"admire"
],
[
"praise",
"praise"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to love"
],
"id": "en-lewbʰ--ine-pro-root-N-OMg8z-",
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to be disturbed"
],
"id": "en-lewbʰ--ine-pro-root-Uz6R9PKQ",
"links": [
[
"disturbed",
"disturbed"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "lewbʰ-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lowbʰ-o-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*laubą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *laubą",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *laubą (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lubʰ-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*luβros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *luβros",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *luβros (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lubʰ-tu-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*luftuz",
"t": "roof, air"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *luftuz (“roof, air”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *luftuz (“roof, air”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lowbʰ-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "labë",
"t": "rind, cork"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: labë (“rind, cork”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: labë (“rind, cork”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "luobs",
"t": "peel"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: luobs (“peel”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: luobs (“peel”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "lúobas",
"t": "bast"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: lúobas (“bast”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: lúobas (“bast”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*lubъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *lubъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *lubъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "luba",
"t": "bast, plank, shelf"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: luba (“bast, plank, shelf”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: luba (“bast, plank, shelf”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "lubà",
"t": "plank, board"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: lubà (“plank, board”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: lubà (“plank, board”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "lubbo",
"t": "bast, plank, shelf"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: lubbo (“bast, plank, shelf”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: lubbo (“bast, plank, shelf”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*lъbъ",
"t": "skull"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *lъbъ (“skull”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *lъbъ (“skull”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*lubā",
"t": "herb, plant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *lubā (“herb, plant”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *lubā (“herb, plant”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λῡ́πη",
"t": "pain"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: λῡ́πη (lū́pē, “pain”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: λῡ́πη (lū́pē, “pain”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "lùpti",
"t": "to peel, to shell"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: lùpti (“to peel, to shell”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: lùpti (“to peel, to shell”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lewbʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 23 0 11 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 20 0 8 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 15 0 10 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European ReRC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 20 0 4 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 0 2 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 0 2 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cut off"
],
"id": "en-lewbʰ--ine-pro-root-ine_pro:cut_off",
"links": [
[
"cut off",
"cut off"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:cut off"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "lewbʰ-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European ReRC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lubʰ-yé-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*luPi-",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Albanian: *luPi-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Albanian: *luPi-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "lyp"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: lyp",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: lyp"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*lubʰyáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lubʰyáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lubʰyáti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*lubʰyáti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *lubʰyáti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *lubʰyáti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "लुभ्यति",
"t": "to desire, to be perplexed",
"tr": "lúbhyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: लुभ्यति (lúbhyati, “to desire, to be perplexed”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: लुभ्यति (lúbhyati, “to desire, to be perplexed”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lowbʰ-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*laubitja"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *laubitja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *laubitja"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "lubi"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: lubi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: lubi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*ljaubī́ˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ljaubī́ˀtei",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ljaubī́ˀtei (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*lawbʰáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lawbʰáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lawbʰáyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*lawbʰáyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *lawbʰáyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *lawbʰáyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "लोभयति",
"t": "to make crazy",
"tr": "lobháyati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: लोभयति (lobháyati, “to make crazy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: लोभयति (lobháyati, “to make crazy”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"der": "1",
"pos": "3pl.pres.",
"t": "to throw into confusion, rout",
"tr": "pdrwbynd",
"ts": "padrōbēnd"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Parthian: [script needed] (pdrwbynd /padrōbēnd/, “to throw into confusion, rout”, 3pl.pres.)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+ <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"ira-pro\">*pati-</i>"
},
"expansion": "(+ *pati-)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Parthian: [script needed] (pdrwbynd /padrōbēnd/, “to throw into confusion, rout”, 3pl.pres.) (+ *pati-)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"bor": "1",
"pos": "3pl.pres.",
"tr": "pdrwbynd"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (pdrwbynd, 3pl.pres.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Persian: [script needed] (pdrwbynd, 3pl.pres.)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lubʰ-eh₁-(ye)-ti (stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*luβēō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *luβēō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *luβēō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lewbʰ-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*ljaubas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ljaubas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ljaubas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ľubъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *ľubъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *ľubъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*leubaz",
"t": "dear, beloved"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *leubaz (“dear, beloved”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *leubaz (“dear, beloved”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*l(e)ubʰ-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*lubō",
"t": "love"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *lubō (“love”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *lubō (“love”), *leubō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lubʰ-o-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*lubą",
"t": "praise"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *lubą (“praise”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *lubą (“praise”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*lubōną",
"der": "1",
"t": "to praise"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *lubōną (“to praise”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Germanic: *lubōną (“to praise”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lubʰ-tó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "लुब्ध"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: लुब्ध (lubdha)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: लुब्ध (lubdha) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lewbʰ-uh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*ljaubūˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ljaubūˀ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ljaubūˀ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ľubỳ",
"pos": "noun",
"t": "love"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *ľubỳ (“love”, noun)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *ľubỳ (“love”, noun) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "liaupsė",
"t": "praise"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: liaupsė (“praise”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: liaupsė (“praise”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*laubō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *laubō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *laubō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*louβ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *louβ-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *louβ-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "loufir"
},
"expansion": "Oscan: loufir",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oscan: loufir"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "آلفتن",
"tr": "āluftan"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian: آلفتن (āluftan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Persian: آلفتن (āluftan)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "लोभ"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: लोभ (lobha)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: लोभ (lobha) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "लुभ्"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: लुभ् (lubh)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: लुभ् (lubh)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lewbʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to desire, covet, want (someone or something)"
],
"links": [
[
"desire",
"desire"
],
[
"covet",
"covet"
],
[
"want",
"want"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:love"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to admire, praise"
],
"links": [
[
"admire",
"admire"
],
[
"praise",
"praise"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to love"
],
"links": [
[
"love",
"love"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to be disturbed"
],
"links": [
[
"disturbed",
"disturbed"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "lewbʰ-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European ReRC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European homonymic roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lowbʰ-o-m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*laubą"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *laubą",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *laubą (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lubʰ-ró-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*luβros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *luβros",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *luβros (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lubʰ-tu-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*luftuz",
"t": "roof, air"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *luftuz (“roof, air”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *luftuz (“roof, air”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*lowbʰ-ó-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "labë",
"t": "rind, cork"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: labë (“rind, cork”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: labë (“rind, cork”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "luobs",
"t": "peel"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: luobs (“peel”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: luobs (“peel”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "lúobas",
"t": "bast"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: lúobas (“bast”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: lúobas (“bast”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*lubъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *lubъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *lubъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "luba",
"t": "bast, plank, shelf"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: luba (“bast, plank, shelf”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: luba (“bast, plank, shelf”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "lubà",
"t": "plank, board"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: lubà (“plank, board”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: lubà (“plank, board”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "lubbo",
"t": "bast, plank, shelf"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian: lubbo (“bast, plank, shelf”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Prussian: lubbo (“bast, plank, shelf”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*lъbъ",
"t": "skull"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *lъbъ (“skull”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *lъbъ (“skull”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*lubā",
"t": "herb, plant"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *lubā (“herb, plant”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *lubā (“herb, plant”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λῡ́πη",
"t": "pain"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: λῡ́πη (lū́pē, “pain”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: λῡ́πη (lū́pē, “pain”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "lùpti",
"t": "to peel, to shell"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: lùpti (“to peel, to shell”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: lùpti (“to peel, to shell”)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lewbʰ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to cut off"
],
"links": [
[
"cut off",
"cut off"
]
],
"senseid": [
"ine-pro:cut off"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "lewbʰ-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lewbʰ- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (14.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.