See kʷís in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "from",
"3": "ine-pro>*kʷ->interrogative root",
"id": "who"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hwarjaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwarjaz",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A PIE interrogative-indefinite paradigm built from the stems *kʷi- and *kʷe- (parallel to anaphoric *i-, *e-), the former on nominative and accusative cases of all genders, the latter elsewhere, with no distinction of feminine forms, mostly \"human\" – \"non-human\". A stem *kʷo-, an o-stem adjective, with its corresponding feminine *kʷeh₂-, was originally separate, but in most languages there was some conflation with the other two, as it is from this function that the relative pronoun evolves.\nDunkel speculates about *kʷe- and *kʷi- coming from *kʷ- + *e- and *í- respectively, with *kʷ- possibly being an early contraction of *kú (“where?”) to a labiovelar. For the semantic development, compare Proto-Germanic *hwarjaz, ultimately from *kʷór + *Hyós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "R:Sihler 1995",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷís",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷís",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéyes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéyes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷím",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷím",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéysom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéysom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéysom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeybʰ-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeybʰ-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeybʰ-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeysu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeysu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeysu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "R:ine:CIEL",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷím",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷím",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéd?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéd?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéd?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "R:itc:EDL",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷís",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷís",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéyes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéyes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷím",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷím",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésm-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésm-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésm-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésm-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésm-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésm-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷih₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷih₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷih₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "*kʷís",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷís",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"who, what (interrogative)"
],
"id": "en-kʷís-ine-pro-pron-oUzFZRCs",
"links": [
[
"who",
"who"
],
[
"what",
"what"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"who, which, that (relative)"
],
"id": "en-kʷís-ine-pro-pron-ZqEUoD7r",
"links": [
[
"who",
"who"
],
[
"which",
"which"
],
[
"that",
"that"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
],
"word": "kʷís"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "*kʷís",
"3": "*kʷo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *kʷís, *kʷo-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *kʷís, *kʷo- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ի-",
"3": "հի-",
"4": "ո",
"5": "ով",
"6": "որ",
"7": "քան"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: ի- (i-), հի- (hi-), ո (o), ով (ov), որ (or), քան (kʻan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: ի- (i-), հի- (hi-), ո (o), ով (ov), որ (or), քան (kʻan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kas",
"3": "*ki"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kas, *ki",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kas, *ki (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷei",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷei (from *kʷís), *kʷid (from *kʷíd) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hwaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hwaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hwaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τίς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: τίς (tís)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: τίς (tís) - τις (tis), ποῦ (poû) - πού (poú) (< *kʷosyo), ποῖ (poî), πῇ (pêi) - πῃ (pēi), πῶς (pôs) - πως (pōs), πότε (póte) - ποτέ (poté), πόθεν (póthen), ὅστις (hóstis), ἄττα (átta), ἄσσα (ássa), ἕκαστος (hékastos), ποδαπός (podapós), πηνίκα (pēníka), πῆμος (pêmos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kíš",
"3": "*kás",
"4": "*kím"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kíš, *kás, *kím",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kíš, *kás, *kím"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kíṣ",
"3": "*kás",
"4": "*kím"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kíṣ, *kás, *kím",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kíṣ, *kás, *kím"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "किम्",
"3": "कः",
"4": "किस्",
"t": "what?",
"t3": "who/whether?",
"tr": "kím",
"tr2": "káḥ",
"tr3": "kís"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: किम् (kím, “what?”), कः (káḥ), किस् (kís, “who/whether?”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: किम् (kím, “what?”), कः (káḥ), किस् (kís, “who/whether?”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "किस",
"3": "को",
"pos": "oblique"
},
