See kʷís in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for kʷís meaning in Proto-Indo-European (25.9kB)
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A PIE interrogative-indefinite paradigm built from the stems *kʷi- and *kʷe- (parallel to anaphoric *i-, *e-), the former on nominative and accusative cases of all genders, the latter elsewhere, with no distinction of feminine forms, mostly \"human\" – \"non-human\". A stem *kʷo-, an o-stem adjective, with its corresponding feminine *kʷeh₂-, was originally separate, but in most languages there was some conflation with the other two, as it is from this function that the relative pronoun evolves. Ultimately from *kʷ-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "R:Sihler 1995",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷís",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷís",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéyes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéyes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷím",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷím",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéysom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéysom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéysom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeybʰ-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeybʰ-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeybʰ-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeysu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeysu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeysu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "R:Sihler 1995",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷím",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷím",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéd?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéd?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéd?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "*kʷís",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷís",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 52 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European determiners",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 71 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 66 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 77 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *kʷ-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"who, what (interrogative)"
],
"id": "en-kʷís-ine-pro-pron-oUzFZRCs",
"links": [
[
"who",
"who"
],
[
"what",
"what"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"who, which, that (relative)"
],
"id": "en-kʷís-ine-pro-pron-ZqEUoD7r",
"links": [
[
"who",
"who"
],
[
"which",
"which"
],
[
"that",
"that"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kʷís"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "*kʷís",
"3": "*kʷo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *kʷís, *kʷo-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *kʷís, *kʷo- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ի-",
"3": "հի-",
"4": "ո",
"5": "ով",
"6": "որ",
"7": "քան"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: ի- (i-), հի- (hi-), ո (o), ով (ov), որ (or), քան (kʻan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: ի- (i-), հի- (hi-), ո (o), ով (ov), որ (or), քան (kʻan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kas",
"3": "*ki"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kas, *ki",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kas, *ki (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷēs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷēs",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷēs (from *kʷís), *kʷid (from *kʷíd) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hwaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hwaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hwaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τίς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: τίς (tís)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: τίς (tís) - τις (tis), ποῦ (poû) - πού (poú) (< *kʷosyo), ποῖ (poî) - ποι (poi), πῇ (pêi) - πῃ (pēi), πῶς (pôs) - πως (pōs), πότε (póte) - ποτέ (poté), πόθεν (póthen), ὅστις (hóstis), ἄσσα (ássa), ἕκαστος (hékastos), ποδαπός (podapós), πηλίκος (pēlíkos), πηνίκα (pēníka), πῆμος (pêmos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kíš",
"3": "*kás",
"4": "*kím"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kíš, *kás, *kím",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kíš, *kás, *kím"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kíṣ",
"3": "*kás",
"4": "*kím"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kíṣ, *kás, *kím",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kíṣ, *kás, *kím"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "किम्",
"3": "कः",
"4": "किस्",
"t": "what?",
"t3": "who/whether?",
"tr": "kím",
"tr2": "káḥ",
"tr3": "kís"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: किम् (kím, “what?”), कः (káḥ), किस् (kís, “who/whether?”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: किम् (kím, “what?”), कः (káḥ), किस् (kís, “who/whether?”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "किस",
"3": "को",
"pos": "oblique"
},
"expansion": "Hindi: किस (kis, oblique), को (ko)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Hindi: किस (kis, oblique), को (ko) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*číš",
"3": "*káh",
"4": "*čím"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *číš, *káh, *čím",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *číš, *káh, *čím"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬋",
"3": "𐬗𐬌𐬱"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬋 (kō), 𐬗𐬌𐬱 (ciš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬋 (kō), 𐬗𐬌𐬱 (ciš)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "kî",
"3": "kê",
"4": "çi",
"5": "kû",
"6": "ku",
"t": "who",
"t2": "whom",
"t3": "what",
"t4": "where",
"t5": "what"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: kî (“who”), kê (“whom”), çi (“what”), kû (“where”), ku (“what”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal Hekari"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal Hekari)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: kî (“who”), kê (“whom”), çi (“what”), kû (“where”), ku (“what”) (dialectal Hekari), kîjan (“which”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "که",
"3": "چه",
"4": "چی",
"tr": "ke",
"tr2": "če",
"tr3": "či"
},
"expansion": "Persian: که (ke), چه (če), چی (či)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: که (ke), چه (če), چی (či)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "څه",
"tr": "tse"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: څه (tse)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: څه (tse)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"tr": "čw"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: [script needed] (čw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: [script needed] (čw)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xco",
"tr": "ci"
},
