See gʷʰr̥nós in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"sense": "furnace",
"word": "*gъrnъ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*gúrnas"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"sense": "firebrand",
"word": "gorn"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*gʷornos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "ghṛṇá",
"sense": "heat",
"word": "घृण"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*gʰr̥ṇás"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*gʰr̥nás"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "oven",
"word": "furnus"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*fornos"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": ":af",
"3": "*gʷʰer-<id:warm>",
"4": "*-nós<id:verbal adjectives>",
"id": "warm"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʷʰer-",
"3": "*-nós",
"t1": "to be warm"
},
"expansion": "*gʷʰer- (“to be warm”) + *-nós",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Nominalization of *gʷʰr̥nós (“warm”), from *gʷʰer- (“to be warm”) + *-nós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nós",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóh₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥né",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóh₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóh₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nósyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóHom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥néad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nómos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóbʰos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nómos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóbʰos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥néy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóysu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóh₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nṓys",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*gʷʰr̥nós m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gʷʰr̥nó"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰr̥nós",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *gʷʰer-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-nós",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"something warm"
],
"id": "en-gʷʰr̥nós-ine-pro-noun-9gnRNUvD",
"links": [
[
"warm",
"warm"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gʷʰr̥nós"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"sense": "furnace",
"word": "*gъrnъ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*gúrnas"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"sense": "firebrand",
"word": "gorn"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*gʷornos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "ghṛṇá",
"sense": "heat",
"word": "घृण"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*gʰr̥ṇás"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*gʰr̥nás"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"sense": "oven",
"word": "furnus"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*fornos"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": ":af",
"3": "*gʷʰer-<id:warm>",
"4": "*-nós<id:verbal adjectives>",
"id": "warm"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʷʰer-",
"3": "*-nós",
"t1": "to be warm"
},
"expansion": "*gʷʰer- (“to be warm”) + *-nós",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Nominalization of *gʷʰr̥nós (“warm”), from *gʷʰer- (“to be warm”) + *-nós.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nós",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóh₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥né",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóh₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóm",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóh₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóms",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nósyo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóHom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥néad",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nómos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóbʰos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóey",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nómos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóbʰos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥néy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóysu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nóh₁",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷʰr̥nṓys",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*gʷʰr̥nós m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gʷʰr̥nó"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰr̥nós",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *gʷʰer-",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-nós",
"Proto-Indo-European thematic o-stem nouns",
"ine-pro:Temperature"
],
"glosses": [
"something warm"
],
"links": [
[
"warm",
"warm"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gʷʰr̥nós"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gʷʰr̥nós meaning in Proto-Indo-European (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-11-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-11-01 using wiktextract (16fc7bf and 2de17fa). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.