"gʷih₃wós" meaning in Proto-Indo-European

See gʷih₃wós in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

Etymology: From *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”) + *-wós (deverbal adjectival suffix). Etymology templates: {{root|ine-pro|ine-pro|*gʷeyh₃-}}, {{suffix|ine-pro|*gʷeyh₃-|*wós|gloss1=to live|pos2=deverbal adjectival suffix}} *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”) + *-wós (deverbal adjectival suffix) Head templates: {{head|ine-pro|adjective|non-ablauting|||-|f2nolink=1|head=|head2=|head3=|head4=|head5=}} *gʷih₃wós (non-ablauting) Inflection templates: {{ine-decl-adj|gʷih₃wó}} Forms: non-ablauting [romanization], no-table-tags [table-tags], gʷih₃wós [nominative, singular], gʷih₃wóh₁ [dual, nominative], gʷih₃wóes [nominative, plural], gʷih₃wé [singular, vocative], gʷih₃wóh₁ [dual, vocative], gʷih₃wóes [plural, vocative], gʷih₃wóm [accusative, singular], gʷih₃wóh₁ [accusative, dual], gʷih₃wóms [accusative, plural], gʷih₃wósyo [genitive, singular], - [dual, genitive], gʷih₃wóHom [genitive, plural], gʷih₃wéad [ablative, singular], - [ablative, dual], gʷih₃wómos [ablative, plural], gʷih₃wóey [dative, singular], - [dative, dual], gʷih₃wómos [dative, plural], gʷih₃wéy [locative, singular], gʷih₃wóy [locative, singular], - [dual, locative], gʷih₃wóysu [locative, plural], gʷih₃wóh₁ [instrumental, singular], - [dual, instrumental], gʷih₃wṓys [instrumental, plural], gʷih₃wéh₂ [nominative, singular], gʷih₃wéh₂h₁ [dual, nominative], gʷih₃wéh₂h₁e [dual, nominative], gʷih₃wéh₂es [nominative, plural], gʷih₃wéh₂ [singular, vocative], gʷih₃wéh₂h₁ [dual, vocative], gʷih₃wéh₂h₁e [dual, vocative], gʷih₃wéh₂es [plural, vocative], gʷih₃wā́m [accusative, singular], gʷih₃wéh₂h₁ [accusative, dual], gʷih₃wéh₂h₁e [accusative, dual], gʷih₃wéh₂m̥s [accusative, plural], gʷih₃wéh₂s [genitive, singular], gʷih₃wéh₂oHom [genitive, plural], gʷih₃wéh₂s [ablative, singular], gʷih₃wéh₂mos [ablative, plural], gʷih₃wéh₂ey [dative, singular], gʷih₃wéh₂mos [dative, plural], gʷih₃wéh₂ [locative, singular], gʷih₃wéh₂i [locative, singular], gʷih₃wéh₂su [locative, plural], gʷih₃wéh₂h₁ [instrumental, singular], gʷih₃wéh₂mis [instrumental, plural], gʷih₃wóm [nominative, singular], gʷih₃wóy [dual, nominative], gʷih₃wóyh₁ [dual, nominative], gʷih₃wéh₂ [nominative, plural], gʷih₃wóm [singular, vocative], gʷih₃wóy [dual, vocative], gʷih₃wóyh₁ [dual, vocative], gʷih₃wéh₂ [plural, vocative], gʷih₃wóy [accusative, dual], gʷih₃wóyh₁ [accusative, dual], gʷih₃wéh₂ [accusative, plural]
  1. alive, living Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-gʷih₃wós-ine-pro-adj-Edra6STS Categories (other): Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *gʷeyh₃-, Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-wós Derived forms: gʷíh₃w-e-ti Derived forms (*gʷih₃wo-to-): biyatom (english: see there for further descendants) [food, lifestyle], gʷītā (english: see there for further descendants) Derived forms (*gʷyéh₃w-yo-): ďṓyyon (english: see there for further descendants) Derived forms (Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gīˀwatas): gyvatà [Lithuanian], životъ (english: see there for further descendants) [Proto-Slavic] Derived forms (Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gīˀwatas; Old Prussian): giwato Derived forms (Proto-Brythonic: *bɨwöd; Welsh): bywyd Derived forms (Proto-Celtic: *biwotūts (“life, existence”)): Old Irish: bethu, beothu, bethadMiddle Irish: bethaIrish: beathaManx: beaScottish Gaelic: beatha Derived forms (Proto-Germanic: *sēmikwikwaz): sāmcwic [Old-English] Derived forms (Proto-Hellenic: *gʷīwotos): βίοτος (bíotos) [Ancient-Greek], βιοτή (biotḗ) [Ancient-Greek] Derived forms (Proto-Hellenic: *hēmigʷīwos): ἡμίβιος (hēmíbios) [Ancient-Greek] Derived forms (Proto-Hellenic: *ďōwós): ζωός (zōós) [Ancient-Greek] Derived forms (Proto-Indo-Aryan): जीवित (jīvitá) (english: see there for further descendants) [Sanskrit] Derived forms (Proto-Iranian): 𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬊 (gaiio) (alt: acc. 𐬘𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬙𐬎𐬨 (jiiātum)) (english: life) Derived forms (Proto-Italic: *sēmigʷīwos): sēmivīvus [Latin]

Download JSON data for gʷih₃wós meaning in Proto-Indo-European (10.8kB)

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "mr̥tós"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
            "2": "*gīˀwás"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gīˀwás",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gīˀwás (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*biwos"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *biwos",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *biwos (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*kwiwaz",
            "3": "*kwikwaz"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kwiwaz, *kwikwaz",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *kwiwaz, *kwikwaz (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro",
