See h₁n̥dʰí in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlc",
"tr": "ẽti"
},
"expansion": "Lycian: [script needed] (ẽti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lycian: [script needed] (ẽti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ընդ",
"t": "under (+ instr.)"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: ընդ (ənd, “under (+ instr.)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: ընդ (ənd, “under (+ instr.)”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*adʰi",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *adʰi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *adʰi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*adʰi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *adʰi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *adʰi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अधि",
"t": "upper, supreme",
"tr": "ádhi"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अधि (ádhi, “upper, supreme”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "with semantic reversal"
},
"expansion": "(with semantic reversal)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अधि (ádhi, “upper, supreme”) (with semantic reversal) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "af",
"3": "unc",
"4": "*h₁én>in",
"5": "*-dʰe>locative suffix",
"id": "under"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₁én",
"3": "*-dʰe",
"alt1": "*h₁ní",
"pos2": "locative suffix",
"t1": "down, downwards"
},
"expansion": "*h₁ní (“down, downwards”) + *-dʰe (locative suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely from *h₁ní (“down, downwards”) + *-dʰe (locative suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "*h₁n̥dʰí",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁n̥dʰí",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *dʰeh₁-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-dʰe",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "below, downwards; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*h₁n̥dʰ-és (innovative gen.sg.)",
"word": "Hadʰás"
},
{
"alt": "with change of *nt to tt like possibly also in perpette",
"english": "down, lower",
"sense": "Proto-Tocharian",
"word": "ette"
},
{
"english": "down",
"sense": "Proto-Tocharian",
"word": "āñc"
},
{
"word": "h₁n̥dʰ-ér"
},
{
"roman": "innovative loc.sg.",
"word": "h₁n̥dʰ-éri"
},
{
"word": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*h₁n̥dʰ-m̥mó-s (“lowest”)",
"word": "Hadʰamás"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *enðemos",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "īnfimus"
},
{
"alt": "< *emmos < *enðmos; or from *h₂í-h₂i-mo-s",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *enðemos",
"word": ">? Latin: īmus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"under, below"
],
"id": "en-h₁n̥dʰí-ine-pro-adv-7MbRut0~",
"links": [
[
"under",
"under"
],
[
"below",
"below"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "h₁n̥dʰí"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "below, downwards; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*h₁n̥dʰ-és (innovative gen.sg.)",
"word": "Hadʰás"
},
{
"alt": "with change of *nt to tt like possibly also in perpette",
"english": "down, lower",
"sense": "Proto-Tocharian",
"word": "ette"
},
{
"word": "h₁n̥dʰ-ér"
},
{
"roman": "innovative loc.sg.",
"word": "h₁n̥dʰ-éri"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*h₁n̥dʰ-m̥mó-s (“lowest”)",
"word": "Hadʰamás"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *enðemos",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "īnfimus"
},
{
"alt": "< *emmos < *enðmos; or from *h₂í-h₂i-mo-s",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *enðemos",
"word": ">? Latin: īmus"
},
{
"word": "Unsorted formations"
},
{
"english": "down",
"sense": "Proto-Tocharian",
"word": "āñc"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xlc",
"tr": "ẽti"
},
"expansion": "Lycian: [script needed] (ẽti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lycian: [script needed] (ẽti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ընդ",
"t": "under (+ instr.)"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: ընդ (ənd, “under (+ instr.)”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: ընդ (ənd, “under (+ instr.)”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*adʰi",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *adʰi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Indo-Iranian: *adʰi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*adʰi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *adʰi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *adʰi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "अधि",
"t": "upper, supreme",
"tr": "ádhi"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: अधि (ádhi, “upper, supreme”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "with semantic reversal"
},
"expansion": "(with semantic reversal)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: अधि (ádhi, “upper, supreme”) (with semantic reversal) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "af",
"3": "unc",
"4": "*h₁én>in",
"5": "*-dʰe>locative suffix",
"id": "under"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₁én",
"3": "*-dʰe",
"alt1": "*h₁ní",
"pos2": "locative suffix",
"t1": "down, downwards"
},
"expansion": "*h₁ní (“down, downwards”) + *-dʰe (locative suffix)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely from *h₁ní (“down, downwards”) + *-dʰe (locative suffix).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "adverb"
},
"expansion": "*h₁n̥dʰí",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁n̥dʰí",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European adverbs",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *dʰeh₁-",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-dʰe"
],
"glosses": [
"under, below"
],
"links": [
[
"under",
"under"
],
[
"below",
"below"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "h₁n̥dʰí"
}
Download raw JSONL data for h₁n̥dʰí meaning in Proto-Indo-European (3.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (58c391d and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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