"expansion": "Hindi: किस (kis, oblique), को (ko)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Hindi: किस (kis, oblique), को (ko) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*číš",
"3": "*káh",
"4": "*čím"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *číš, *káh, *čím",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *číš, *káh, *čím"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬋",
"3": "𐬗𐬌𐬱"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬋 (kō), 𐬗𐬌𐬱 (ciš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬋 (kō), 𐬗𐬌𐬱 (ciš)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "kî",
"3": "kê",
"4": "çi",
"5": "ku",
"t": "who",
"t2": "whom",
"t3": "what",
"t4": "what"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: kî (“who”), kê (“whom”), çi (“what”), ku (“what”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal Hekari"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal Hekari)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: kî (“who”), kê (“whom”), çi (“what”), ku (“what”) (dialectal Hekari), kîjan (“which”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "که",
"3": "چه",
"4": "چی",
"5": "کی",
"6": "کدام",
"7": "کی",
"8": "کیو",
"tr": "ke",
"tr2": "če",
"tr3": "či",
"tr4": "ki",
"tr5": "kodām",
"tr6": "key",
"tr7": "kio"
},
"expansion": "Persian: که (ke), چه (če), چی (či), کی (ki), کدام (kodām), کی (key), کیو (kio)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: که (ke), چه (če), چی (či), کی (ki), کدام (kodām), کی (key), کیو (kio)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "څه",
"tr": "tse"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: څه (tse)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: څه (tse)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"tr": "čw"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: [script needed] (čw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: [script needed] (čw)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xco",
"tr": "ci"
},
"expansion": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ci)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ci)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "цы",
"tr": "cy"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: цы (cy)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: цы (cy)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"2": "𐨕𐨂",
"tr": "cu"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: 𐨕𐨂 (cu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: 𐨕𐨂 (cu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kʷis",
"3": "*kʷoi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kʷis, *kʷoi",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kʷis, *kʷoi (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "quis",
"3": "quī",
"4": "quam"
},
"expansion": "Latin: quis, quī, quam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: quis, quī, quam, quoque, ut, unde"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cms",
"2": "kos",
"t": "someone"
},
"expansion": "Messapic: kos (“someone”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Messapic: kos (“someone”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpg",
"2": "κος",
"3": "κιν"
},
"expansion": "Phrygian: κος (kos), κιν (kin)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Phrygian: κος (kos), κιν (kin)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*kuse"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *kuse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *kuse (from *kʷisó < *kʷís)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "kus"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: kus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: kus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "kᵤse"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: kᵤse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: kᵤse"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "from",
"3": "ine-pro>*kʷ->interrogative root",
"id": "who"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hwarjaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwarjaz",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A PIE interrogative-indefinite paradigm built from the stems *kʷi- and *kʷe- (parallel to anaphoric *i-, *e-), the former on nominative and accusative cases of all genders, the latter elsewhere, with no distinction of feminine forms, mostly \"human\" – \"non-human\". A stem *kʷo-, an o-stem adjective, with its corresponding feminine *kʷeh₂-, was originally separate, but in most languages there was some conflation with the other two, as it is from this function that the relative pronoun evolves.\nDunkel speculates about *kʷe- and *kʷi- coming from *kʷ- + *e- and *í- respectively, with *kʷ- possibly being an early contraction of *kú (“where?”) to a labiovelar. For the semantic development, compare Proto-Germanic *hwarjaz, ultimately from *kʷór + *Hyós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kʷós",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷós",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷód",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeh₂s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeh₂es",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéh₂m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷód",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeh₂ms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷó",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷód",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéh₂es?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷh₂?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmōd?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmōd?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmōy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmōy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "determiner",
"head": "*kʷós"
},
"expansion": "*kʷós",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷís",