            "2": "*gʷīwos"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *gʷīwos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic: *gʷīwos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "βίος"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: βίος (bíos)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: βίος (bíos) (or possibly a syncope of βίοτος (bíotos))"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "βίος"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: βίος (víos)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: βίος (víos)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*ǰiHwás"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰiHwás",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰiHwás (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*gʷīwos"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *gʷīwos",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *gʷīwos (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Tocharian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "txb",
            "2": "śāw-",
            "3": "śāy-"
          },
          "expansion": "Tocharian B: śāw-, śāy-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tocharian B: śāw-, śāy-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷeyh₃-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gʷeyh₃-",
        "3": "*wós",
        "gloss1": "to live",
        "pos2": "deverbal adjectival suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "*gʷeyh₃- (“to live”) + *-wós (deverbal adjectival suffix)",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”) + *-wós (deverbal adjectival suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "non-ablauting",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ine-decl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wós",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wé",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóms",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wósyo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóHom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéad",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wómos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wómos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóysu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wṓys",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂h₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂h₁e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂es",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂h₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂h₁e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂es",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wā́m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂h₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂h₁e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂m̥s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂oHom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂mos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂ey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂mos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂i",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂su",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂h₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂mis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóyh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóyh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóyh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "non-ablauting",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "-",
        "f2nolink": "1",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "head4": "",
        "head5": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*gʷih₃wós (non-ablauting)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gʷih₃wó"
      },
      "name": "ine-decl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷih₃wós",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *gʷeyh₃-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-wós",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "gʷíh₃w-e-ti"
        },
        {
          "roman": "zōós",
          "sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *ďōwós",
          "tags": [
            "Ancient-Greek"
          ],
          "word": "ζωός"
        },
        {
          "english": "see there for further descendants",
          "sense": "*gʷyéh₃w-yo-",
          "word": "ďṓyyon"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gīˀwatas",
          "tags": [
            "Lithuanian"
          ],
          "word": "gyvatà"
        },
        {
          "english": "see there for further descendants",
          "sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gīˀwatas",
          "tags": [
            "Proto-Slavic"
          ],
          "word": "životъ"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gīˀwatas; Old Prussian",
          "word": "giwato"
        },
        {
          "english": "see there for further descendants",
          "sense": "*gʷih₃wo-to-",
          "topics": [
            "food",
            "lifestyle"
          ],
          "word": "biyatom"
        },
        {
          "english": "see there for further descendants",
          "sense": "*gʷih₃wo-to-",
          "word": "gʷītā"
        },
        {
          "roman": "bíotos",
          "sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *gʷīwotos",
          "tags": [
            "Ancient-Greek"
          ],
          "word": "βίοτος"
        },
        {
          "roman": "biotḗ",
          "sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *gʷīwotos",
          "tags": [
            "Ancient-Greek"
          ],
          "word": "βιοτή"
        },
        {
          "english": "see there for further descendants",
