See gʷʰer- on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰér-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*džera"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *džera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *džera, *džernja"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ziej",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: ziej, zie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: ziej, zie"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gʷereti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *gʷereti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *gʷereti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt": "*kʷʰérō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʷʰérō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʷʰérō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θέρω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: θέρω (thérō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: θέρω (thérō), θέρομαι (théromai)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰe-gʷʰór-e ~ *gʷʰe-gʷʰr-ḗr (reduplicated stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*garḗˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *garḗˀtei",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *garḗˀtei (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰi-gʷʰér-ti ~ *gʷʰi-gʷʰr-énti (i-reduplicated athematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ǰʰigʰárti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰʰigʰárti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰʰigʰárti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"alt": "*ȷ́igʰárti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́igʰárti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́igʰárti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जिघर्ति",
"tr": "jighárti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जिघर्ति (jighárti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जिघर्ति (jighárti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰor-éye-ti (eye-causative)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰr-éh₁-(ye)-ti (eh₁(ye)-stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*grāja"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *grāja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *grāja"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ngroh"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: ngroh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: ngroh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*grḗˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *grḗˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *grḗˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*grěti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *grěti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *grěti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt": "*kʷʰeréyō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʷʰeréyō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʷʰeréyō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θερέω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: θερέω (theréō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: θερέω (theréō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰr̥-néw-ti ~ *gʷʰr̥-nw-énti (new-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ջեռնում",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: ջեռնում (ǰeṙnum), ջեռանիմ (ǰeṙanim), ջեռիմ (ǰeṙim)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: ջեռնում (ǰeṙnum), ջեռանիմ (ǰeṙanim), ջեռիմ (ǰeṙim)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*brinnaną",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *brinnaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps via *gʷʰrn̥w- > *brunw- followed by reanalysis of the ablaut"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps via *gʷʰrn̥w- > *brunw- followed by reanalysis of the ablaut)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *brinnaną (perhaps via *gʷʰrn̥w- > *brunw- followed by reanalysis of the ablaut) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gʰr̥náwti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥náwti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥náwti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"alt": "*gʰr̥ṇáwti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gʰr̥ṇáwti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gʰr̥ṇáwti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "घृणोति",
"tr": "ghṛṇóti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: घृणोति (ghṛṇóti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: घृणोति (ghṛṇóti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰér-mn̥ ~ *gʷʰr̥-méns (“warmth, heat”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰér-os (“heat; warm weather”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰór-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gʷoros",
"t": "brooding; pus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *gʷoros (“brooding; pus”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *gʷoros (“brooding; pus”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰr̥-nó-s (“warm”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*gurnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gurnas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gurnas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gъrnъ",
"t": "furnace, cauldron"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *gъrnъ (“furnace, cauldron”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *gъrnъ (“furnace, cauldron”), *gъrno (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gʰr̥nás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥nás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥nás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"alt": "*gʰr̥ṇás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gʰr̥ṇás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gʰr̥ṇás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "घृण",
"t": "heat",
"tr": "ghṛṇá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: घृण (ghṛṇá, “heat”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: घृण (ghṛṇá, “heat”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰer-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to be warm"
],
"id": "en-gʷʰer--ine-pro-root-HoS0L6Gr",
"links": [
[
"warm",
"warm"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to become warm"
],
"id": "en-gʷʰer--ine-pro-root-aNpk-hDA",
"links": [
[
"warm",
"warm"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Oleg Trubachyov"
],
"word": "gʷʰer-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shaped roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰér-e-ti (thematic root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*džera"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *džera",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *džera, *džernja"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ziej",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: ziej, zie",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: ziej, zie"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gʷereti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *gʷereti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *gʷereti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt": "*kʷʰérō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʷʰérō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʷʰérō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θέρω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: θέρω (thérō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: θέρω (thérō), θέρομαι (théromai)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰe-gʷʰór-e ~ *gʷʰe-gʷʰr-ḗr (reduplicated stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*garḗˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *garḗˀtei",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *garḗˀtei (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰi-gʷʰér-ti ~ *gʷʰi-gʷʰr-énti (i-reduplicated athematic present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ǰʰigʰárti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰʰigʰárti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰʰigʰárti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"alt": "*ȷ́igʰárti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́igʰárti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́igʰárti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जिघर्ति",
"tr": "jighárti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: जिघर्ति (jighárti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: जिघर्ति (jighárti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰor-éye-ti (eye-causative)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰr-éh₁-(ye)-ti (eh₁(ye)-stative)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*grāja"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *grāja",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *grāja"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "ngroh"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: ngroh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: ngroh"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*grḗˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *grḗˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *grḗˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*grěti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *grěti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *grěti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt": "*kʷʰeréyō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʷʰeréyō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʷʰeréyō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θερέω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: θερέω (theréō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: θερέω (theréō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰr̥-néw-ti ~ *gʷʰr̥-nw-énti (new-present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hyx-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Armenian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "ջեռնում",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: ջեռնում (ǰeṙnum), ջեռանիմ (ǰeṙanim), ջեռիմ (ǰeṙim)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: ջեռնում (ǰeṙnum), ջեռանիմ (ǰeṙanim), ջեռիմ (ǰeṙim)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*brinnaną",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Germanic: *brinnaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps via *gʷʰrn̥w- > *brunw- followed by reanalysis of the ablaut"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps via *gʷʰrn̥w- > *brunw- followed by reanalysis of the ablaut)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Germanic: *brinnaną (perhaps via *gʷʰrn̥w- > *brunw- followed by reanalysis of the ablaut) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gʰr̥náwti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥náwti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥náwti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"alt": "*gʰr̥ṇáwti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gʰr̥ṇáwti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gʰr̥ṇáwti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "घृणोति",
"tr": "ghṛṇóti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: घृणोति (ghṛṇóti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: घृणोति (ghṛṇóti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰér-mn̥ ~ *gʷʰr̥-méns (“warmth, heat”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰér-os (“heat; warm weather”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰór-o-s"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gʷoros",
"t": "brooding; pus"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *gʷoros (“brooding; pus”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *gʷoros (“brooding; pus”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*gʷʰr̥-nó-s (“warm”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*gurnas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gurnas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gurnas"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gъrnъ",
"t": "furnace, cauldron"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *gъrnъ (“furnace, cauldron”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *gъrnъ (“furnace, cauldron”), *gъrno (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*gʰr̥nás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥nás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *gʰr̥nás"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"alt": "*gʰr̥ṇás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gʰr̥ṇás",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gʰr̥ṇás"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "घृण",
"t": "heat",
"tr": "ghṛṇá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: घृण (ghṛṇá, “heat”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: घृण (ghṛṇá, “heat”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷʰer-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to be warm"
],
"links": [
[
"warm",
"warm"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to become warm"
],
"links": [
[
"warm",
"warm"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben",
"Oleg Trubachyov"
],
"word": "gʷʰer-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gʷʰer- meaning in All languages combined (7.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (bcd5c38 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.