"pos": "det",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "81 10 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "62 23 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European determiners",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 15 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 21 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European pronouns",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "69 19 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *kʷ-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "how much",
"sense": "Proto-Albanian",
"word": ">? Albanian: sa"
},
{
"roman": "sắ",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"word": "Doric Greek: σᾰ́"
},
{
"english": "why?",
"roman": "tắ",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"word": "Boeotian Greek: τᾰ́"
},
{
"english": "somewhere",
"roman": "poi",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "ποι"
},
{
"alt": "with adjectival -κός (-kós) extension",
"english": "how great?",
"roman": "pēlíkos",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"word": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πηλίκος"
},
{
"english": "because; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *kʷia",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "quia"
},
{
"roman": "ƕē",
"sense": "*kʷé-h₁ (“how?”)",
"word": "Proto-Germanic: *hwēOld Norse: hvéIcelandic: hveNorwegian Nynorsk: koGothic: 𐍈𐌴"
},
{
"english": "where?",
"roman": "pê",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʷē",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "πῆ"
},
{
"english": "somewhere",
"roman": "pē",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʷē",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "πη"
},
{
"english": "how?",
"word": "kʷí-h₁"
},
{
"english": "where?, somewhere",
"word": "kʷó-r"
},
{
"english": "which (of two)?",
"word": "kʷo-tero-s"
},
{
"english": "how many?",
"word": "kʷó-ti"
},
{
"word": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "quirquir"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"word": "kuõ"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"word": "kõl"
},
{
"english": "as long as",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"word": "kõlei"
},
{
"alt": "with analogical *o",
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"tags": [
"Proto-Slavic"
],
"word": "kolě"
},
{
"english": "how; see there for further descendants",
"roman": "instr.",
"sense": "*kʷó-h₁ (“how?”, instrumental)",
"word": "hwō"
},
{
"roman": "kō",
"sense": "Ancient Greek: πω (pō), πώ (pṓ, “up to now, yet, ever”)",
"tags": [
"Greek",
"Ionic"
],
"word": "κω"
},
{
"english": "with what?",
"roman": "kā, instr. m./n.",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian",
"word": "𐬐𐬁"
},
{
"alt": "-k-i-y /-kaiy/; in 𐎠𐎭𐎣𐎡𐎹 (a-d-k-i-y /adakaiy/, )",
"english": "then, at that time",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian",
"tags": [
"Old-Persian"
],
"word": "-𐎣𐎡𐎹"
},
{
"english": "whereto; to what end, why; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *kʷō",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "quō"
},
{
"roman": "ku-wa-pí",
"sense": "Proto-Anatolian: *kʷóbi",
"word": "𒆪𒉿𒁉"
},
{
"alt": "or from *kʷó-dʰi",
"english": "how?",
"sense": ">? Proto-Celtic; Old Irish",
"word": "co"
},
{
"alt": "or from *kʷó-bʰi",
"english": "how?",
"sense": ">? Proto-Celtic; Old Irish",
"word": "co"
},
{
"english": "whither?",
"roman": "ƕaþ",
"sense": "Proto-Germanic",
"tags": [
"Gothic"
],
"word": "𐍈𐌰𐌸"
},
{
"english": "where? whither?",
"roman": "póthĭ",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʷótʰi",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "πόθῐ"
},
{
"english": "if",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic; Old Prussian",
"word": "kan"
},
{
"alt": "or from *kʷó-na",
"english": "at what time, when; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*kʷó-m (adverb)",
"word": ">? Proto-Germanic: *hwan"
},
{
"english": "how?",
"roman": "kəm",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian; Younger Avestan",
"word": "𐬐𐬆𐬨"
},
{
"english": "when; because",
"sense": "Old Latin: quom",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "cum"
},
{
"roman": "pún",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *kʷom",
"word": "𐌐𐌞𐌍"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kai",
"tags": [
"Latvian"
],
"word": "kâ"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kai",
"tags": [
"Latvian"
],
"word": "kaî"
},
{
"english": "when",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kai",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"word": "kai̇̃"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kai; Old Prussian",
"word": "kai"
},
{
"english": "and, also, besides, though",
"roman": "cě",
"sense": "Proto-Slavic: *cě; Old Church Slavonic",
"word": "цѣ"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"roman": "nom.sg.m.",
"sense": "*kʷó íh₁ (or with different particle *i)",
"word": "kʷoi"
},
{
"alt": "or derived from gen.pl. ποίων (poíōn); from *kʷoysōm",
"roman": "poiós",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʷoyyos",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "ποῖος - ποιός"
},
{
"sense": "Old Latin: quoius",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "cuius"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kāˀkas (or from *kʷeh₂-h₁-h₃kʷ-o-s (“looking how?”))",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"word": "kóks"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kāˀkas (or from *kʷeh₂-h₁-h₃kʷ-o-s (“looking how?”))",
"tags": [
"Proto-Slavic"
],
"word": "kakъ"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*kʷeh₂-kʷo-s (reduplicated) or *kʷo-h₃kʷ-o-s",
"word": "kʷākʷos"
},
{
"english": "what kind?; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "quālis"
},
{
"sense": ">? Proto-Albanian: *tśe(i); Albanian",
"word": "se"
},
{
"english": "which",
"roman": "or borrowed from Latin quī",
"sense": ">? Proto-Albanian: *kai; Albanian",
"word": "që"
}
],
"glosses": [
"which, what"
],
"id": "en-kʷís-ine-pro-det-7id6R6MV",
"links": [
[
"which",
"which"
],
[
"what",
"what"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kʷís"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European determiners",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European pronouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *kʷ-"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "from",
