See kápros in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for kápros meaning in Proto-Indo-European (5.2kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gabros",
"t": "goat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *gabros (“goat”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *gabros (“goat”), *kaɸerūxs (“sheep”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hafraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hafraz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hafraz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kápros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kápros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kápros"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κάπρος",
"t": "boar"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κάπρος (kápros, “boar”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κάπρος (kápros, “boar”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kápras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kápras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kápras"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*káfrah",
"t": "kid"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *káfrah (“kid”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *káfrah (“kid”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kapros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kapros",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kapros (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Considered a post-PIE loanword by De Vaan. The appearance of initial *g- in one, and the cluster *-ɸr- (instead of the expected *-br-) in the other, the Celtic variants are inexplicable if these are considered inherited reflexes. The a-vocalism likewise suggests a Wanderwort.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kápros",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "káproh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "káproes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kápre",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "káproh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "káproes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "káprom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "káproh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "káproms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "káprosyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "káproHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kápread",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kápromos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "káproey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kápromos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "káprey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "káproy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "káproysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "káproh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "káprōys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*kápros m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kápro"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kápros",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using bad params when calling Template:ine-noun",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"he-goat, billy goat"
],
"id": "en-kápros-ine-pro-noun-VcTLY2Gy",
"links": [
[
"he-goat",
"he-goat"
],
[
"billy goat",
"billy goat"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kápros"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gabros",
"t": "goat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *gabros (“goat”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *gabros (“goat”), *kaɸerūxs (“sheep”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hafraz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *hafraz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *hafraz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kápros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kápros",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kápros"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "κάπρος",
"t": "boar"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: κάπρος (kápros, “boar”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: κάπρος (kápros, “boar”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*kápras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kápras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *kápras"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*káfrah",
"t": "kid"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *káfrah (“kid”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *káfrah (“kid”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*kapros"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *kapros",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *kapros (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Considered a post-PIE loanword by De Vaan. The appearance of initial *g- in one, and the cluster *-ɸr- (instead of the expected *-br-) in the other, the Celtic variants are inexplicable if these are considered inherited reflexes. The a-vocalism likewise suggests a Wanderwort.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kápros",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "káproh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "káproes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kápre",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "káproh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "káproes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "káprom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "káproh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "káproms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "káprosyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "káproHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kápread",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kápromos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "káproey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "kápromos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "káprey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "káproy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "káproysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "káproh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "káprōys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*kápros m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kápro"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kápros",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using bad params when calling Template:ine-noun",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European thematic o-stem nouns",
"ine-pro:Goats",
"ine-pro:Male animals"
],
"glosses": [
"he-goat, billy goat"
],
"links": [
[
"he-goat",
"he-goat"
],
[
"billy goat",
"billy goat"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "kápros"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.