          "roman": "jīvitá",
          "sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
          "tags": [
            "Sanskrit"
          ],
          "word": "जीवित"
        },
        {
          "alt": "acc. 𐬘𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬙𐬎𐬨 (jiiātum)",
          "english": "life",
          "roman": "gaiio",
          "sense": "Proto-Iranian",
          "word": "𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬊"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Proto-Brythonic: *bɨwöd; Welsh",
          "word": "bywyd"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Proto-Celtic: *biwotūts (“life, existence”)",
          "word": "Old Irish: bethu"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Proto-Celtic: *biwotūts (“life, existence”)",
          "word": "beothu"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Proto-Celtic: *biwotūts (“life, existence”)",
          "word": "bethadMiddle Irish: bethaIrish: beathaManx: beaScottish Gaelic: beatha"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Proto-Germanic: *sēmikwikwaz",
          "tags": [
            "Old-English"
          ],
          "word": "sāmcwic"
        },
        {
          "roman": "hēmíbios",
          "sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *hēmigʷīwos",
          "tags": [
            "Ancient-Greek"
          ],
          "word": "ἡμίβιος"
        },
        {
          "sense": "Proto-Italic: *sēmigʷīwos",
          "tags": [
            "Latin"
          ],
          "word": "sēmivīvus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alive, living"
      ],
      "id": "en-gʷih₃wós-ine-pro-adj-Edra6STS",
      "links": [
        [
          "alive",
          "alive"
        ],
        [
          "living",
          "living"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "gʷih₃wós"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "word": "mr̥tós"
    }
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "gʷíh₃w-e-ti"
    },
    {
      "roman": "zōós",
      "sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *ďōwós",
      "tags": [
        "Ancient-Greek"
      ],
      "word": "ζωός"
    },
    {
      "english": "see there for further descendants",
      "sense": "*gʷyéh₃w-yo-",
      "word": "ďṓyyon"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gīˀwatas",
      "tags": [
        "Lithuanian"
      ],
      "word": "gyvatà"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gīˀwatas; Old Prussian",
      "word": "giwato"
    },
    {
      "english": "see there for further descendants",
      "sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gīˀwatas",
      "tags": [
        "Proto-Slavic"
      ],
      "word": "životъ"
    },
    {
      "english": "see there for further descendants",
      "sense": "*gʷih₃wo-to-",
      "topics": [
        "food",
        "lifestyle"
      ],
      "word": "biyatom"
    },
    {
      "roman": "bíotos",
      "sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *gʷīwotos",
      "tags": [
        "Ancient-Greek"
      ],
      "word": "βίοτος"
    },
    {
      "roman": "biotḗ",
      "sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *gʷīwotos",
      "tags": [
        "Ancient-Greek"
      ],
      "word": "βιοτή"
    },
    {
      "english": "see there for further descendants",
      "sense": "*gʷih₃wo-to-",
      "word": "gʷītā"
    },
    {
      "english": "see there for further descendants",
      "roman": "jīvitá",
      "sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
      "tags": [
        "Sanskrit"
      ],
      "word": "जीवित"
    },
    {
      "alt": "acc. 𐬘𐬌𐬌𐬁𐬙𐬎𐬨 (jiiātum)",
      "english": "life",
      "roman": "gaiio",
      "sense": "Proto-Iranian",
      "word": "𐬔𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬊"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Proto-Brythonic: *bɨwöd; Welsh",
      "word": "bywyd"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Proto-Celtic: *biwotūts (“life, existence”)",
      "word": "Old Irish: bethu"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Proto-Celtic: *biwotūts (“life, existence”)",
      "word": "beothu"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Proto-Celtic: *biwotūts (“life, existence”)",
      "word": "bethadMiddle Irish: bethaIrish: beathaManx: beaScottish Gaelic: beatha"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Proto-Germanic: *sēmikwikwaz",
      "tags": [
        "Old-English"
      ],
      "word": "sāmcwic"
    },
    {
      "roman": "hēmíbios",
      "sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *hēmigʷīwos",
      "tags": [
        "Ancient-Greek"
      ],
      "word": "ἡμίβιος"
    },
    {
      "sense": "Proto-Italic: *sēmigʷīwos",
      "tags": [
        "Latin"
      ],
      "word": "sēmivīvus"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
            "2": "*gīˀwás"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gīˀwás",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gīˀwás (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-pro",
            "2": "*biwos"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *biwos",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Celtic: *biwos (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gem-pro",
            "2": "*kwiwaz",