"expansion": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ci)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ci)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "цы",
"tr": "cy"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: цы (cy)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: цы (cy)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"2": "𐨕𐨂",
"tr": "cu"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: 𐨕𐨂 (cu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: 𐨕𐨂 (cu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kʷis",
"3": "*kʷoi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kʷis, *kʷoi",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kʷis, *kʷoi (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "quis",
"3": "quī",
"4": "quia",
"5": "cum",
"6": "quam",
"7": "cūr",
"8": "ubī",
"9": "cūius"
},
"expansion": "Latin: quis, quī, quia, cum, quam, cūr, ubī, cūius",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: quis, quī, quia, cum, quam, cūr, ubī, cūius (< *kʷosyo), quoque, quālis, ut, unde"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpg",
"2": "κιν"
},
"expansion": "Phrygian: κιν (kin)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Phrygian: κιν (kin)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*kuse"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *kuse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *kuse (from *kʷisó < *kʷís)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "kus"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: kus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: kus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "kᵤse"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: kᵤse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: kᵤse"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "From instrumental singular *kʷéy:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*tśei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *tśei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *tśei?"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "se"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: se",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: se"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*či"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *či",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *či (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hwī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hwī",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hwī (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kʷei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kʷei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kʷei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "quei"
},
"expansion": "Latin: quei",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: quei > quī (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "From instrumental singular *kʷóy:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*kai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *kai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *kai"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "që",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Albanian: që",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Albanian: që"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kʷoi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kʷoi",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kʷoi (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A PIE interrogative-indefinite paradigm built from the stems *kʷi- and *kʷe- (parallel to anaphoric *i-, *e-), the former on nominative and accusative cases of all genders, the latter elsewhere, with no distinction of feminine forms, mostly \"human\" – \"non-human\". A stem *kʷo-, an o-stem adjective, with its corresponding feminine *kʷeh₂-, was originally separate, but in most languages there was some conflation with the other two, as it is from this function that the relative pronoun evolves. Ultimately from *kʷ-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kʷós",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷós",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷód",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeh₂s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeh₂es",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéh₂m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷód",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeh₂ms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷó",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷód",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéh₂es?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷh₂?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmōd?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmōd?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmōy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmōy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "determiner",
"head": "*kʷós"
},
"expansion": "*kʷós",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷís",
"pos": "det",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "how much",
"sense": "Proto-Albanian",
"word": ">? Albanian: sa"
},
{
"english": "what?",
"roman": "sá",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "σᾰ́"
},
{
"english": "because; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *kʷiā",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "quia"
},
{
"word": "kʷo-tero-"
},
{
"roman": "poiós",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʷoyyos",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "ποῖος - ποιός"
},
{
"sense": "Old Latin: quoius",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "cuius"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *kʷot",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "quot"
},
{
"roman": "posós",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʷotsos",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "πόσος - ποσός"
},
{
"english": "at what time, when; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*kʷo-m",
"word": "hwan"
},
{
"roman": "ku-wa-pí",
"sense": "Proto-Anatolian: *kʷobí",
"word": "𒆪𒉿𒁉"
},
{
"sense": ">? Proto-Italic: *kʷuβei (alternatively *kʷuðei < *kʷu-dʰe-í)",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "ubi"
},
{
"sense": ">? Proto-Italic: *kʷuβei (alternatively *kʷuðei < *kʷu-dʰe-í)",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "ne-cubi"
},
{
"sense": ">? Proto-Italic: *kʷuβei (alternatively *kʷuðei < *kʷu-dʰe-í)",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "ali-cubi"
},
{
"roman": "puf",
"sense": ">? Proto-Italic: *kʷuβei (alternatively *kʷuðei < *kʷu-dʰe-í)",
"word": "𐌐𐌖𐌚"
},
{
"roman": "pufe",
"sense": ">? Proto-Italic: *kʷuβei (alternatively *kʷuðei < *kʷu-dʰe-í)",
"word": "𐌐𐌖𐌚𐌄"
},
{
"roman": "póstos",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʷóstos",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "πόστος"
}
],
"glosses": [
"which, what"
],
"id": "en-kʷís-ine-pro-det-7id6R6MV",
"links": [
[
"which",
"which"
],
[
"what",