"3": "ine-pro>*kʷ->interrogative root",
"id": "who"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hwarjaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwarjaz",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A PIE interrogative-indefinite paradigm built from the stems *kʷi- and *kʷe- (parallel to anaphoric *i-, *e-), the former on nominative and accusative cases of all genders, the latter elsewhere, with no distinction of feminine forms, mostly \"human\" – \"non-human\". A stem *kʷo-, an o-stem adjective, with its corresponding feminine *kʷeh₂-, was originally separate, but in most languages there was some conflation with the other two, as it is from this function that the relative pronoun evolves.\nDunkel speculates about *kʷe- and *kʷi- coming from *kʷ- + *e- and *í- respectively, with *kʷ- possibly being an early contraction of *kú (“where?”) to a labiovelar. For the semantic development, compare Proto-Germanic *hwarjaz, ultimately from *kʷór + *Hyós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "R:Sihler 1995",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷís",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷís",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéyes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéyes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷím",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷím",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéysom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéysom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéysom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeybʰ-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeybʰ-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeybʰ-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeysu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeysu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeysu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "R:ine:CIEL",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷé",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷím",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷím",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéd?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéd?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéd?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "R:itc:EDL",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷís",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷís",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéyes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéyes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷím",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷím",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíns",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésm-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésm-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésm-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésm-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésm-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷésm-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷih₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷih₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷih₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "pronoun"
},
"expansion": "*kʷís",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷís",
"pos": "pron",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"who, what (interrogative)"
],
"links": [
[
"who",
"who"
],
[
"what",
"what"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"who, which, that (relative)"
],
"links": [
[
"who",
"who"
],
[
"which",
"which"
],
[
"that",
"that"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
],
"word": "kʷís"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European determiners",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European pronouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *kʷ-"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "how much",
"sense": "Proto-Albanian",
"word": ">? Albanian: sa"
},
{
"roman": "sắ",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"word": "Doric Greek: σᾰ́"
},
{
"english": "why?",
"roman": "tắ",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"word": "Boeotian Greek: τᾰ́"
},
{
"english": "because; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *kʷia",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "quia"
},
{
"roman": "ƕē",
"sense": "*kʷé-h₁ (“how?”)",
"word": "Proto-Germanic: *hwēOld Norse: hvéIcelandic: hveNorwegian Nynorsk: koGothic: 𐍈𐌴"
},
{
"english": "where?",
"roman": "pê",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʷē",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "πῆ"
},
{
"english": "somewhere",
"roman": "pē",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʷē",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "πη"
},
{
"english": "how?",
"word": "kʷí-h₁"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"word": "kuõ"
},
{
"english": "how; see there for further descendants",
"roman": "instr.",
"sense": "*kʷó-h₁ (“how?”, instrumental)",
"word": "hwō"
},
{
"roman": "kō",
"sense": "Ancient Greek: πω (pō), πώ (pṓ, “up to now, yet, ever”)",
"tags": [
"Greek",
"Ionic"
],
"word": "κω"
},
{
"english": "with what?",
"roman": "kā, instr. m./n.",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian",
"word": "𐬐𐬁"
},
{
"english": "whereto; to what end, why; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *kʷō",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "quō"
},
{
"roman": "ku-wa-pí",
"sense": "Proto-Anatolian: *kʷóbi",
"word": "𒆪𒉿𒁉"
},
{
"alt": "or from *kʷó-dʰi",
"english": "how?",
"sense": ">? Proto-Celtic; Old Irish",
"word": "co"
},
{
"alt": "or from *kʷó-bʰi",
"english": "how?",
"sense": ">? Proto-Celtic; Old Irish",
"word": "co"
},
{
"english": "whither?",
"roman": "ƕaþ",
"sense": "Proto-Germanic",
"tags": [
"Gothic"
],
"word": "𐍈𐌰𐌸"
},
{
"english": "where? whither?",
"roman": "póthĭ",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʷótʰi",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "πόθῐ"
},
{
"english": "if",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic; Old Prussian",
