See h₂éwh₂os in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *awā",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "ava"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*h₂éwh₂-h₂ ~ *h₂uh₂-és (“grandmother”)",
"word": "awǭ"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "uncle; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*h₂éwh₂-ō ~ *h₂uh₂-nés",
"word": "awū"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "grandfather; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*h₂éwh₂-ō ~ *h₂uh₂-nés",
"word": "awô"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"english": "maternal uncle; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *awō",
"word": "⇒ Latin: avunculus"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"english": "uncle",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *auˀis, *auˀjas; Old Prussian",
"word": "awis"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"english": "maternal uncle; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *auˀis, *auˀjas",
"tags": [
"Proto-Slavic"
],
"word": "ujь"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"english": "maternal uncle",
"sense": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *auˀinas",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"word": "avynas"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"english": "uncle's wife",
"roman": "vújna",
"tags": [
"Bulgarian",
"Proto-Slavic"
],
"word": "ву́йна"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"roman": "újna",
"tags": [
"Bulgarian",
"Proto-Slavic",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "у́йна"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"english": "descendant; see there for further descendants",
"roman": "avi",
"sense": "Proto-Celtic: *auyos; Primitive Irish",
"word": "ᚐᚃᚔ"
},
{
"_dis1": "50 50",
"english": "granddaughter",
"sense": "Proto-Celtic: *auyos",
"word": "aua"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcr",
"2": "𐊨𐊲𐊨",
"t": "grandfather",
"tr": "quq"
},
"expansion": "Carian: 𐊨𐊲𐊨 (quq, “grandfather”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carian: 𐊨𐊲𐊨 (quq, “grandfather”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒄷𒄴𒄩𒀸",
"t": "grandfather",
"tr": "ḫu-uḫ-ḫa-as"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒄷𒄴𒄩𒀸 (ḫu-uḫ-ḫa-as, “grandfather”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒄷𒄴𒄩𒀸 (ḫu-uḫ-ḫa-as, “grandfather”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Luwian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luwian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "𒄷𒌋𒄩",
"sc": "Xsux",
"t": "grandfather",
"tr": "ḫūḫa-"
},
"expansion": "Luwian: 𒄷𒌋𒄩 (ḫūḫa-, “grandfather”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luwian: 𒄷𒌋𒄩 (ḫūḫa-, “grandfather”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "𔕳𔓷",
"sc": "Hluw",
"t": "grandfather",
"tr": "huha-"
},
"expansion": "Luwian: 𔕳𔓷 (huha-, “grandfather”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luwian: 𔕳𔓷 (huha-, “grandfather”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlc",
"2": "𐊜𐊒𐊄𐊀",
"t": "grandfather"
},
"expansion": "Lycian: 𐊜𐊒𐊄𐊀 (χuga, “grandfather”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lycian: 𐊜𐊒𐊄𐊀 (χuga, “grandfather”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xld",
"2": "𐤨𐤰𐤨𐤠𐤮",
"t": "grandfather"
},
"expansion": "Lydian: 𐤨𐤰𐤨𐤠𐤮 (kukas, “grandfather”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lydian: 𐤨𐤰𐤨𐤠𐤮 (kukas, “grandfather”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "imy",
"2": "𐊜𐊒𐊄𐊀",
"t": "grandfather",
"tr": "χuga"
},
"expansion": "Milyan: 𐊜𐊒𐊄𐊀 (χuga, “grandfather”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Milyan: 𐊜𐊒𐊄𐊀 (χuga, “grandfather”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "հաւ",
"id": "grandfather"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: հաւ (haw)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: հաւ (haw) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*awos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *awos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *awos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "avus",
"t": "grandfather"
},
"expansion": "Latin: avus (“grandfather”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: avus (“grandfather”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "āwe"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: āwe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: āwe"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "non-ablauting",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂os",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂oh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂oes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂oh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂oes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂om",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂oh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂oms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂osyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂oHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂ead",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂omos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂obʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂oey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂omos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂obʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂ey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂oy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂oysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂oh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂ōys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "non-ablauting",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "-",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*h₂éwh₂os m (non-ablauting)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "h₂éwh₂o"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂éwh₂os",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"maternal grandfather"
],
"id": "en-h₂éwh₂os-ine-pro-noun-xiukPNPc",
"links": [
[
"grandfather",
"grandfather"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"maternal uncle"
],
"id": "en-h₂éwh₂os-ine-pro-noun-PjGtdF4a",
"links": [
[
"uncle",