"what"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kʷís"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European determiners",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European pronouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *kʷ-"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A PIE interrogative-indefinite paradigm built from the stems *kʷi- and *kʷe- (parallel to anaphoric *i-, *e-), the former on nominative and accusative cases of all genders, the latter elsewhere, with no distinction of feminine forms, mostly \"human\" – \"non-human\". A stem *kʷo-, an o-stem adjective, with its corresponding feminine *kʷeh₂-, was originally separate, but in most languages there was some conflation with the other two, as it is from this function that the relative pronoun evolves. Ultimately from *kʷ-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "R:Sihler 1995",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷís",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷís",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéyes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéyes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷím",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷím",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéysom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéysom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéysom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeybʰ-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeybʰ-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeybʰ-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeysu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeysu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeysu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "R:Sihler 1995",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷím",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷím",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéd?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéd?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéd?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "*kʷís",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷís",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"who, what (interrogative)"
],
"links": [
[
"who",
"who"
],
[
"what",
"what"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"who, which, that (relative)"
],
"links": [
[
"who",
"who"
],
[
"which",
"which"
],
[
"that",
"that"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kʷís"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European determiners",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European pronouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *kʷ-"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "how much",
"sense": "Proto-Albanian",
"word": ">? Albanian: sa"
},
{
"english": "what?",
"roman": "sá",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "σᾰ́"
},
{
"english": "because; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *kʷiā",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "quia"
},
{
"word": "kʷo-tero-"
},
{
"roman": "poiós",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʷoyyos",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "ποῖος - ποιός"
},
{
"sense": "Old Latin: quoius",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "cuius"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *kʷot",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "quot"
},
{
"roman": "posós",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʷotsos",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "πόσος - ποσός"
},
{
"english": "at what time, when; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*kʷo-m",
"word": "hwan"
},
{
"roman": "ku-wa-pí",
"sense": "Proto-Anatolian: *kʷobí",
"word": "𒆪𒉿𒁉"
},
{
"sense": ">? Proto-Italic: *kʷuβei (alternatively *kʷuðei < *kʷu-dʰe-í)",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "ubi"
},
{
"sense": ">? Proto-Italic: *kʷuβei (alternatively *kʷuðei < *kʷu-dʰe-í)",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "ne-cubi"
},
{
"sense": ">? Proto-Italic: *kʷuβei (alternatively *kʷuðei < *kʷu-dʰe-í)",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "ali-cubi"
},
{
"roman": "puf",
"sense": ">? Proto-Italic: *kʷuβei (alternatively *kʷuðei < *kʷu-dʰe-í)",
"word": "𐌐𐌖𐌚"
},
{
"roman": "pufe",
"sense": ">? Proto-Italic: *kʷuβei (alternatively *kʷuðei < *kʷu-dʰe-í)",
"word": "𐌐𐌖𐌚𐌄"
},
{
"roman": "póstos",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʷóstos",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "πόστος"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "*kʷís",
"3": "*kʷo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *kʷís, *kʷo-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *kʷís, *kʷo- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ի-",
"3": "հի-",
"4": "ո",
"5": "ով",
"6": "որ",
"7": "քան"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: ի- (i-), հի- (hi-), ո (o), ով (ov), որ (or), քան (kʻan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: ի- (i-), հի- (hi-), ո (o), ով (ov), որ (or), քան (kʻan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kas",
"3": "*ki"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kas, *ki",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kas, *ki (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷēs"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷēs",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷēs (from *kʷís), *kʷid (from *kʷíd) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hwaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hwaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hwaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τίς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: τίς (tís)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: τίς (tís) - τις (tis), ποῦ (poû) - πού (poú) (< *kʷosyo), ποῖ (poî) - ποι (poi), πῇ (pêi) - πῃ (pēi), πῶς (pôs) - πως (pōs), πότε (póte) - ποτέ (poté), πόθεν (póthen), ὅστις (hóstis), ἄσσα (ássa), ἕκαστος (hékastos), ποδαπός (podapós), πηλίκος (pēlíkos), πηνίκα (pēníka), πῆμος (pêmos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kíš",
"3": "*kás",
"4": "*kím"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kíš, *kás, *kím",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kíš, *kás, *kím"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kíṣ",
"3": "*kás",
"4": "*kím"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kíṣ, *kás, *kím",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kíṣ, *kás, *kím"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "किम्",
"3": "कः",
"4": "किस्",
"t": "what?",
"t3": "who/whether?",
"tr": "kím",
"tr2": "káḥ",
"tr3": "kís"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: किम् (kím, “what?”), कः (káḥ), किस् (kís, “who/whether?”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: किम् (kím, “what?”), कः (káḥ), किस् (kís, “who/whether?”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "किस",
"3": "को",
"pos": "oblique"
},
"expansion": "Hindi: किस (kis, oblique), को (ko)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Hindi: किस (kis, oblique), को (ko) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*číš",
"3": "*káh",
