See gʷéru in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"sense": "spit",
"word": "*beru"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "qairu",
"word": "𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"sense": "sharp stick",
"word": "*kweru"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "grava",
"sense": "staff",
"word": "𐬔𐬭𐬀𐬬𐬀"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "ġarv",
"word": "غرو"
}
],
"lang": "Manichaean Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"roman": "grww",
"sense": "cane, reed",
"word": "𐫃𐫡𐫇𐫇"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*gráw"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "grava",
"sense": "staff",
"word": "𐬔𐬭𐬀𐬬𐬀"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "ġarv",
"word": "غرو"
}
],
"lang": "Manichaean Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"roman": "grww",
"sense": "cane, reed",
"word": "𐫃𐫡𐫇𐫇"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"sense": "stick, hollow reed",
"word": "*gáru"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*gáru"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"sense": "spit",
"word": "*gʷeru"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷérwih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéruh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷérwih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéruh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷérwih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéruh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷréws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷréwoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷréws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷrúmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷrúbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷréwey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷrúmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷrúbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷréw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷréwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷrúsu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷrúh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷrúmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷrúbʰis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*gʷéru n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gʷéru",
"2": "gʷréw",
"ac": "proterokinetic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷéru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "58 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "80 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"spit, skewer"
],
"id": "en-gʷéru-ine-pro-noun-Y~ThWaK-",
"links": [
[
"spit",
"spit"
],
[
"skewer",
"skewer"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"spear, throwing spear"
],
"id": "en-gʷéru-ine-pro-noun-xEfjdTmS",
"links": [
[
"spear",
"spear"
],
[
"throwing",
"throwing"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gʷéru"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European neuter nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European proterokinetic neuter u-stem nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"sense": "spit",
"word": "*beru"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "qairu",
"word": "𐌵𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"sense": "sharp stick",
"word": "*kweru"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "grava",
"sense": "staff",
"word": "𐬔𐬭𐬀𐬬𐬀"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "ġarv",
"word": "غرو"
}
],
"lang": "Manichaean Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"roman": "grww",
"sense": "cane, reed",
"word": "𐫃𐫡𐫇𐫇"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*gráw"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Avestan",
"lang_code": "ae",
"roman": "grava",
"sense": "staff",
"word": "𐬔𐬭𐬀𐬬𐬀"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "ġarv",
"word": "غرو"
}
],
"lang": "Manichaean Middle Persian",
"lang_code": "pal",
"roman": "grww",
"sense": "cane, reed",
"word": "𐫃𐫡𐫇𐫇"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"sense": "stick, hollow reed",
"word": "*gáru"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*gáru"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"sense": "spit",
"word": "*gʷeru"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷérwih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéruh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷérwih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéruh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéru",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷérwih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷéruh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷréws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷréwoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷréws",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷrúmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷrúbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷréwey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷrúmos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷrúbʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷréw",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷréwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷrúsu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷrúh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷrúmis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʷrúbʰis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*gʷéru n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gʷéru",
"2": "gʷréw",
"ac": "proterokinetic"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷéru",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"spit, skewer"
],
"links": [
[
"spit",
"spit"
],
[
"skewer",
"skewer"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"ine-pro:Spears"
],
"glosses": [
"spear, throwing spear"
],
"links": [
[
"spear",
"spear"
],
[
"throwing",
"throwing"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "gʷéru"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gʷéru meaning in Proto-Indo-European (4.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (ffdbfc3 and b9346a0). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.