"uncle"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Leiden"
],
"word": "h₂éwh₂os"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European thematic o-stem nouns"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *awā",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "ava"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*h₂éwh₂-h₂ ~ *h₂uh₂-és (“grandmother”)",
"word": "awǭ"
},
{
"english": "uncle; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*h₂éwh₂-ō ~ *h₂uh₂-nés",
"word": "awū"
},
{
"english": "grandfather; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*h₂éwh₂-ō ~ *h₂uh₂-nés",
"word": "awô"
},
{
"english": "maternal uncle; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *awō",
"word": "⇒ Latin: avunculus"
},
{
"english": "uncle",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *auˀis, *auˀjas; Old Prussian",
"word": "awis"
},
{
"english": "maternal uncle; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *auˀis, *auˀjas",
"tags": [
"Proto-Slavic"
],
"word": "ujь"
},
{
"english": "maternal uncle",
"sense": "⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *auˀinas",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"word": "avynas"
},
{
"english": "uncle's wife",
"roman": "vújna",
"tags": [
"Bulgarian",
"Proto-Slavic"
],
"word": "ву́йна"
},
{
"roman": "újna",
"tags": [
"Bulgarian",
"Proto-Slavic",
"dialectal"
],
"word": "у́йна"
},
{
"english": "descendant; see there for further descendants",
"roman": "avi",
"sense": "Proto-Celtic: *auyos; Primitive Irish",
"word": "ᚐᚃᚔ"
},
{
"english": "granddaughter",
"sense": "Proto-Celtic: *auyos",
"word": "aua"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcr",
"2": "𐊨𐊲𐊨",
"t": "grandfather",
"tr": "quq"
},
"expansion": "Carian: 𐊨𐊲𐊨 (quq, “grandfather”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Carian: 𐊨𐊲𐊨 (quq, “grandfather”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒄷𒄴𒄩𒀸",
"t": "grandfather",
"tr": "ḫu-uḫ-ḫa-as"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒄷𒄴𒄩𒀸 (ḫu-uḫ-ḫa-as, “grandfather”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒄷𒄴𒄩𒀸 (ḫu-uḫ-ḫa-as, “grandfather”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Luwian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luwian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "𒄷𒌋𒄩",
"sc": "Xsux",
"t": "grandfather",
"tr": "ḫūḫa-"
},
"expansion": "Luwian: 𒄷𒌋𒄩 (ḫūḫa-, “grandfather”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luwian: 𒄷𒌋𒄩 (ḫūḫa-, “grandfather”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlu",
"2": "𔕳𔓷",
"sc": "Hluw",
"t": "grandfather",
"tr": "huha-"
},
"expansion": "Luwian: 𔕳𔓷 (huha-, “grandfather”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luwian: 𔕳𔓷 (huha-, “grandfather”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlc",
"2": "𐊜𐊒𐊄𐊀",
"t": "grandfather"
},
"expansion": "Lycian: 𐊜𐊒𐊄𐊀 (χuga, “grandfather”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lycian: 𐊜𐊒𐊄𐊀 (χuga, “grandfather”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xld",
"2": "𐤨𐤰𐤨𐤠𐤮",
"t": "grandfather"
},
"expansion": "Lydian: 𐤨𐤰𐤨𐤠𐤮 (kukas, “grandfather”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lydian: 𐤨𐤰𐤨𐤠𐤮 (kukas, “grandfather”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "imy",
"2": "𐊜𐊒𐊄𐊀",
"t": "grandfather",
"tr": "χuga"
},
"expansion": "Milyan: 𐊜𐊒𐊄𐊀 (χuga, “grandfather”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Milyan: 𐊜𐊒𐊄𐊀 (χuga, “grandfather”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "հաւ",
"id": "grandfather"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: հաւ (haw)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: հաւ (haw) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"alt": "*awos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *awos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *awos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "avus",
"t": "grandfather"
},
"expansion": "Latin: avus (“grandfather”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: avus (“grandfather”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Tocharian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "āwe"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: āwe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: āwe"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "non-ablauting",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂os",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂oh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂oes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂oh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂oes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂om",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂oh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂oms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂osyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂oHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂ead",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂omos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂obʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂oey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂omos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂obʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂ey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂oy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂oysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂oh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "h₂éwh₂ōys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "non-ablauting",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "-",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*h₂éwh₂os m (non-ablauting)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "h₂éwh₂o"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂éwh₂os",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"ine-pro:Male family members"
],
"glosses": [
"maternal grandfather"
],
"links": [
[
"grandfather",
"grandfather"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"maternal uncle"
],
"links": [
[
"uncle",
"uncle"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Leiden"
],
"word": "h₂éwh₂os"
}
Download raw JSONL data for h₂éwh₂os meaning in Proto-Indo-European (7.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (95d2be1 and 64224ec). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.