See ǵʰḗr in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ǵʰḗr meaning in Proto-Indo-European (4.7kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kʰḗr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰḗr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰḗr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χήρ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: χήρ (khḗr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: χήρ (khḗr)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*hēr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *hēr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *hēr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ēr"
},
"expansion": "Latin: ēr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: ēr"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵʰer-",
"3": "*s",
"id2": "hysterokinetic",
"pos2": "root nominal suffix",
"t1": "to be excited, bristly"
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰer- (“to be excited, bristly”) + *-s (root nominal suffix)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *ǵʰer- (“to be excited, bristly”) + *-s (root nominal suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰḗr",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰérh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰérh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéres",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰér",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰérh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰérh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéres",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰérm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰérh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰérh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰérm̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰrés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰróHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰrés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰr̥mós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰréy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰr̥mós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰér",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰr̥sú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰréh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰr̥mís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰḗr m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ǵʰér",
"2": "ǵʰr̥",
"ac": "amphikinetic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰḗr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using bad params when calling Template:ine-noun",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-s (hysterokinetic)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hedgehog"
],
"id": "en-ǵʰḗr-ine-pro-noun-BkpDgytP",
"links": [
[
"hedgehog",
"hedgehog"
]
],
"related": [
{
"sense": "Proto-Albanian: *darja; Albanian",
"word": "derr"
},
{
"roman": "khoîros",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰóřřos",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "χοῖρος"
},
{
"sense": "*ǵʰóryos (“pig”)",
"word": "→? Proto-Georgian-Zan: *ɣor-"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "h₁eǵʰis"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vladimir Orel"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵʰḗr"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*kʰḗr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰḗr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰḗr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χήρ"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: χήρ (khḗr)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: χήρ (khḗr)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*hēr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *hēr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *hēr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ēr"
},
"expansion": "Latin: ēr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: ēr"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵʰer-",
"3": "*s",
"id2": "hysterokinetic",
"pos2": "root nominal suffix",
"t1": "to be excited, bristly"
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰer- (“to be excited, bristly”) + *-s (root nominal suffix)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *ǵʰer- (“to be excited, bristly”) + *-s (root nominal suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰḗr",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰérh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰérh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéres",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰér",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰérh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰérh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéres",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰérm̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰérh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰérh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰérm̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰrés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰróHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰrés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰr̥mós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰréy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰr̥mós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰér",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéri",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰr̥sú",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰréh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰr̥mís",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰḗr m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ǵʰér",
"2": "ǵʰr̥",
"ac": "amphikinetic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰḗr",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"sense": "Proto-Albanian: *darja; Albanian",
"word": "derr"
},
{
"roman": "khoîros",
"sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰóřřos",
"tags": [
"Ancient-Greek"
],
"word": "χοῖρος"
},
{
"sense": "*ǵʰóryos (“pig”)",
"word": "→? Proto-Georgian-Zan: *ɣor-"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using bad params when calling Template:ine-noun",
"Proto-Indo-European amphikinetic root nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-s (hysterokinetic)",
"ine-pro:Erinaceids"
],
"glosses": [
"hedgehog"
],
"links": [
[
"hedgehog",
"hedgehog"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Vladimir Orel"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "h₁eǵʰis"
}
],
"word": "ǵʰḗr"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.