See h₂erk- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for h₂erk- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (5.9kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂érk-ti ~ *h₂r̥k-énti (root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒄯𒍝",
"tr": "ḫar-za",
"ts": "ḫarza"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒄯𒍝 (ḫar-za /ḫarza/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒄯𒍝 (ḫar-za /ḫarza/), 𒄯𒍣 (ḫar-zi /ḫarzi/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂orké-ye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*arkeō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *arkeō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *arkeō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "arceō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: arceō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: arceō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌕𐌓𐌝𐌁𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌊𐌀𐌅𐌞𐌌",
"pos": "inf."
},
"expansion": "Oscan: 𐌕𐌓𐌝𐌁𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌊𐌀𐌅𐌞𐌌 (tríbarakavúm, inf.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oscan: 𐌕𐌓𐌝𐌁𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌊𐌀𐌅𐌞𐌌 (tríbarakavúm, inf.), 𐌕𐌓𐌝𐌁𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌊𐌀𐌕𐌕𐌝𐌍𐌔 (tríbarakattíns, 3pl.perf.subj.), 𐌕𐌓𐌝𐌁𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌊𐌀𐌕𐌕𐌖𐌔𐌄𐌕 (tríbarakattuset, “build”, 3pl.fut.perf.) (< *trēb-ark-ā-, denominative of 𐌕𐌓𐌝𐌁𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌊𐌊𐌋𐌖𐌚 (tríbarakkluf, “building”, nom.sg.) < *trēb-ark-iōn-s)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂poh₂orké-ye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fargijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fargijaną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fargijaną"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "fergja"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: fergja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: fergja"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fergja"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: fergja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: fergja"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "fergja"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: fergja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: fergja"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*porkeō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *porkeō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *porkeō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "porceō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: porceō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: porceō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂poh₂érketi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*parkō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *parkō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *parkō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "parcō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: parcō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: parcō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂orkos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*orkos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *orkos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *orkos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Orcus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: Orcus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: Orcus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂érk-os ~ *h₂érk-es-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἄρκος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἄρκος (árkos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἄρκος (árkos)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀρκέω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἀρκέω (arkéō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἀρκέω (arkéō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂erk-es-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*arkezā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *arkezā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *arkezā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "arcera"
},
"expansion": "Latin: arcera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: arcera"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂erk-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*arks"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *arks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *arks"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "arx"
},
"expansion": "Latin: arx",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: arx"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂erk-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*arkā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *arkā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *arkā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "arca"
},
"expansion": "Latin: arca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: arca, arcānus, arcānum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "արգել"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: արգել (argel)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: արգել (argel)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂erk-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European HeRC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European imperfective roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to protect, guard, hold, lock"
],
"id": "en-h₂erk--ine-pro-root-17c-JU1G",
"links": [
[
"protect",
"protect"
],
[
"guard",
"guard"
],
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"lock",
"lock"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "h₂lek-"
}
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "h₂erk-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂érk-ti ~ *h₂r̥k-énti (root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒄯𒍝",
"tr": "ḫar-za",
"ts": "ḫarza"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒄯𒍝 (ḫar-za /ḫarza/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒄯𒍝 (ḫar-za /ḫarza/), 𒄯𒍣 (ḫar-zi /ḫarzi/)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂orké-ye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*arkeō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *arkeō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *arkeō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "arceō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: arceō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: arceō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌕𐌓𐌝𐌁𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌊𐌀𐌅𐌞𐌌",
"pos": "inf."
},
"expansion": "Oscan: 𐌕𐌓𐌝𐌁𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌊𐌀𐌅𐌞𐌌 (tríbarakavúm, inf.)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oscan: 𐌕𐌓𐌝𐌁𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌊𐌀𐌅𐌞𐌌 (tríbarakavúm, inf.), 𐌕𐌓𐌝𐌁𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌊𐌀𐌕𐌕𐌝𐌍𐌔 (tríbarakattíns, 3pl.perf.subj.), 𐌕𐌓𐌝𐌁𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌊𐌀𐌕𐌕𐌖𐌔𐌄𐌕 (tríbarakattuset, “build”, 3pl.fut.perf.) (< *trēb-ark-ā-, denominative of 𐌕𐌓𐌝𐌁𐌀𐌓𐌀𐌊𐌊𐌋𐌖𐌚 (tríbarakkluf, “building”, nom.sg.) < *trēb-ark-iōn-s)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂poh₂orké-ye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*fargijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *fargijaną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *fargijaną"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "fergja"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: fergja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: fergja"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "fergja"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: fergja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: fergja"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "fergja"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: fergja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: fergja"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*porkeō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *porkeō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *porkeō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "porceō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: porceō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: porceō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂poh₂érketi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*parkō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *parkō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *parkō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "parcō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: parcō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: parcō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂orkos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*orkos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *orkos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *orkos"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Orcus"
},
"expansion": "Latin: Orcus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: Orcus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂érk-os ~ *h₂érk-es-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἄρκος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἄρκος (árkos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἄρκος (árkos)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἀρκέω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: ἀρκέω (arkéō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: ἀρκέω (arkéō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂erk-es-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*arkezā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *arkezā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *arkezā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "arcera"
},
"expansion": "Latin: arcera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: arcera"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂erk-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*arks"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *arks",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *arks"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "arx"
},
"expansion": "Latin: arx",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: arx"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*h₂erk-eh₂"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*arkā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *arkā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *arkā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "arca"
},
"expansion": "Latin: arca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: arca, arcānus, arcānum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "արգել"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: արգել (argel)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: արգել (argel)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂erk-",
"pos": "root",
"related": [
{
"word": "h₂lek-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European HeRC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European imperfective roots",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"glosses": [
"to protect, guard, hold, lock"
],
"links": [
[
"protect",
"protect"
],
[
"guard",
"guard"
],
[
"hold",
"hold"
],
[
"lock",
"lock"
]
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "h₂erk-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (91e95e7 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.