"word": "kan"
},
{
"alt": "or from *kʷó-na",
"english": "at what time, when; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*kʷó-m (adverb)",
"word": ">? Proto-Germanic: *hwan"
},
{
"english": "how?",
"roman": "kəm",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian; Younger Avestan",
"word": "𐬐𐬆𐬨"
},
{
"english": "when; because",
"sense": "Old Latin: quom",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "cum"
},
{
"roman": "pún",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *kʷom",
"word": "𐌐𐌞𐌍"
},
{
"english": "where?, somewhere",
"word": "kʷó-r"
},
{
"english": "which (of two)?",
"word": "kʷo-tero-s"
},
{
"english": "how many?",
"word": "kʷó-ti"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kai",
"tags": [
"Latvian"
],
"word": "kâ"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kai",
"tags": [
"Latvian"
],
"word": "kaî"
},
{
"english": "when",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kai",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"word": "kai̇̃"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kai; Old Prussian",
"word": "kai"
},
{
"english": "and, also, besides, though",
"roman": "cě",
"sense": "Proto-Slavic: *cě; Old Church Slavonic",
"word": "цѣ"
},
{
"english": "somewhere",
"roman": "poi",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "ποι"
},
{
"alt": "-k-i-y /-kaiy/; in 𐎠𐎭𐎣𐎡𐎹 (a-d-k-i-y /adakaiy/, )",
"english": "then, at that time",
"sense": "Proto-Iranian",
"tags": [
"Old-Persian"
],
"word": "-𐎣𐎡𐎹"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"roman": "nom.sg.m.",
"sense": "*kʷó íh₁ (or with different particle *i)",
"word": "kʷoi"
},
{
"alt": "or derived from gen.pl. ποίων (poíōn); from *kʷoysōm",
"roman": "poiós",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʷoyyos",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "ποῖος - ποιός"
},
{
"sense": "Old Latin: quoius",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "cuius"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kāˀkas (or from *kʷeh₂-h₁-h₃kʷ-o-s (“looking how?”))",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"word": "kóks"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kāˀkas (or from *kʷeh₂-h₁-h₃kʷ-o-s (“looking how?”))",
"tags": [
"Proto-Slavic"
],
"word": "kakъ"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*kʷeh₂-kʷo-s (reduplicated) or *kʷo-h₃kʷ-o-s",
"word": "kʷākʷos"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"word": "kõl"
},
{
"english": "as long as",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"word": "kõlei"
},
{
"alt": "with analogical *o",
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"tags": [
"Proto-Slavic"
],
"word": "kolě"
},
{
"alt": "with adjectival -κός (-kós) extension",
"english": "how great?",
"roman": "pēlíkos",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic",
"word": "⇒ Ancient Greek: πηλίκος"
},
{
"english": "what kind?; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "quālis"
},
{
"word": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "quirquir"
},
{
"sense": ">? Proto-Albanian: *tśe(i); Albanian",
"word": "se"
},
{
"english": "which",
"roman": "or borrowed from Latin quī",
"sense": ">? Proto-Albanian: *kai; Albanian",
"word": "që"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"2": "*kʷís",
"3": "*kʷo-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian: *kʷís, *kʷo-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian: *kʷís, *kʷo- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ի-",
"3": "հի-",
"4": "ո",
"5": "ով",
"6": "որ",
"7": "քան"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: ի- (i-), հի- (hi-), ո (o), ով (ov), որ (or), քան (kʻan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: ի- (i-), հի- (hi-), ո (o), ով (ov), որ (or), քան (kʻan)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*kas",
"3": "*ki"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kas, *ki",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kas, *ki (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*kʷei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷei",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *kʷei (from *kʷís), *kʷid (from *kʷíd) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hwaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hwaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hwaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "τίς"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: τίς (tís)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: τίς (tís) - τις (tis), ποῦ (poû) - πού (poú) (< *kʷosyo), ποῖ (poî), πῇ (pêi) - πῃ (pēi), πῶς (pôs) - πως (pōs), πότε (póte) - ποτέ (poté), πόθεν (póthen), ὅστις (hóstis), ἄττα (átta), ἄσσα (ássa), ἕκαστος (hékastos), ποδαπός (podapós), πηνίκα (pēníka), πῆμος (pêmos)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kíš",
"3": "*kás",
"4": "*kím"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kíš, *kás, *kím",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kíš, *kás, *kím"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*kíṣ",
"3": "*kás",
"4": "*kím"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kíṣ, *kás, *kím",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kíṣ, *kás, *kím"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "किम्",
"3": "कः",
"4": "किस्",
"t": "what?",
"t3": "who/whether?",
"tr": "kím",
"tr2": "káḥ",
"tr3": "kís"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: किम् (kím, “what?”), कः (káḥ), किस् (kís, “who/whether?”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: किम् (kím, “what?”), कः (káḥ), किस् (kís, “who/whether?”)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hi",
"2": "किस",
"3": "को",
"pos": "oblique"
},
"expansion": "Hindi: किस (kis, oblique), को (ko)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Hindi: किस (kis, oblique), को (ko) (dialectal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*číš",
"3": "*káh",
"4": "*čím"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *číš, *káh, *čím",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *číš, *káh, *čím"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬋",