            "3": "*kwikwaz"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *kwiwaz, *kwikwaz",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Germanic: *kwiwaz, *kwikwaz (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grk-pro",
            "2": "*gʷīwos"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *gʷīwos",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Hellenic: *gʷīwos"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "grc",
            "2": "βίος"
          },
          "expansion": "Ancient Greek: βίος (bíos)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Ancient Greek: βίος (bíos) (or possibly a syncope of βίοτος (bíotos))"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "el",
            "2": "βίος"
          },
          "expansion": "Greek: βίος (víos)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Greek: βίος (víos)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*ǰiHwás"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰiHwás",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰiHwás (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "itc-pro",
            "2": "*gʷīwos"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *gʷīwos",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Italic: *gʷīwos (see there for further descendants)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Tocharian:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "txb",
            "2": "śāw-",
            "3": "śāy-"
          },
          "expansion": "Tocharian B: śāw-, śāy-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Tocharian B: śāw-, śāy-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʷeyh₃-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gʷeyh₃-",
        "3": "*wós",
        "gloss1": "to live",
        "pos2": "deverbal adjectival suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "*gʷeyh₃- (“to live”) + *-wós (deverbal adjectival suffix)",
      "name": "suffix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From *gʷeyh₃- (“to live”) + *-wós (deverbal adjectival suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "non-ablauting",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ine-decl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wós",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wé",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóms",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wósyo",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóHom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéad",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wómos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wómos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "locative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóysu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "instrumental"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wṓys",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂h₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂h₁e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂es",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂h₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂h₁e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂es",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wā́m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂h₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂h₁e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂m̥s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂oHom",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂mos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂ey",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂mos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂i",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂su",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂h₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂mis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóyh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "nominative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóyh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóy",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wóyh₁",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "dual"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gʷih₃wéh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "non-ablauting",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "-",
        "f2nolink": "1",
        "head": "",
        "head2": "",
        "head3": "",
        "head4": "",
        "head5": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*gʷih₃wós (non-ablauting)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gʷih₃wó"
      },
      "name": "ine-decl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷih₃wós",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Indo-European adjectives",
        "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
        "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *gʷeyh₃-",
        "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-wós",
        "Proto-Indo-European thematic adjectives",
        "ine-pro:Biology"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "alive, living"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "alive",
          "alive"
        ],
        [
          "living",
          "living"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "gʷih₃wós"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.