See gʷem- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷém-t"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷm-ént"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷe-gʷóm-e"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷe-gʷm-ḗr"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷm̥-sḱé-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "bathmós",
"sense": "step",
"word": "βαθμός"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*gʷətʰmós"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*gʷəňňō"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*gʷənjō"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷm̥-yé-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "gamáyati",
"word": "गमयति"
}
],
"lang": "Vedic Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "gāmaya",
"word": "गामय"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*gāmáyati"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*ǰāmáyati"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*gāmáyati"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷom-éye-ti"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷém-ti-s"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷm̥-téy-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "gántu",
"sense": "walk, road",
"word": "गन्तु"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*gántuṣ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*gántuš"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "ventus"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*gʷentus"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷém-tu-s ~ *gʷm̥-téw-s"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷm̥-tó-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"word": "gati"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Albanian",
"lang_code": "sqj-pro",
"word": "*gat"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "ek",
"word": "եկ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "ek",
"word": "եկ"
}
],
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Prussian",
"lang_code": "prg",
"sense": "to give birth (to)",
"word": "gemton"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "birth; nature; face",
"word": "gỹmis"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ģimene"
}
],
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "family, kin; genus; gender; (dial.) relative",
"word": "giminė̃"
},
{
"lang": "Sudovian",
"lang_code": "xsv",
"sense": "family; uncles, their wives",
"word": "gimna"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "gat",
"word": "गत्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ga-t-s"
}
],
"lang": "Unsorted formations",
"lang_code": "unknown",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
]
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "gam",
"word": "गम्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tocharian A",
"lang_code": "xto",
"word": "kum-"
},
{
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"lang_code": "txb",
"word": "käm-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
"lang_code": "ine-toc-pro",
"word": "*kʷäm-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "step",
"pos": "root"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps some variation or gradation of *gʷeh₂- seen also on *mendʰ- - *meh₂dʰ-, *med- - *meh₁-/*meh₁d-.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷem-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European perfective roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to come, to step"
],
"id": "en-gʷem--ine-pro-root-JE2xvPK7",
"links": [
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"Adams, D. Q.",
"w:Douglas Q. Adams"
],
[
"step",
"step"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "gʷem-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷém-t"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷm-ént"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷe-gʷóm-e"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷe-gʷm-ḗr"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷm̥-sḱé-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "bathmós",
"sense": "step",
"word": "βαθμός"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*gʷətʰmós"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*gʷəňňō"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*gʷənjō"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷm̥-yé-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "gamáyati",
"word": "गमयति"
}
],
"lang": "Vedic Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "gāmaya",
"word": "गामय"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*gāmáyati"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*ǰāmáyati"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*gāmáyati"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷom-éye-ti"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷém-ti-s"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷm̥-téy-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "gántu",
"sense": "walk, road",
"word": "गन्तु"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*gántuṣ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*gántuš"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "ventus"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*gʷentus"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷém-tu-s ~ *gʷm̥-téw-s"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷm̥-tó-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"word": "gati"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Albanian",
"lang_code": "sqj-pro",
"word": "*gat"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy",
"roman": "ek",
"word": "եկ"
}
],
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "ek",
"word": "եկ"
}
],
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Prussian",
"lang_code": "prg",
"sense": "to give birth (to)",
"word": "gemton"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "birth; nature; face",
"word": "gỹmis"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ģimene"
}
],
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"sense": "family, kin; genus; gender; (dial.) relative",
"word": "giminė̃"
},
{
"lang": "Sudovian",
"lang_code": "xsv",
"sense": "family; uncles, their wives",
"word": "gimna"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "gat",
"word": "गत्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ga-t-s"
}
],
"lang": "Unsorted formations",
"lang_code": "unknown",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
]
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "gam",
"word": "गम्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tocharian A",
"lang_code": "xto",
"word": "kum-"
},
{
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"lang_code": "txb",
"word": "käm-"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
"lang_code": "ine-toc-pro",
"word": "*kʷäm-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"id": "step",
"pos": "root"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Perhaps some variation or gradation of *gʷeh₂- seen also on *mendʰ- - *meh₂dʰ-, *med- - *meh₁-/*meh₁d-.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷem-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European perfective roots",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"ine-pro:Gaits"
],
"glosses": [
"to come, to step"
],
"links": [
[
"come",
"come"
],
[
"Adams, D. Q.",
"w:Douglas Q. Adams"
],
[
"step",
"step"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"perfective",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
]
}
],
"word": "gʷem-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gʷem- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (5.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (ffdbfc3 and b9346a0). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.