See keh₂- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for keh₂- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (8.1kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kéh₂-ye-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kaHyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kaHyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kaHyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kaHyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kaHyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kaHyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कायमान",
"tr": "kā́yamāna"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कायमान (kā́yamāna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कायमान (kā́yamāna)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*kaHyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *kaHyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *kaHyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁",
"t": "I enjoy"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁 (kaiiā, “I enjoy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁 (kaiiā, “I enjoy”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "reshaped by analogy or addition of morpheme",
"2": "⇒"
},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "tooltip"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "⇒"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Iranian: *kaHta- (lexicalized perfect participle)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬁𐬙𐬀",
"alt": "-𐬐𐬁𐬙𐬀-"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: -𐬐𐬁𐬙𐬀- (-kāta-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: -𐬐𐬁𐬙𐬀- (-kāta-)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "reshaped by analogy or addition of morpheme",
"2": "⇒"
},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "tooltip"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "⇒"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Iranian: *kaHta-ka-"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "qual"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) Middle Persian: [script needed] (kʾtk' /kādag/) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"tr": "ʾʾgʾdg",
"ts": "āɣādaɣ"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: [script needed] (ʾʾgʾdg /āɣādaɣ/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: [script needed] (ʾʾgʾdg /āɣādaɣ/)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tg",
"2": "кота",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tajik: кота (kota)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tajik: кота (kota)"
},
{
"depth": 7,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgh",
"2": "кота̄",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Shughni: кота̄ (kōtā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Shughni: кота̄ (kōtā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) *ke-n-h₂- (nasal-infix present, if not an unrelated root *kenH- (“to be pleased, enjoy”))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kanH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kanH-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kanH- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ke-kóh₂-e ~ *ke-kh₂-ḗr (perfect)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*čakáy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čakáy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čakáy"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ćakáy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćakáy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćakáy"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "चके",
"tr": "caké"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: चके (caké)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: चके (caké)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*čakáy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *čakáy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *čakáy"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬗𐬀𐬐𐬎𐬱"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬗𐬀𐬐𐬎𐬱 (cakuš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬗𐬀𐬐𐬎𐬱 (cakuš)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kéh₂-ro-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kārs"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: kārs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: kārs, kāruôt"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kury",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Slavic: *kury",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Slavic: *kury (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "reshaped by analogy or addition of morpheme",
"2": "⇒"
},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "tooltip"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "⇒"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Celtic: *karāyeti (deadjectival < *kh₂r-ó-s) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "reshaped by analogy or addition of morpheme",
"2": "⇒"
},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "tooltip"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "⇒"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*karants",
"pos": "present participle",
"t": "friend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *karants (“friend”, present participle)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *karants (“friend”, present participle) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hōraz",
"t": "adulterer"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hōraz (“adulterer”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hōraz (“adulterer”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kāros",
"t": "dear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kāros (“dear”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kāros (“dear”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kóh₂-mo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*káHmas",
"g": "m",
"gloss": "wish, desire"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *káHmas m (“wish, desire”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *káHmas m (“wish, desire”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) Ancient Greek: κῶμος (kômos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "चारु",
"t": "loved, beloved",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Sanskrit: चारु (cāru, “loved, beloved”)\n→ Telugu: చారువు (cāruvu)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Sanskrit: चारु (cāru, “loved, beloved”)\n→ Telugu: చారువు (cāruvu)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/keh₂-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeH-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to desire, wish"
],
"id": "en-keh₂--ine-pro-root-JtwJbEHi",
"links": [
[
"desire",
"desire"
],
[
"wish",
"wish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "keh₂-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kéh₂-ye-ti (ye-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kaHyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kaHyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kaHyati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kaHyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kaHyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kaHyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "कायमान",
"tr": "kā́yamāna"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: कायमान (kā́yamāna)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: कायमान (kā́yamāna)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*kaHyati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *kaHyati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *kaHyati"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁",
"t": "I enjoy"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁 (kaiiā, “I enjoy”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬁 (kaiiā, “I enjoy”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "reshaped by analogy or addition of morpheme",
"2": "⇒"
},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "tooltip"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "⇒"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Iranian: *kaHta- (lexicalized perfect participle)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬁𐬙𐬀",
"alt": "-𐬐𐬁𐬙𐬀-"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: -𐬐𐬁𐬙𐬀- (-kāta-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: -𐬐𐬁𐬙𐬀- (-kāta-)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "reshaped by analogy or addition of morpheme",
"2": "⇒"
},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "tooltip"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "⇒"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Iranian: *kaHta-ka-"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "qual"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) Middle Persian: [script needed] (kʾtk' /kādag/) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpr",
"tr": "ʾʾgʾdg",
"ts": "āɣādaɣ"
},
"expansion": "Parthian: [script needed] (ʾʾgʾdg /āɣādaɣ/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Parthian: [script needed] (ʾʾgʾdg /āɣādaɣ/)"
},
{
"depth": 6,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tg",
"2": "кота",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Tajik: кота (kota)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Tajik: кота (kota)"
},
{
"depth": 7,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sgh",
"2": "кота̄",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Shughni: кота̄ (kōtā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Shughni: кота̄ (kōtā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) *ke-n-h₂- (nasal-infix present, if not an unrelated root *kenH- (“to be pleased, enjoy”))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kanH-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kanH-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kanH- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*ke-kóh₂-e ~ *ke-kh₂-ḗr (perfect)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*čakáy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čakáy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *čakáy"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*ćakáy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćakáy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ćakáy"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "चके",
"tr": "caké"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: चके (caké)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: चके (caké)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*čakáy"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *čakáy",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *čakáy"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬗𐬀𐬐𐬎𐬱"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬗𐬀𐬐𐬎𐬱 (cakuš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬗𐬀𐬐𐬎𐬱 (cakuš)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kéh₂-ro-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kārs"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: kārs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: kārs, kāruôt"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kury",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Slavic: *kury",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Slavic: *kury (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "reshaped by analogy or addition of morpheme",
"2": "⇒"
},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "tooltip"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "⇒"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Celtic: *karāyeti (deadjectival < *kh₂r-ó-s) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "reshaped by analogy or addition of morpheme",
"2": "⇒"
},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "tooltip"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "⇒",
"name": "⇒"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*karants",
"pos": "present participle",
"t": "friend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *karants (“friend”, present participle)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *karants (“friend”, present participle) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hōraz",
"t": "adulterer"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hōraz (“adulterer”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hōraz (“adulterer”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kāros",
"t": "dear"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kāros (“dear”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kāros (“dear”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*kóh₂-mo-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*káHmas",
"g": "m",
"gloss": "wish, desire"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *káHmas m (“wish, desire”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *káHmas m (“wish, desire”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) Ancient Greek: κῶμος (kômos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Indo-Iranian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "चारु",
"t": "loved, beloved",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Sanskrit: चारु (cāru, “loved, beloved”)\n→ Telugu: చారువు (cāruvu)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": ">? Sanskrit: चारु (cāru, “loved, beloved”)\n→ Telugu: చారువు (cāruvu)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/keh₂-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeH-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to desire, wish"
],
"links": [
[
"desire",
"desire"
],
[
"wish",
"wish"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "keh₂-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (372f256 and 664a3bc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.