See gewH- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for gewH- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (6.9kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*géwH-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kewaną",
"t": "to cry"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kewaną (“to cry”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kewaną (“to cry”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kjá"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: kjá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: kjá"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gáwbati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáwbati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáwbati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gáwbati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gáwbati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gáwbati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gowH-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kawjaną",
"t": "to call, name"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kawjaną (“to call, name”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kawjaną (“to call, name”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gowh₂-dʰh₁-y-ónti (denominative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*gaustei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gaustei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gaustei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gaũsti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: gaũsti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: gaũsti, gaudžiù (“to make a sound, hum”, 1sg.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "gaũst"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: gaũst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: gaũst, gaūžu (“to wail, lament”, 1sg.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gǫsti",
"t": "to make a sound, hum, sing, weep, play an instrument"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *gǫsti (“to make a sound, hum, sing, weep, play an instrument”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *gǫsti (“to make a sound, hum, sing, weep, play an instrument”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gow-dʰh₁-us"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gaudùs",
"t": "sonorous"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: gaudùs (“sonorous”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: gaudùs (“sonorous”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "gàuds",
"t": "miserable"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: gàuds (“miserable”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: gàuds (“miserable”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gowH-oro-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*gawaras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gawaras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gawaras"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "gaura",
"t": "chatter"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: gaura (“chatter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: gaura (“chatter”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gȍvorъ",
"t": "talk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *gȍvorъ (“talk”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *gȍvorъ (“talk”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷowH-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*gʷow-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *gʷow-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *gʷow-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "bovō",
"t": "loudly call upon, cry aloud"
},
"expansion": "Latin: bovō (“loudly call upon, cry aloud”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: bovō (“loudly call upon, cry aloud”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷowH-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γόος",
"t": "wailing, weeping, lament"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γόος (góos, “wailing, weeping, lament”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γόος (góos, “wailing, weeping, lament”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*guH-mós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kūmaz",
"t": "thin, weak, frail"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kūmaz (“thin, weak, frail”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kūmaz (“thin, weak, frail”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "kūmo",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: kūmo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: kūmo (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cyme",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old English: cyme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old English: cyme"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जोगुवे",
"t": "to call, invoke",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Sanskrit: जोगुवे (joguve, “to call, invoke”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Sanskrit: जोगुवे (joguve, “to call, invoke”)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps connected to the synonymous *ǵʰewH-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "g⁽ʷ⁾ew (H)-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "g⁽ʷ⁾ew (h₂)-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gewH-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to call, name"
],
"id": "en-gewH--ine-pro-root-OTZjzAlY",
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"name",
"name"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to invoke, call on"
],
"id": "en-gewH--ine-pro-root-ZEJBgJQz",
"links": [
[
"invoke",
"invoke"
],
[
"call on",
"call on"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 35 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 13 87",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to cry, cry out"
],
"id": "en-gewH--ine-pro-root-jUJhvyym",
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"cry out",
"cry out"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "gewH-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeRH-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*géwH-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kewaną",
"t": "to cry"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kewaną (“to cry”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kewaną (“to cry”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kjá"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: kjá",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: kjá"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gáwbati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáwbati",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gáwbati"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*gáwbati"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *gáwbati",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *gáwbati (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gowH-éye-ti (causative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kawjaną",
"t": "to call, name"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kawjaną (“to call, name”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kawjaną (“to call, name”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gowh₂-dʰh₁-y-ónti (denominative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*gaustei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gaustei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gaustei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gaũsti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: gaũsti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: gaũsti, gaudžiù (“to make a sound, hum”, 1sg.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "gaũst"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: gaũst",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: gaũst, gaūžu (“to wail, lament”, 1sg.)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gǫsti",
"t": "to make a sound, hum, sing, weep, play an instrument"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *gǫsti (“to make a sound, hum, sing, weep, play an instrument”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *gǫsti (“to make a sound, hum, sing, weep, play an instrument”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gow-dʰh₁-us"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "gaudùs",
"t": "sonorous"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: gaudùs (“sonorous”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: gaudùs (“sonorous”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "gàuds",
"t": "miserable"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: gàuds (“miserable”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: gàuds (“miserable”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gowH-oro-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*gawaras"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gawaras",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gawaras"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "gaura",
"t": "chatter"
},
"expansion": "Latvian: gaura (“chatter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latvian: gaura (“chatter”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gȍvorъ",
"t": "talk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *gȍvorъ (“talk”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *gȍvorъ (“talk”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷowH-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*gʷow-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *gʷow-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *gʷow-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "bovō",
"t": "loudly call upon, cry aloud"
},
"expansion": "Latin: bovō (“loudly call upon, cry aloud”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: bovō (“loudly call upon, cry aloud”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷowH-os"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γόος",
"t": "wailing, weeping, lament"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γόος (góos, “wailing, weeping, lament”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γόος (góos, “wailing, weeping, lament”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*guH-mós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kūmaz",
"t": "thin, weak, frail"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kūmaz (“thin, weak, frail”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *kūmaz (“thin, weak, frail”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "kūmo",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old High German: kūmo",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old High German: kūmo (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "cyme",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old English: cyme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old English: cyme"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जोगुवे",
"t": "to call, invoke",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Sanskrit: जोगुवे (joguve, “to call, invoke”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Sanskrit: जोगुवे (joguve, “to call, invoke”)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps connected to the synonymous *ǵʰewH-.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "g⁽ʷ⁾ew (H)-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "g⁽ʷ⁾ew (h₂)-",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gewH-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to call, name"
],
"links": [
[
"call",
"call"
],
[
"name",
"name"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to invoke, call on"
],
"links": [
[
"invoke",
"invoke"
],
[
"call on",
"call on"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to cry, cry out"
],
"links": [
[
"cry",
"cry"
],
[
"cry out",
"cry out"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "gewH-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (91e95e7 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.