"3": "𐬗𐬌𐬱"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬋 (kō), 𐬗𐬌𐬱 (ciš)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬐𐬋 (kō), 𐬗𐬌𐬱 (ciš)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "kî",
"3": "kê",
"4": "çi",
"5": "ku",
"t": "who",
"t2": "whom",
"t3": "what",
"t4": "what"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: kî (“who”), kê (“whom”), çi (“what”), ku (“what”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dialectal Hekari"
},
"expansion": "(dialectal Hekari)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: kî (“who”), kê (“whom”), çi (“what”), ku (“what”) (dialectal Hekari), kîjan (“which”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "که",
"3": "چه",
"4": "چی",
"5": "کی",
"6": "کدام",
"7": "کی",
"8": "کیو",
"tr": "ke",
"tr2": "če",
"tr3": "či",
"tr4": "ki",
"tr5": "kodām",
"tr6": "key",
"tr7": "kio"
},
"expansion": "Persian: که (ke), چه (če), چی (či), کی (ki), کدام (kodām), کی (key), کیو (kio)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Persian: که (ke), چه (če), چی (či), کی (ki), کدام (kodām), کی (key), کیو (kio)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ps",
"2": "څه",
"tr": "tse"
},
"expansion": "Pashto: څه (tse)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Pashto: څه (tse)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sog",
"tr": "čw"
},
"expansion": "Sogdian: [script needed] (čw)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sogdian: [script needed] (čw)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xco",
"tr": "ci"
},
"expansion": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ci)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khwarezmian: [script needed] (ci)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "цы",
"tr": "cy"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian: цы (cy)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ossetian: цы (cy)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"2": "𐨕𐨂",
"tr": "cu"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: 𐨕𐨂 (cu)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: 𐨕𐨂 (cu)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kʷis",
"3": "*kʷoi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kʷis, *kʷoi",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kʷis, *kʷoi (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "quis",
"3": "quī",
"4": "quam"
},
"expansion": "Latin: quis, quī, quam",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: quis, quī, quam, quoque, ut, unde"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cms",
"2": "kos",
"t": "someone"
},
"expansion": "Messapic: kos (“someone”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Messapic: kos (“someone”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpg",
"2": "κος",
"3": "κιν"
},
"expansion": "Phrygian: κος (kos), κιν (kin)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Phrygian: κος (kos), κιν (kin)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"2": "*kuse"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian: *kuse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: *kuse (from *kʷisó < *kʷís)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xto",
"2": "kus"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian A: kus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian A: kus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "kᵤse"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: kᵤse",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: kᵤse"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "from",
"3": "ine-pro>*kʷ->interrogative root",
"id": "who"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hwarjaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hwarjaz",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A PIE interrogative-indefinite paradigm built from the stems *kʷi- and *kʷe- (parallel to anaphoric *i-, *e-), the former on nominative and accusative cases of all genders, the latter elsewhere, with no distinction of feminine forms, mostly \"human\" – \"non-human\". A stem *kʷo-, an o-stem adjective, with its corresponding feminine *kʷeh₂-, was originally separate, but in most languages there was some conflation with the other two, as it is from this function that the relative pronoun evolves.\nDunkel speculates about *kʷe- and *kʷi- coming from *kʷ- + *e- and *í- respectively, with *kʷ- possibly being an early contraction of *kú (“where?”) to a labiovelar. For the semantic development, compare Proto-Germanic *hwarjaz, ultimately from *kʷór + *Hyós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "kʷós",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷós",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷód",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeh₂s",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeh₂es",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéh₂m",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷód",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeh₂ms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷeh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷó",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷód",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷéh₂es?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷh₂?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷíh₂",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóso",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmōd?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmōd?",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmōy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmōy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷósmi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kʷóy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "determiner",
"head": "*kʷós"
},
"expansion": "*kʷós",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷís",
"pos": "det",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"which, what"
],
"links": [
[
"which",
"which"
],
[
"what",
"what"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kʷís"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kʷís meaning in Proto-Indo-European (31.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (e937b02 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.