See h₁eǵʰis in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*eźis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *eźis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *eźis"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bat-pro",
"2": "*ežis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic: *ežis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Baltic: *ežis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ezis"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: ezis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: ezis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ežỹs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: ežỹs",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "regional"
},
"expansion": "(regional)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: ežỹs; ẽżis (regional)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ežь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *ežь",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *ežь (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpg",
"2": "ἔζις",
"t": "hedgehog"
},
"expansion": "Phrygian: ἔζις (ézis, “hedgehog”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Phrygian: ἔζις (ézis, “hedgehog”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*egalaz",
"3": "",
"4": "leech"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *egalaz (“leech”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Root unknown.\nIf related to *h₁ógʷʰis (“snake”), it may have originated as literally “one that deals with snakes” > “snake-eater”. However, this would seem to require reinterpreting *h₁egʷʰ- as *h₁egʰ-w-, in which case Indo-Aryan would lack the suffix *-w-. While this may appear helpful for explaining some strange words like Proto-Germanic *egalaz (“leech”), it still fails to account for the different *ǵʰ versus *gʰ and so only adds complexity to the issue.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "*h₁eǵʰis",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*h₁eǵʰis m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁eǵʰis",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"roman": "ekhînos",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *hekʰinos",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "ἐχῖνος"
},
{
"roman": "e-ki-no",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *hekʰinos",
"tags": [
"Greek",
"Mycenaean"
],
"word": "𐀁𐀑𐀜"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ežīˀnāˀ",
"tags": [
"Proto-Slavic"
],
"word": "ežina"
},
{
"english": "hedgehog, sea urchin; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*h₁eǵʰ-i-lós",
"word": "igilaz"
},
{
"roman": "ozni",
"sense": "*h₁oǵʰ-iHn-yo-",
"word": "Old Armenian: ոզնի"
},
{
"roman": "ozni",
"sense": "*h₁oǵʰ-iHn-yo-",
"word": "կոզնիArmenian: ոզնի"
},
{
"roman": "kozni",
"sense": "*h₁oǵʰ-iHn-yo-",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "կոզնի"
},
{
"roman": "uzun",
"sense": "Ossetian",
"word": "узун"
},
{
"roman": "wyzýn",
"sense": "Ossetian; Iron Ossetian",
"word": "уызы́н"
},
{
"english": "zu",
"sense": "Alanic: *æzin",
"word": "→ Chechen: зу"
},
{
"english": "hedgehog",
"roman": "zünaš",
"sense": "Alanic: *æzin",
"word": "зуьнаш"
},
{
"english": "hedgehog",
"roman": "zˀii",
"sense": "Alanic: *æzin",
"word": "→ Ingush: зӏий"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Proto-Albanian: *etska (< *edz-k-a); Albanian",
"word": "esh"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Proto-Albanian: *etska (< *edz-k-a); Albanian",
"word": "es"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Proto-Albanian: *etska (< *edz-k-a); Albanian",
"word": "eshk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hedgehog"
],
"id": "en-h₁eǵʰis-ine-pro-noun-BkpDgytP",
"links": [
[
"hedgehog",
"hedgehog"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ǵʰḗr"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov",
"Rick Derksen",
"uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич"
]
}
],
"word": "h₁eǵʰis"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"roman": "ekhînos",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *hekʰinos",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "ἐχῖνος"
},
{
"roman": "e-ki-no",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *hekʰinos",
"tags": [
"Greek",
"Mycenaean"
],
"word": "𐀁𐀑𐀜"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ežīˀnāˀ",
"tags": [
"Proto-Slavic"
],
"word": "ežina"
},
{
"english": "hedgehog, sea urchin; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*h₁eǵʰ-i-lós",
"word": "igilaz"
},
{
"roman": "ozni",
"sense": "*h₁oǵʰ-iHn-yo-",
"word": "Old Armenian: ոզնի"
},
{
"roman": "ozni",
"sense": "*h₁oǵʰ-iHn-yo-",
"word": "կոզնիArmenian: ոզնի"
},
{
"roman": "kozni",
"sense": "*h₁oǵʰ-iHn-yo-",
"tags": [
"dialectal"
],
"word": "կոզնի"
},
{
"roman": "uzun",
"sense": "Ossetian",
"word": "узун"
},
{
"roman": "wyzýn",
"sense": "Ossetian; Iron Ossetian",
"word": "уызы́н"
},
{
"english": "zu",
"sense": "Alanic: *æzin",
"word": "→ Chechen: зу"
},
{
"english": "hedgehog",
"roman": "zünaš",
"sense": "Alanic: *æzin",
"word": "зуьнаш"
},
{
"english": "hedgehog",
"roman": "zˀii",
"sense": "Alanic: *æzin",
"word": "→ Ingush: зӏий"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Proto-Albanian: *etska (< *edz-k-a); Albanian",
"word": "esh"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Proto-Albanian: *etska (< *edz-k-a); Albanian",
"word": "es"
},
{
"sense": "⇒ Proto-Albanian: *etska (< *edz-k-a); Albanian",
"word": "eshk"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*eźis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *eźis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *eźis"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bat-pro",
"2": "*ežis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic: *ežis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Baltic: *ežis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ezis"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: ezis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: ezis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ežỹs"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: ežỹs",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "regional"
},
"expansion": "(regional)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: ežỹs; ẽżis (regional)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ežь"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *ežь",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *ežь (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xpg",
"2": "ἔζις",
"t": "hedgehog"
},
"expansion": "Phrygian: ἔζις (ézis, “hedgehog”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Phrygian: ἔζις (ézis, “hedgehog”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*egalaz",
"3": "",
"4": "leech"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *egalaz (“leech”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Root unknown.\nIf related to *h₁ógʷʰis (“snake”), it may have originated as literally “one that deals with snakes” > “snake-eater”. However, this would seem to require reinterpreting *h₁egʷʰ- as *h₁egʰ-w-, in which case Indo-Aryan would lack the suffix *-w-. While this may appear helpful for explaining some strange words like Proto-Germanic *egalaz (“leech”), it still fails to account for the different *ǵʰ versus *gʰ and so only adds complexity to the issue.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "*h₁eǵʰis",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*h₁eǵʰis m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁eǵʰis",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms with redundant head parameter",
"Proto-Indo-European terms with unknown etymologies",
"ine-pro:Erinaceids"
],
"glosses": [
"hedgehog"
],
"links": [
[
"hedgehog",
"hedgehog"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oleg Trubachyov",
"Rick Derksen",
"uk:Мельничук Олександр Савич"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "ǵʰḗr"
}
],
"word": "h₁eǵʰis"
}
Download raw JSONL data for h₁eǵʰis meaning in Proto-Indo-European (4.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (45c4a21 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.