"4": "*čím"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *číš, *káh, *čím",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *číš, *káh, *čím"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬋",
"3": "𐬗𐬌𐬱"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬋 (kō), 𐬗𐬌𐬱 (ciš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬋 (kō), 𐬗𐬌𐬱 (ciš)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "kî",
"3": "kê",
"4": "çi",
"5": "kû",
"6": "ku",
"t": "who",
"t2": "whom",
"t3": "what",
"t4": "where",
"t5": "what"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: kî (“who”), kê (“whom”), çi (“what”), kû (“where”), ku (“what”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal Hekari"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal Hekari)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: kî (“who”), kê (“whom”), çi (“what”), kû (“where”), ku (“what”) (dialectal Hekari), kîjan (“which”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "که",
"3": "چه",
"4": "چی",
"tr": "ke",
"tr2": "če",
"tr3": "či"
},
"expansion": "Persian: که (ke), چه (če), چی (či)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: که (ke), چه (če), چی (či)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "څه",
"tr": "tse"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: څه (tse)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: څه (tse)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"tr": "čw"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: [script needed] (čw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: [script needed] (čw)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xco",
"tr": "ci"
},
"expansion": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ci)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ci)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "цы",
"tr": "cy"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: цы (cy)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: цы (cy)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"2": "𐨕𐨂",
"tr": "cu"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: 𐨕𐨂 (cu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: 𐨕𐨂 (cu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kʷis",
"3": "*kʷoi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kʷis, *kʷoi",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kʷis, *kʷoi (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "quis",
"3": "quī",
"4": "quia",
"5": "cum",
"6": "quam",
"7": "cūr",
"8": "ubī",
"9": "cūius"
},
"expansion": "Latin: quis, quī, quia, cum, quam, cūr, ubī, cūius",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: quis, quī, quia, cum, quam, cūr, ubī, cūius (< *kʷosyo), quoque, quālis, ut, unde"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpg",
"2": "κιν"
},
"expansion": "Phrygian: κιν (kin)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Phrygian: κιν (kin)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*kuse"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *kuse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *kuse (from *kʷisó < *kʷís)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "kus"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: kus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: kus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "kᵤse"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: kᵤse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: kᵤse"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "From instrumental singular *kʷéy:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*tśei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *tśei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *tśei?"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "se"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: se",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: se"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*či"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *či",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *či (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hwī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hwī",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hwī (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kʷei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kʷei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kʷei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "quei"
},
"expansion": "Latin: quei",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: quei > quī (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "From instrumental singular *kʷóy:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*kai"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *kai",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *kai"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "që",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Albanian: që",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Albanian: që"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kʷoi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kʷoi",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kʷoi (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kʷ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A PIE interrogative-indefinite paradigm built from the stems *kʷi- and *kʷe- (parallel to anaphoric *i-, *e-), the former on nominative and accusative cases of all genders, the latter elsewhere, with no distinction of feminine forms, mostly \"human\" – \"non-human\". A stem *kʷo-, an o-stem adjective, with its corresponding feminine *kʷeh₂-, was originally separate, but in most languages there was some conflation with the other two, as it is from this function that the relative pronoun evolves. Ultimately from *kʷ-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kʷós",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷós",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷód",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeh₂s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeh₂es",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéh₂m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷód",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeh₂ms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷó",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷód",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéh₂es?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷh₂?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmōd?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmōd?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmōy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmōy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "determiner",
"head": "*kʷós"
},
"expansion": "*kʷós",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷís",
"pos": "det",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"which, what"
],
"links": [
[
"which",
"which"
],
[
"what",
"what"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kʷís"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-07-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-07-20 using wiktextract (0af6c06 and 6aeea9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.