See gʷṓws in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "boar",
"word": "gak"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Albanian",
"lang_code": "sqj-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*gauka"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Albanian",
"lang_code": "sqj-pro",
"word": "*gau"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "ox",
"word": "ka"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Albanian",
"lang_code": "sqj-pro",
"word": "*kē"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Anatolian hieroglyphic script",
"lang_code": "xlu",
"roman": "^(BOS)wa/i-s(a)",
"word": "𔑺𔗬𔗔"
}
],
"lang": "Luwian",
"lang_code": "xlu"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Anatolian",
"lang_code": "ine-ana-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "kov",
"word": "կով"
}
],
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"word": "gūvs"
},
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"word": "govs"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*govędo"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*gumьno"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*gavęzь"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*gaw-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"word": "gūvs"
},
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"word": "govs"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*govędo"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*gumьno"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*gavęzь"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*gōw-"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*bāus"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"word": "*kōz"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*gʷous"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*gā́wš"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*gʷōs"
},
{
"lang": "Thracian",
"lang_code": "txh",
"word": "bonassos"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
"lang_code": "ine-toc-pro",
"word": "*kew-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"lang_code": "txb",
"word": "kaiyye"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
"lang_code": "ine-toc-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Xiongnu",
"lang_code": "mis-xnu",
"roman": "*kʷeːd.deː",
"word": "駃騠"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Yeniseian",
"lang_code": "qfa-yen-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "horse",
"word": "*kus"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷṓws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷówh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷówh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷówes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷów",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷówh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷówh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷówes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷṓm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷówh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷówh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷówm̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéwoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéwmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéwbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéwey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéwmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéwbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéwsu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéwh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéwmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéwbʰis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*gʷṓws m or f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gʷów",
"2": "gʷéw",
"ac": "acrostatic",
"nom_sg": "gʷṓws"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷṓws",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*gʷow-kʷólh₁-o-s (“cowherd”) (+ *kʷelh₁- (“to make a turn, turn around”))",
"translation": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "boukolyos"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*gʷow-kʷólh₁-o-s (“cowherd”) (+ *kʷelh₁- (“to make a turn, turn around”))",
"translation": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "gʷoukólos"
},
{
"word": "gʷów-yo-s"
},
{
"alt": "dvigu compound with *ḱm̥tóm",
"english": "100",
"translation": "100",
"word": "ḱm̥tó-gʷu-s"
},
{
"roman": "govṛṣa",
"sense": "*gʷow-wr̥sen- (“male cow, bull”)",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "गोवृष"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*gʷow-wr̥sen- (“male cow, bull”)",
"translation": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "kauwärṣän"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cattle"
],
"id": "en-gʷṓws-ine-pro-noun-rdC4hzlX",
"links": [
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "gʷṓws"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*gʷow-kʷólh₁-o-s (“cowherd”) (+ *kʷelh₁- (“to make a turn, turn around”))",
"translation": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "boukolyos"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*gʷow-kʷólh₁-o-s (“cowherd”) (+ *kʷelh₁- (“to make a turn, turn around”))",
"translation": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "gʷoukólos"
},
{
"word": "gʷów-yo-s"
},
{
"roman": "govṛṣa",
"sense": "*gʷow-wr̥sen- (“male cow, bull”)",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "गोवृष"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*gʷow-wr̥sen- (“male cow, bull”)",
"translation": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "kauwärṣän"
},
{
"alt": "dvigu compound with *ḱm̥tóm",
"english": "100",
"translation": "100",
"word": "ḱm̥tó-gʷu-s"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "boar",
"word": "gak"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Albanian",
"lang_code": "sqj-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*gauka"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Albanian",
"lang_code": "sqj-pro",
"word": "*gau"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "ox",
"word": "ka"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Albanian",
"lang_code": "sqj-pro",
"word": "*kē"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Anatolian hieroglyphic script",
"lang_code": "xlu",
"roman": "^(BOS)wa/i-s(a)",
"word": "𔑺𔗬𔗔"
}
],
"lang": "Luwian",
"lang_code": "xlu"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Anatolian",
"lang_code": "ine-ana-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "kov",
"word": "կով"
}
],
"lang": "Armenian",
"lang_code": "hy"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"word": "gūvs"
},
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"word": "govs"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*govędo"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*gumьno"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*gavęzь"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*gaw-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"word": "gūvs"
},
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"word": "govs"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*govędo"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*gumьno"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*gavęzь"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*gōw-"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*bāus"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"word": "*kōz"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*gʷous"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*gā́wš"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*gʷōs"
},
{
"lang": "Thracian",
"lang_code": "txh",
"word": "bonassos"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
"lang_code": "ine-toc-pro",
"word": "*kew-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"lang_code": "txb",
"word": "kaiyye"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
"lang_code": "ine-toc-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Xiongnu",
"lang_code": "mis-xnu",
"roman": "*kʷeːd.deː",
"word": "駃騠"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Yeniseian",
"lang_code": "qfa-yen-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed",
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"sense": "horse",
"word": "*kus"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷṓws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷówh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷówh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷówes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷów",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷówh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷówh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷówes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷṓm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷówh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷówh₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷówm̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéwoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéwmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéwbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéwey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéwmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéwbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéwsu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéwh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéwmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéwbʰis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "f",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*gʷṓws m or f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gʷów",
"2": "gʷéw",
"ac": "acrostatic",
"nom_sg": "gʷṓws"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷṓws",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European acrostatic root nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European feminine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns with multiple genders",
"ine-pro:Cattle"
],
"glosses": [
"cattle"
],
"links": [
[
"cattle",
"cattle"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"word": "gʷṓws"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gʷṓws meaning in Proto-Indo-European (7.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (ffdbfc3 and b9346a0). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.