See gʷʰer- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"word": "ziej"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Albanian",
"lang_code": "sqj-pro",
"word": "*džera"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"word": "ziej"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Albanian",
"lang_code": "sqj-pro",
"word": "*džernja"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*gʷereti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "thérō",
"word": "θέρω"
},
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "théromai",
"word": "θέρομαι"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*kʷʰérō"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰér-e-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*garḗˀtei"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰe-gʷʰór-e ~ *gʷʰe-gʷʰr-ḗr"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "jighárti",
"word": "जिघर्ति"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*ȷ́igʰárti"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ǰʰigʰárti"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰi-gʷʰér-ti ~ *gʷʰi-gʷʰr-énti"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰor-éye-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"word": "ngroh"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Albanian",
"lang_code": "sqj-pro",
"word": "*grāja"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"word": "*grěti"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*grḗˀtei"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "theréō",
"word": "θερέω"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*kʷʰeréyō"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰr-éh₁-(ye)-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "gwres"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*gʷrensos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "ghraṃsa",
"word": "घ्रंस"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*gʰransás"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"roman": "warm",
"word": "*gʷʰrē̆-ns-o-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "ǰeṙnum",
"word": "ջեռնում"
},
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "ǰeṙanim",
"word": "ջեռանիմ"
},
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "ǰeṙim",
"word": "ջեռիմ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Armenian",
"lang_code": "hyx-pro"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*brinnaną"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "ghṛṇóti",
"word": "घृणोति"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*gʰr̥ṇáwti"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*gʰr̥náwti"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰr̥-néw-ti ~ *gʷʰr̥-nw-énti"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰér-mn̥"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"sense": "warmth, heat",
"word": "*gʷʰr̥-méns"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"sense": "heat; warm weather",
"word": "*gʷʰér-os"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"sense": "brooding; pus",
"word": "*gʷoros"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰór-o-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"sense": "furnace, cauldron",
"word": "*gъrnъ"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"word": "*gъrno"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*gurnas"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "ghṛṇá",
"sense": "heat",
"word": "घृण"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*gʰr̥ṇás"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*gʰr̥nás"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"sense": "warm",
"word": "*gʷʰr̥-nó-s"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰer-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to be warm"
],
"id": "en-gʷʰer--ine-pro-root-HoS0L6Gr",
"links": [
[
"warm",
"warm"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to become warm"
],
"id": "en-gʷʰer--ine-pro-root-aNpk-hDA",
"links": [
[
"warm",
"warm"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "gʷʰer-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"word": "ziej"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Albanian",
"lang_code": "sqj-pro",
"word": "*džera"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"word": "ziej"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Albanian",
"lang_code": "sqj-pro",
"word": "*džernja"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*gʷereti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "thérō",
"word": "θέρω"
},
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "théromai",
"word": "θέρομαι"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*kʷʰérō"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰér-e-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*garḗˀtei"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰe-gʷʰór-e ~ *gʷʰe-gʷʰr-ḗr"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "jighárti",
"word": "जिघर्ति"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*ȷ́igʰárti"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ǰʰigʰárti"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰi-gʷʰér-ti ~ *gʷʰi-gʷʰr-énti"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰor-éye-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"word": "ngroh"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Albanian",
"lang_code": "sqj-pro",
"word": "*grāja"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"word": "*grěti"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*grḗˀtei"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "theréō",
"word": "θερέω"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*kʷʰeréyō"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰr-éh₁-(ye)-ti"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "gwres"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*gʷrensos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "ghraṃsa",
"word": "घ्रंस"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*gʰransás"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"roman": "warm",
"word": "*gʷʰrē̆-ns-o-"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "ǰeṙnum",
"word": "ջեռնում"
},
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "ǰeṙanim",
"word": "ջեռանիմ"
},
{
"lang": "Old Armenian",
"lang_code": "xcl",
"roman": "ǰeṙim",
"word": "ջեռիմ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Armenian",
"lang_code": "hyx-pro"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*brinnaną"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "ghṛṇóti",
"word": "घृणोति"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*gʰr̥ṇáwti"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*gʰr̥náwti"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰr̥-néw-ti ~ *gʷʰr̥-nw-énti"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰér-mn̥"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"sense": "warmth, heat",
"word": "*gʷʰr̥-méns"
},
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"sense": "heat; warm weather",
"word": "*gʷʰér-os"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"sense": "brooding; pus",
"word": "*gʷoros"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"word": "*gʷʰór-o-s"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"sense": "furnace, cauldron",
"word": "*gъrnъ"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"word": "*gъrno"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*gurnas"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "ghṛṇá",
"sense": "heat",
"word": "घृण"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*gʰr̥ṇás"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*gʰr̥nás"
}
],
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"derived"
],
"sense": "warm",
"word": "*gʷʰr̥-nó-s"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰer-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to be warm"
],
"links": [
[
"warm",
"warm"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to become warm"
],
"links": [
[
"warm",
"warm"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "gʷʰer-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gʷʰer- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (5.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-09-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (20da82b and a97feda). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.